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Home My WebLink AboutCCAgen_14 March12CITY OF FALCON HEIGHTS Regular Meeting of the City Council City Hall 2077 West Larpenteur Avenue AGENDA March 14, 2012 A. CALL TO ORDER: B. ROLL CALL: LINDSTROM ____ HARRIS ____ GOSLINE ____ LONG ____ MERCER-TAYLOR ____ FISCHER ____ C. PRESENTATIONS: 1. St. Anthony Police Department Annual Report D. APPROVAL OF MINUTES: February 8, 2012 E. PUBLIC HEARINGS: F. CONSENT AGENDA: 1. General Disbursements through 2/28/2012: $229,902.19 Payroll through 2/29/2012: $31,491.71 2. City License Renewal 3. Approval of City Hall Roof Replacement bid 4. Acceptance of Source Comics and Games Donation 5. Sanitary Sewer Cleaning Program 6. Reestablishment of City’s Precinct Boundaries G: POLICY ITEMS: 1. Tobacco Ordinance Amendment 2. Coal Tar Sealant Ordinance H. INFORMATION/ANNOUNCEMENTS: I. COMMUNITY FORUM: J. ADJOURNMENT: CITY OF FALCON HEIGHTS Regular Meeting of the City Council City Hall 2077 West Larpenteur Avenue AGENDA February 8, 2012 A. CALL TO ORDER: B. ROLL CALL: LINDSTROM _X_ HARRIS _X_ GOSLINE _ab_ LONG _X_ MERCER-TAYLOR _X_ FISCHER _X_ C. PRESENTATIONS: D. APPROVAL OF MINUTES: January 25, 2012 Approved E. PUBLIC HEARINGS: F. CONSENT AGENDA: Motion Chuck Long Approval 4-0 1. General Disbursements through 2/1/2012: $40,876.29 Payroll through 1/31/2012: $14,337.24 2. City License Renewal 3. Approval of Subordination Agreements (3) Associated With Falcon Heights Town Square-Senior Apartments LLC 4. Public Works Equipment Purchases 5. Authorization for the City of Falcon Heights to submit a grant application to the DNR for a “2010 to 2014 Community Forest Bonding Grant.” G: POLICY ITEMS: 1. H. INFORMATION/ANNOUNCEMENTS: I. COMMUNITY FORUM: J. ADJOURNMENT: 7:20pm St. Anthony Police DepartmentFalcon Heights2011 AnnualReport Falcon Heights Part I Crimes0 2 2 115 89 7 0 0 0 32 17 85 6 0 0102030405060708090 MurderRapeRobberyAgg AsltBurglaryTheftMV TheftArson Murder 00 Rape 20 Robbery 23 Agg Aslt 12 Burglary 1517 Theft 8985 MV Theft 76 Arson 0020102011 Falcon Heights Part II Crimes8 16 0 4 9 0 3 4 9 2 5 7 0 9 02468 10121416 AssaultsProperty DamageForgeryDOCLiquorWeaponsDrugs Assaults 84 Property Damage 169 Forgery 02 DOC 45 Liquor 97 Weapons 00 Drugs 392010 2011 Other Calls/Incidents of Interest2112 2064 2905 0 50010001500200025003000 200920102011 200920102011 *NOTE: The large increase in calls for service is due to our new computer systems which generates service calls for citations as well. Patrol Review• 1,647 citations issued for moving violation • 243 citations issued for non-moving violations • 638 arrests • 2 Officers received Certificate of Appreciation from Ramsey County Safe & Sober for extraordinary efforts Investigation Review • Total Criminal Cases 194 • Total Cases Cleared 98 • Total Cases Cleared by Arrest 70 • Total Cases Cleared by Other 28 • CLEARANCE RATE 50% Education Summary • The Police Department completed 1432.5 hours of training (excluding SWAT and WMD); Training included:– Active Shooter – New ECitation System – EMS – Taser – Use of Force – Investigation Protocols – Leadership Training – Data Master (Breath Testing) Police Reserves • 12 Reserve Officers at Year End • 2475 Donated Hours– 510 of these were for community events • Revamped Field Training Crime Prevention • Minnesota Night to Unite – attended 9 block parties • Visit/checks to after school activities • Pinewood Derby Crime Prevention • Special Olympics Law Enforcement Torch Run • “Shop with a Cop” St. Anthony Police DepartmentFalcon Heights2011 AnnualReport REQUEST FOR COUNCIL ACTION Families, Fields and Fair __________________________ Meeting Date March 14, 2012 Agenda Item Consent F1 Attachment General Disbursements and Payroll Submitted By Roland Olson, Finance Director The City That Soars! Item General Disbursements and Payroll Description General Disbursements through 2/28/2012: $229,902.19 Payroll through 2/29/2012: $31,491.71 Budget Impact Attachment(s) General Disbursements and Payroll Action(s) Requested Staff recommends that the Falcon Heights City Council approve general disbursements and payroll. REQUEST FOR COUNCIL ACTION Families, Fields and Fair __________________________ Meeting Date March 14, 2012 Agenda Item Consent F2 Attachment Submitted By Michelle Tesser, Assistant to the City Administrator The City That Soars! Item City License Applications Description The following individuals have applied for a Municipal License for 2012. Staff has received the necessary documents for licensure. 1. Butler Vacuum 2. Essential Sessions Studios LLC 3. James Kernik, DDS 4. Premier Health 5. Hamline Hoyt Service 6. Videfi Corp DBA Curves The following individuals have applied for a Tree Trimming License for 2012. Staff has received the necessary documents for licensure. 1. A-1 Walsh 2. Premium Tree Protection The following individuals have applied for a Mechanical License for 2012. Staff has received the necessary documents for licensure. 1. West Air Inc 2. Affordable Comfort Mechanical DBA Apollo Heating 3. Adam’s On-Time Plumbing & Water Heaters, LLC 4. K.B. Service Co. 5. Joel Smith Heating & Air Conditioning Inc. The following individuals have applied for a General Contractor’s License for 2012. Staff has received the necessary documents for licensure. 1. Chan’s Consulting, LLC Budget Impact Attachment(s) N/A Action(s) Requested Staff recommends that the Falcon Heights City Council approve the 2012 City License Applications REQUEST FOR COUNCIL ACTION Meeting Date March 14, 2012 Agenda Item Consent F3 Attachment Contractors bids and publication Submitted By Tim Pittman, Director of Parks/Public Works and Roland Olson, Finance Director Families, Fields and Fair Item Approval of City Hall Roof Replacement bid Budget Amendment and Transfer of Funds to fund roof repair Description The city hall roof was installed in 1982, since that time there have been several repairs to the roof. The roof is not in good shape and it only makes sense to replace it before moving a head with the solar panel project. Staff and council have discussed the issue and agreed to contract Roof Spec Inc. to design and advertise for roofing contractors to bid on the removal and replacement of a new roof on the city hall, fire department and public works department. An advertisement was published in the local paper, eight ( 8) contractors came to the pre-bid meeting that was held on February 20, 2012. Sealed bids were due on February 24, 2012 by 2:00 pm. Six (6) bids were received and came in as follows: Central Roofing $149,460.00 Commercial Roofing $154,500.00 McPhillips Bros. Roofing $159,670.00 Palmer West Const. $162,900.00 Peterson Bros. $174,900.00 John A. Dalsin & Son $177,826.00 Roof Spec Inc. reviewed the bid with Mr. Steve Johnson of Central Roofing on February 27, 2012. Roof Spec Inc. confirmed bid numbers and recommends that Central Roofing be awarded the contract. When the 2012 budget was being prepared in 2011, a budget estimate of the roof repair cost was obtained based on the going rate at that time from the roof contractor currently conducting ongoing repairs to the city hall roof. This estimate was based off of replacing the existing roof system, which is old and outdated. The new bids reflect an improved roofing system. The original estimate of $130,000 was used to prepare the budget. The original amount of $130,000 was to be transferred from the Infrastructure Fund (419) to the Parks and Public Works Capital Fund (403) to fund this repair. The bid(s) received were $20,000 over the original estimated cost of $130,000 due to the current going rate as well as the budgeted number being an estimate of final bid costs. Staff recommends a budget amendment increase of $20,000 to the original budgeted transfer amount from the Infrastructure Fund (419) to the Parks and Public Works Capital Fund (403) to fund this increase. The specific accounts affected are as follows:  Infrastructure fund (419) 419-4419-97000 increase $20,000, new budget amount would be $150,000.  Parks and Public Works Capital (403) 403-000-39200 increase $20,000, new budget amount would be $150,000. In summary, the transfer amount from the Infrastructure Fund (419) to the Parks and Public Works Capital Fund (403) would then be a total of $150,000 instead of the originally budgeted amount of $130,000. Budget Impact Money has been allocated in the 5 year CIP for the 2012 budget in the amount of $130,000. Budget amendment and transfer would increase this amount to $150,000. Attachment(s) Bids and publication in local paper. Action(s) Requested Staff recommends that the Falcon Heights City Council approve a contract with Central Roofing in the amount of $149,460.00. Staff recommends amending the budget and transfer amount for the transfer from the Infrastructure Fund (419) to the Parks and Public Works Capital Fund (403) by an increase of $20,000. The total budget transfer would then total $150,000. REQUEST FOR COUNCIL ACTION Families, Fields and Fair __________________________ Meeting Date March 14, 2012 Agenda Item Consent F4 Attachment Submitted By Michelle Tesser, Assistant to the City Administrator The City That Soars! Item Acceptance of Source Comics and Games Donation Description Last year, the city held its first Movie in the Park event. This was a four year goal of the Parks Commission. This event was funded solely by Source Comics and Games. Again this year, the Source has provided a $500.00 donation to cover the licensing expense of the movie and rental of the movie equipment. The Movie in the Park event is scheduled for Friday, June 15th at Community Park starting at dusk. New this year, the event will also allow residents/non-residents to camp at our Community Park on Friday, June 15th . Reservations for camping will be required. The movie shown will be the PG animated movie The Muppets. Budget Impact None Attachment(s) N/A Action(s) Requested Staff recommends that the Falcon Heights City Council approve the $500.00 donation for the Movie in the Park event. REQUEST FOR COUNCIL ACTION Meeting Date March 14, 2012 Agenda Item Consent F5 Attachment Contractors’ quotes Submitted By Tim Pittman, Director of Public Works and Parks Families, Fields and Fair Item Description Sanitary Sewer Cleaning Program Background The City of Falcon Heights started a sanitary sewer cleaning /televising program in 2007. This is a rotating program every 3 years. Half of the sanitary sewer system was cleaned in 2008, the other half in 2009 followed by cleaning and televising the complete system in 2010. This year is the second half of the second rotation to be cleaned. This program has minimized, if not eliminated sewer backups that can be costly to the City of Falcon Heights. This program is also recommended by our liability insurer’s, The League of Minnesota Cities Insurance Trust. Quotes were received for the 2012 cleaning program by the following companies. American Environmental LLC $11,212.48 Visu-Sewer Inc. $18,485.44 Midwest Trenchless Technologies Inc. $11,818.56 Infratech Inc. $19,394.56 Budget Impact Monies have been allocated in the Sanitary Sewer Fund (601) for 2012 in the amount of $18,000.00. Attachment(s) Four quotes from companies. Action(s) Requested Staff recommends that the City of Falcon Heights City Council approve the agreement with American Environmental, LLC for the amount of $11,212.48. REQUEST FOR COUNCIL ACTION Families, Fields and Fair __________________________ Meeting Date March 14, 2012 Agenda Item Consent F6 Attachment Resolution 12-04 Submitted By Michelle Tesser, Assistant to the City Administrator The City That Soars! Item Reestablishing the Precinct Boundaries Description Every ten years after the release of census information and legislative districts have been redrawn, cities are required by Minn. Stat. § 204B.14, subd 3 to reexamine their precinct boundaries and polling locations no later than 19 weeks before the 2012 state primary. Cities are required to pass a resolution to change the election precinct boundaries and/or change election polling location or cities have the option to reestablish the existing precinct boundaries. Since the population in Falcon Heights has decreased city staff feels that the existing precinct boundaries and polling locations will be sufficient for the next ten years. Budget Impact None Attachment(s) N/A Action(s) Requested Staff recommends that the Falcon Heights City Council approve the reestablishment of the precinct boundaries and maintain the polling locations. CITY OF FALCON HEIGHTS COUNCIL RESOLUTION March 14, 2012 No. 12-04 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A RESOLUTION TO REESTABLISH PRECINICT BOUNDARIES CITY OF FALCON HEIGHTS WHEREAS, new legislative district boundaries were established on February 21, 2012; and, WHEREAS, Minn. Stat. § 204B.14, subd 3 requires each city to reestablish its precinct boundaries no later than 19 weeks before the 2012 state primary; and, WHEREAS, the changes in the legislative district boundaries will not require any adjustments to the existing precinct boundaries. THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, the City Council of the City of Falcon Heights hereby reestablishes the current precinct boundaries, effective on August 14, 2012; and, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the city clerk be instructed to send notice of this act to the Ramsey County Elections Office and the Minnesota secretary of state; and, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the city clerk be instructed to post a notice of this act. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Moved by: Approved by: ________________________ Peter Lindstrom, Mayor March 14, 2012 LINDSTROM ____ In Favor Attested by: ________________________ GOSLINE Bart Fischer HARRIS ____ Against City Administrator LONG March 14, 2012 MERCER-TAYLOR REQUEST FOR COUNCIL ACTION Families, Fields and Fair __________________________ Meeting Date March 14, 2012 Agenda Item Policy G1 Attachment Draft Tobacco Ordinance Amendment 12-01 Hookah Fact Sheet New Product Fact Sheet Submitted By Michelle Tesser, Assistant to the City Administrator The City That Soars! Item Tobacco Ordinance Amendment Description Ramsey Tobacco Coalition recently contacted the city about updating our tobacco ordinance. The coalition asked that we specifically look at adopting new tobacco product definition and prohibit sampling of tobacco products. Other cities that have recently adopted the new provisions are: St. Anthony, White Bear Township, Mounds View, St. Cloud, Golden Valley, Hopkins, Roseville and Little Canada. Staff has drafted the new ordinance language which is attached. Budget Impact None Attachment(s) Draft Tobacco Ordinance Amendment 12-01 Hookah Fact Sheet New Product Fact Sheet Action(s) Requested Staff recommends that the Falcon Heights City Council adopt the amended Tobacco Ordinance 12-01. ORDINANCE NO. 12-01 CITY OF FALCON HEIGHTS RAMSEY COUNTY, MINNESOTA AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE FALCON HEIGHTS CITY CODE CONCERNING TOBACCO THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FALCON HEIGHTS ORDAINS: SECTION 1: Section 14-292 of the Falcon Heights City Code is amended to provide: Purpose and Intent: Because the City recognizes that many persons under the age of 18 years purchase or otherwise obtain, possess and use tobacco, tobacco products, tobacco- related devices, and nicotine or lobelia delivery devices, and the sales, possession, and use are violations of both state and federal laws; and because studies, which the City hereby accepts and adopts, have shown that most smokers begin smoking before they have reached the age of 18 years and that those persons who reach the age of 18 years without having started smoking are significantly less likely to begin smoking; and because smoking has been shown to be the cause of several serious health problems which subsequently place a financial burden on all levels of government; this ordinance shall be intended to regulate the sale, possession and use of tobacco, tobacco products, tobacco-related devices, and nicotine or lobelia delivery devices for the purpose of enforcing and furthering existing laws, to protect minors against the serious effects associated with the illegal use of tobacco, tobacco products, tobacco-related devices, and nicotine or lobelia delivery devices, and to further the official public policy of the state in regard to preventing young people from starting to smoke as stated in M.S. § 144.391, as it may be amended from time to time. SECTION 2: Section 14-293 of the Falcon Heights City Code is amended to provide: Definitions: Except as may otherwise be provided or clearly implied by context, all terms shall be given their commonly accepted definitions. For the purpose of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning: (1) Compliance Checks. The system the City uses to investigate and ensure that those authorized to sell tobacco, tobacco products, tobacco-related devices, and nicotine or lobelia delivery devices are following and complying with the requirements of this ordinance. Compliance checks shall involve the use of 1 minors as authorized by this ordinance. Compliance checks shall also mean the use of minors who attempt to purchase tobacco, tobacco products, tobacco-related devices, or nicotine or lobelia delivery devices for educational, research and training purposes as authorized by state and federal laws. Compliance checks may also be conducted by other units of government for the purpose of enforcing appropriate federal, state or local laws and regulations relating to tobacco, tobacco products, tobacco-related devices, and nicotine or lobelia delivery devices. (2) Individually Packaged. The practice of selling any tobacco or tobacco product wrapped individually for sale. Individually wrapped tobacco and tobacco products shall include but not be limited to single cigarette packs, single bags or cans of loose tobacco in any form, and single cans or other packaging of snuff or chewing tobacco. Cartons or other packaging containing more than a single pack or other container as described in this definition shall not be considered individually packaged. (3) Indoor Area. All space between a floor and a ceiling that is bounded by walls, doorways, or windows, whether open or closed, covering more than 50 percent of the combined surface area of the vertical planes constituting the perimeter of the area. A wall includes any retractable divider, garage door, or other physical barrier, whether temporary or permanent. (4) Loosies. The common term used to refer to a single or individually packaged cigarette or any other tobacco product that has been removed from its packaging and sold individually. The term “loosies” does not include individual cigars with a retail price, before any sales taxes, of more than $2.00 per cigar. (5) Minor. Any natural person who has not yet reached the age of 18 years. (6) Moveable Place of Business. Any form of business operated out of a truck, van, automobile or other type of vehicle or transportable shelter and not a fixed address store front or other permanent type of structure authorized for sales transactions. (7) Nicotine or Lobelia Delivery Devices. Any product containing or delivering nicotine or lobelia intended for human consumption, or any part of such a product, that is not tobacco as defined in this section, not including any product that has been approved or otherwise certified for legal sale by the United States Food and Drug Administration for tobacco use cessation, harm reduction, or for other medical purposes, and is being marketed and sold solely for that approved purpose. (8) Retail Establishment. Any place of business where tobacco, tobacco products, tobacco-related devices, or nicotine or lobelia delivery devices are available for sale to the general public. The phrase shall include but not be limited to grocery stores, convenience stores, restaurants, and drug stores. 2 (9) Sale. Any transfer of goods for money, trade, barter or other consideration. (10) Self-Service Merchandising. Open displays of tobacco, tobacco products, tobacco-related devices, or nicotine or lobelia delivery devices in any manner where any person shall have access to the tobacco, tobacco products, tobacco- related devices, or nicotine or lobelia delivery devices, without the assistance or intervention of the licensee or the licensee's employee. The assistance or intervention shall entail the actual physical exchange of the tobacco, tobacco product, tobacco-related device, or nicotine or lobelia delivery device between the customer and the licensee or employee. Self-service sales are interpreted as being any sale where there is not an actual physical exchange of the product between the clerk and the customer. (11) Smoking. Inhaling or exhaling smoke from any lighted or heated cigar, cigarette, pipe, or any other lighted or heated tobacco or plant product. Smoking also includes carrying a lighted or heated cigar, cigarette, pipe, or any other lighted or heated tobacco or plant product intended for inhalation. (12) Tobacco or Tobacco Products. Tobacco and tobacco products includes cigarettes and any product containing, made, or derived from tobacco that is intended for human consumption, whether chewed, smoked, absorbed, dissolved, inhaled, snorted, sniffed, or ingested by any other means, or any component, part, or accessory of a tobacco product; cigars; cheroots; stogies; perique; granulated, plug cut, crimp cut, ready rubbed, and other smoking tobacco; snuff; snuff flour; cavendish; plug and twist tobacco; fine cut and other chewing tobaccos; shorts; refuse scraps, clippings, cuttings and sweepings of tobacco; and other kinds and forms of tobacco. Tobacco excludes any tobacco product that has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for sale as a tobacco cessation product, as a tobacco dependence product, or for other medical purposes, and is being marketed and sold solely for such an approved purpose. (13) Tobacco-Related Devices. Tobacco-related devices include any tobacco product as well as a pipe, rolling papers, ashtray, or other device intentionally designed or intended to be used in a manner which enables the chewing, sniffing or smoking of tobacco or tobacco products. (14) Vending Machine. Any mechanical, electric or electronic, or other type of device which dispenses tobacco, tobacco products or tobacco-related devices upon the insertion of money, tokens or other form of payment directly into the machine by the person seeking to purchase the tobacco, tobacco product or tobacco-related device. SECTION 3: Section 14-294 of the Falcon Heights City Code is amended to provide: 3 Sec. 14-294. License. (1) License required. No person shall sell or offer to sell any tobacco, tobacco products, tobacco-related device, or nicotine or lobelia delivery device without first having obtained a license to do so from the City. (2) Application. An application for a license to sell tobacco, tobacco products, tobacco-related devices, or nicotine or lobelia delivery devices shall be made on a form provided by the City. The application shall contain the full name of the applicant, the applicant's residential and business addresses and telephone numbers, the name of the business for which the license is sought, and any additional information the City deems necessary. Upon receipt of a completed application, the City Administrator shall forward the application to the City Council for action at its next regularly scheduled City Council meeting. If the City Administrator shall determine that an application is incomplete, he or she shall return the application to the applicant with notice of the information necessary to make the application complete. (3) Action. The City Council may either approve or deny the license, or it may delay action for a reasonable period of time as necessary to complete any investigation of the application or the applicant it deems necessary. If the City Council shall approve the license, the City Administrator shall issue the license to the applicant. If the City Council denies the license, notice of the denial shall be given to the applicant along with notice of the applicant's right to appeal the City Council's decision. (4) Term. The license is effective from January 1st to December 31st of each year. (5) Revocation or suspension. Any license issued under this section may be revoked or suspended as provided in Section 14-297. (6) Transfers. All licenses issued under this Chapter shall be valid only on the premises for which the license was issued and only for the person to whom the license was issued. No transfer of any license to another location or person shall be valid without the prior approval of the City Council. (7) Moveable place of business. No license shall be issued to a moveable place of business. Only fixed location businesses shall be eligible to be licensed under this section. (8) Display. All licenses shall be posted and displayed in plain view of the general public on the licensed premise. (9) Renewals. The renewal of a license issued under this section shall be handled in the same manner as the original application. 4 (10) Issuance as a privilege and not a right. The issuance of a license issued under this section shall be considered a privilege and not an absolute right of the applicant and shall not entitle the holder to an automatic renewal of the license. (11) Smoking. Smoking shall not be permitted and no person shall smoke within the indoor area of any retail establishment with a tobacco license. Smoking for the purposes of sampling tobacco and tobacco related products is prohibited. SECTION 4 Section 14-295 of the Falcon Heights City Code is amended to provide: Sec. 14-295. License Restrictions. It shall be a violation of this Chapter for any person to sell or offer to sell any tobacco, tobacco product, tobacco-related device, or nicotine or lobelia delivery device: (1) To any person under the age of 18 years. (2) By means of any type of vending machine. (3) By means of self-service methods whereby the customer does not need to a make a verbal or written request to an employee of the licensed premise in order to receive the tobacco, tobacco product, tobacco-related device, or nicotine or lobelia delivery device and whereby the there is not a physical exchange of the tobacco, tobacco product, tobacco-related device, or nicotine or lobelia delivery device between the licensee, or the licensee's employee, and the customer. (4) By means of loosies as defined in Section 14-293. (5) Containing opium, morphine, jimson weed, bella donna, strychnos, cocaine, marijuana, or other deleterious, hallucinogenic, toxic or controlled substances except nicotine and other substances found naturally in tobacco or added as part of an otherwise lawful manufacturing process. It is not the intention of this provision to ban the sale of lawfully manufactured cigarettes or other tobacco products. (6) By any other means, to any other person, on in any other manner or form prohibited by federal, state or other local law, ordinance provision, or other regulation. SECTION 5. Effective Date: This ordinance shall take effect from and after its passage. 5 6 ADOPTED this ______ day of ____________, 2012, by the City Council of Falcon Heights, Minnesota. CITY OF FALCON HEIGHTS BY: ____________________________ Peter Lindstrom, Mayor ATTEST: ___________________________________ Bart Fischer, City Administrator/Clerk Is hookah smoking prohibited indoors? The Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act (MCIAA) prohibits smoking in almost all indoor spaces. However, the MCIAA has an exemption for sampling of tobacco in tobacco shops. Hookah lounges are exploiting this loophole in the MCIAA by claiming the tobacco shop exemption. Local communities can chose to prohibit all sampling of tobacco. An ordinance prohibiting all sampling of tobacco would prohibit any tobacco shop or hookah lounge from allowing any smoking of tobacco on premises. Association for Nonsmokers-Minnesota • 651.646.3005 • www.ansrmn.org Popular tattoo artist and t-shirt designer Ed Hardy now manufactures hookah pipes and hookah accessories (shisha tobacco and coals)— a sure sign that hookah smoking is growing in popularity with the young adult/college student population. The hookah pictured above is an Ed Hardy design. How does hookah smoking compare to cigarette smoking? Hookah smokers inhale as much smoke from a typical hookah session as a cigarette smoker would inhale from 100-200 cigarettes. - Typical cigarette: 500-600 mL of inhaled smoke - Typical hookah session: 90,000 mL of inhaled smoke In a hookah, charcoal or wood cinders are used to burn the tobacco. This method adds health risks as burning charcoal and wood cinders release CO and heavy metals. To make matters worse, many hookah lounges in the U.S. use “quick lighting” charcoal which releases more CO than traditional charcoal. Hookah tobacco is burned using charcoal or wood embers. This method of burning releases CO and heavy metals. Sources: 1. American Lung Association. 2. World Health Organization. 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 4. Cobb, L, et al. Am J Health Behavior 2010;34(3):275-285 Does hookah pose a fire risk? Hookah tobacco is heated using red hot coals or embers. These coals are often kept in an open indoor fire pit, which is a fire hazard. How do hookah “lounges” work? Hookah is usually smoked in a social setting. Hookah lounges or bars are run much like a café. Customers sit down and order a flavor of hookah tobacco from a menu. The hookah pipe is then prepared and “served” to the customers, who smoke the hookah on site. A typical hookah session lasts between 30-90 minutes. 8/23/2011 This publication has been made possible by funding from the Minnesota Department of Health’s Tobacco Prevention and Control Program through its Tobacco-Free Communities grant program. Newsletter Date Volume 1, Issue 1 New Tobacco Products 2395 University Avenue W • Suite 310 • St. Paul • MN • 55114 • 651.646.3005 Camel Dissolvable Tobacco Products RJ Reynolds began test-marketing dissolvable tobacco products in early 2009. These products dissolve when placed in the mouth, releasing nicotine. Users do no need to spit when using this prod- uct. Three varieties of dissolvable tobacco will eventually be avail- able nationwide: • Camel Orbs — Two styles: Fresh and Mild — 15 orbs per package — Lasts about 10 to 15 minutes; 1 milligram of nicotine each • Camel Sticks — One style: Mellow — 10 sticks per package — Lasts about 20-30 minutes; 3.1 milligrams of nicotine each • Camel Strips — One style: Fresh — 20 strips per package — Lasts about 2-3 minutes; 0.6 milligrams of nicotine each The average smoker takes in 1 milligram of nicotine per cigarette. So, the sticks pack quite a dose of nicotine. Currently, these prod- ucts are being test-marketed. It is unclear when these products will hit Minnesota. Camel Dissolvable Tobacco Products Source: http://tobaccoproducts.org/index.php/Camel_Sticks,_Camel_Orbs_and_ Camel_Strips <9/30/09> Camel Snus Camel Snus is a smokeless, spitless tobacco product. Small pouches filled with tobacco are placed between the gum and lip where nicotine can be absorbed. Market-testing on Snus began in select cities in April, 2006. Market-testing in Minneapolis and St. Paul began in May, 2008. Snus was released Nationwide in 2009. Snus is currently sold in 15 pouch tins (see picture). Each pouch delivers 2.4 milligrams of nicotine. Snus is available in the following flavors: Frost, Mellow, Robust, and Winterchill. RJ Reynolds markets Snus as “Pleasure for Whenever”— suggesting that the product can be discreetly used where other tobacco products can’t. Snus is currently available in only two flavors: Frost and Mellow. Pictured are Snus tins and the tobacco pouches found inside. Source: http://tobaccoproducts.org/index.php/Camel_Snus#_note-0 <9/30/09> 2395 University Avenue W • Suite 310 • St. Paul • MN • 55114 • 651.646.3005 Camel Crush Camel Crush is a “customizable” cigarette. There is a small blue bead in the filter that a smoker can squeeze to release menthol flavoring into the cigarette. In this way, smokers can switch from a regular cigarette to a menthol cigarette with the simple squeeze of the filter. Menthol cigarettes are most popular with youth and Afri- can Americans. Source: http://www.tobaccoproducts.org/index.php/Camel_Crush <9/30/09> Camel Crush Package Up close view of menthol bead found in Camel Crush filters Little Filtered Cigars These little “cigars” are really just cheap ciga- rettes. They look and feel like cigarettes with one exception, they have a small amount of tobacco in the rolling paper. They are, therefore, able to be called cigars and can avoid cigarette taxes. As a result, these products are extremely cheap ($1.59-$2.50 per pack) compared to approxi- mately $6 per pack for cigarettes. These prod- ucts are likely appealing to youth and low-income as these groups are price sensitive. Remington Filter Cigars in Full Flavor Remington ad found at a St. Paul, MN store in July, 2009. Notice the similarity to the famous Obama promotional poster. 02/02/2011 E-Cigarettes E-cigarettes are electronic nicotine delivery devices. These devices do not contain any tobacco. Users inhale a nicotine infused vapor. Not much is known about the health impact of these devices. A number of companies manufacture e-cigarettes. As of 2010, Minnesota law prohibits the sale of e- cigarettes to minors. E-cigarette user exhaling nicotine vapor. REQUEST FOR COUNCIL ACTION Families, Fields and Fair __________________________ Meeting Date March 14, 2012 Agenda Item Policy G2 Attachment Draft Ordinance 12-02 Coal Based Publication Submitted By Deborah Jones, Staff Liaison to the Environment Commission The City That Soars! Item Coal Tar Sealant Ordinance Description The Falcon Heights Environment Commission recommends adoption of an ordinance regulating products for the sealing of driveways within the City of Falcon Heights, in order to protect, restore, and preserve the quality of its water. The United States Geological Service has recognized coal tar based pavement sealants as a significant source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in urban areas. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2009), PAHs are of environmental concern because several are toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and/or teratogenic (causing birth defects) to aquatic life, and seven are probable human carcinogens. PAHs are introduced into the environment when sealant is worn off paved surfaces by rain, friction from tires, foot traffic – anything that causes wear to the surface. Although coal-tar based sealants are no longer widely found in stores, they are still available, often marketed door-to-door by driveway contractors, according to the City of Roseville's staff report, May, 2011. Asphalt-based sealants are derived from petroleum and are not known to pose the risk of PAH contamination. The draft presented here is based on a model ordinance from the League of Minnesota Cities. Other local communities, including White Bear Lake, Maplewood and Roseville, have adopted similar ordinances. This ordinance is consistent with the objectives of the City of Falcon Heights Water Resource Management Plan. Budget Impact None Attachment(s)  Draft Ordinance 12-02 regulating products for the sealing of driveway.  "Coal-Tar-Based Pavement Sealcoat, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Environmental Health," a publication of the U.S. Geological Survey Action(s) Requested Staff recommends that the Falcon Heights City Council approve Ordinance 12-02. ORDINANCE NO. 12-02 CITY OF FALCON HEIGHTS RAMSEY COUNTY, MINNESOTA AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE FALCON HEIGHTS CITY CODE REGULATING THE USE OF COAL TAR-BASED SEALER PRODUCTS THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FALCON HEIGHTS ORDAINS: Section 1. Chapter 22 of the Falcon Heights City Code is amended by adding Article IV to read: Article IV - REGULATION OF COAL TAR-BASED SEALER PRODUCTS 22-55 PURPOSE. The City of Falcon Heights understands that lakes, rivers, streams and other bodies of water are natural assets which enhance the environmental, recreational, cultural and economic resources and contribute to the general health and welfare of the community. The use of sealers on asphalt driveways is a common practice. However, scientific studies on the use of driveway sealers have demonstrated a relationship between stormwater runoff and certain health and environmental concerns. The purpose of this code section is to regulate the use of sealer products within the City of Falcon Heights, in order to protect, restore, and preserve the quality of its waters. 22-56 DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this code section, the following definitions shall apply unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning: ASPHALT-BASED SEALER. A petroleum-based sealer material that is commonly used on driveways, parking lots, and other surfaces and which does not contain coal tar. COAL TAR. A byproduct of the process used to refine coal. COAL TAR-BASED SEALER. A sealer material containing coal tar and is for use on an asphalt or concrete surface, including a driveway or parking area. MPCA. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 161009v01 RNK:11/16/2011 1 PAHs. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. A group of organic chemicals formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, or other organic substances. Present in coal tar and believed harmful to humans, fish, and other aquatic life. UNDILUTED COAL TAR-BASED SEALER. A sealer material containing coal tar that has not been mixed with asphalt and which is commonly used on driveways, parking lots and other surfaces. 22-57 USE OF COAL TAR-BASED SEALER PROHIBITED. A. No person shall apply any coal tar-based sealer to any driveway, parking lot, or other surface within the City. B. No person shall contract with any commercial sealer product applicator, residential or commercial developer, or any other person for the application of any coal tar-based sealer to any driveway, parking lot, or other surface within the City. C. No commercial sealer product applicator, residential or commercial developer, or other similar individual or organization shall direct any employee, independent contractor, volunteer, or other person to apply any coal tar-based sealer to any driveway, parking lot, or other surface within the City. A person who owns property on which a coal tar-based sealer is used is presumed to have used a coal tar-based sealer in violation of this section. 22-58 ASPHALT-BASED SEALCOAT PRODUCTS. The provisions of this code section shall only apply to use of coal tar-based sealer in the City and shall not affect the use of asphalt-based sealer products within the City. 22-59 EXEMPTION. Upon the express written approval from both the City and the MPCA, a person conducting bona fide research on the effects of undiluted coal tar- based sealer products or PAHs on the environment shall be exempt from the prohibitions provided in Section 3. Section 2. This ordinance is effective immediately upon its passage and publication. 161009v01 RNK:11/16/2011 2 161009v01 RNK:11/16/2011 3 ADOPTED this ______ day of ____________, 2012, by the City Council of Falcon Heights, Minnesota. CITY OF FALCON HEIGHTS BY: ______________________________ Peter Lindstrom, Mayor ATTEST: ___________________________________ Bart Fischer, City Administrator/Clerk U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011–3010 February 2011 Coal-Tar-Based Pavement Sealcoat, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Environmental Health Printed on recycled paper Key Findings • Dust from pavement with coal-tar-based sealcoat has greatly elevated PAH concentrations compared to dust from unsealed pavement. • Coal-tar-based sealcoat is the largest source of PAH contamination to 40 urban lakes studied, accounting for one-half of all PAH inputs. • Coal-tar-based sealcoat use is the primary cause of upward trends in PAHs, since the 1960s, in urban lake sediment. • Residences adjacent to parking lots with coal-tar-based sealcoat have PAH concentrations in house dust that are 25 times higher than those in house dust in residences adjacent to parking lots without coal-tar- based sealcoat. • PAHs move from a sealcoated surface into our environment by many mechanisms: storm runoff, adhesion to tires, wind, foot traffic, and volatilization. Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have identified coal-tar-based sealcoat—the black, viscous liquid sprayed or painted on asphalt pavement such as parking lots—as a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in urban areas for large parts of the Nation. Several PAHs are suspected human carcinogens and are toxic to aquatic life. Sealcoat is the black, viscous liquid sprayed or painted on the asphalt pavement of many parking lots, driveways, and playgrounds. Asphalt Tracking Adhesion Volatilization Wind Runoff Sealant Original graphic courtesy of Aaron Hicks, City of Austin, Texas. How does Sealcoat get from Driveways and Parking Lots into Streams and Lakes, Homes, and the Air? Friction from vehicle tires abrades pavement sealcoat into small particles. These particles are washed off pavement by rain and carried down storm drains and into streams. Other sealcoat particles adhere to vehicle tires and are transported to other surfaces, blown offsite by wind, or tracked indoors on the soles of shoes. Some of the PAHs in sealcoat volatilize (evaporate), which is why sealed parking lots and driveways frequently give off a “mothball” smell. Sealcoat wear is visible in high traffic areas within a few months after application, and sealcoat manufacturers recommend reapplication every 2 to 4 years. Gray asphalt pavement shows through where sealcoat has worn off the driveway of an apartment complex. What are Sealcoat, PAHs, and Coal Tar? Pavement sealcoat (also called sealant) is a black liquid that is sprayed or painted on some asphalt pavement. It is marketed as protecting and beautifying the underlying pavement, and is used commercially and by homeowners across the Nation. It is applied to parking lots associated with commercial businesses, apartment and condominium complexes, churches, schools, and business parks, to residential driveways, and even to some playgrounds. Most sealcoat products have a coal-tar-pitch or asphalt (oil) base. Coal-tar-based sealcoat is commonly used in the central, southern, and eastern United States, and asphalt-based sealcoat is commonly used in the western United States. PAHs are a group of chemical compounds that form whenever anything with a carbon base is burned, from wood and gasoline to cigarettes and meat. PAHs also are in objects and materials, such as automobile tires and coal tar, the production of which involves the heating of carbon-based materials. PAHs are of environmental concern because several are toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and/or teratogenic (causing birth defects) to aquatic life, and seven are probable human carcinogens (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009). Coal tar is a byproduct of the coking of coal for the steel industry and coal-tar pitch is the residue remaining after the distillation of coal tar. Coal-tar pitch is 50 percent or more PAHs by weight and is known to cause cancer in humans (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1980). Coal- tar-based sealcoat products typically are 20 to 35 percent coal-tar pitch. Product analyses indicate that coal-tar-based sealcoat products contain about 1,000 times more PAHs than sealcoat products with an asphalt base (City of Austin, 2005). Runoff from sealcoated pavement (black surface) enters storm drains that lead to local streams. Drain grate (inset) is marked “DUMP NO WASTE” and “DRAINS TO WATERWAYS.” Does product type really matter? PAH concentra- tions in the coal-tar-based sealcoat product are about 1,000 times higher than in the asphalt-based product (more than 50,000 milligrams per kilogram [mg/kg] in coal-tar-based products and 50 mg/kg in asphalt- based products [City of Austin, 2005]). Anecdotal reports, such as Web sites, blogs, and comments by industry representatives, indicate that the coal- tar-based product is used predominantly east of the Continental Divide and the asphalt-based product is used predominantly west of the Continental Divide. During 2007–08, the USGS swept dust from seal- coated and unsealcoated parking lots in nine cities across the United States and analyzed the dust for PAHs. For six cities in the central and eastern United States, the median PAH concentration in dust from sealcoated parking lots was 2,200 mg/kg, about 1,000 times higher than in dust from sealcoated parking lots in the western United States, where the median concentration was 2.1 mg/kg. Although both product types are available nationally, these results confirm the regional difference in use patterns (Van Metre and others, 2009). PAHs are increasing in urban lakes across the United States. To better understand why this might be happening, USGS scientists collected sedi- ment cores from 40 lakes in cities from Anchorage, Alaska, to Orlando, Florida, analyzed the cores for PAHs, and determined the contribution of PAHs from many different sources by using a chemical mass- balance model. The model is based on differences in the chemical “fingerprint” of PAHs from each source. Coal-tar-based sealcoat accounted for one-half of all PAHs in the lakes, on average, while vehicle-related sources accounted for about one-fourth. Lakes with a large contribution of PAHs from sealcoat tended to have high PAH concentrations; in many cases, at levels that can be harmful to aquatic life. Analysis of historical trends in PAH sources to 8 of the 40 lakes indicates that sealcoat use is the primary cause of increases in PAH concentrations since the 1960s. Identifying where PAHs are coming from is essential for developing environmental management strategies (Van Metre and Mahler, 2010). Concentrations of PAHs in dust swept from sealed parking lots in central and eastern U.S. cities, where coal-tar-based-sealcoat use dominates, were about 1,000 times higher than in western U.S. cities, where asphalt-based-sealcoat use dominates. Concentrations shown on the map are the sum of 12 PAHs, in milligrams per kilogram (Van Metre and others, 2009). The East-West Divide Regional Product Use Translates to Large Differences in PAH Concentrations “Fingerprinting” Shows that Coal-Tar Sealant is the Largest Source of PAHs to Urban Lakes 5.2 <13 2.1 570 3,200 3,400 3,200 1,300 2,000 C o n t i n e n t a l Divide Seattle Portland Salt Lake City Austin Minneapolis ChicagoDetroit Washington, D.C. New Haven Coal-tar-based sealcoat (orange symbol) is the largest contributor to increasing concentrations of PAHs in Lake Killarney, Orlando, Florida, as determined by chemical fingerprinting. Similar patterns were seen in lakes across the central and eastern United States (Van Metre and Mahler, 2010). 0 20 40 60 80 100 19301950197019902010 Coal-tar-based sealcoat Vehicle-related sources Wood combustion TOTAL PAH CONCENTRATION, INMILLIGRAMS PER KILOGRAM DATE SEDIMENT DEPOSITED Fuel oil combustion Coal combustion House dust is an important source for human exposure to many contaminants, including PAHs. This is particularly true for small children, who spend time on the floor and put their hands and objects into their mouths. In 2008, the USGS measured PAHs in house dust from 23 ground-floor apartments and in dust from the apartment parking lots. Apartments with parking lots with coal-tar-based sealcoat had PAH concentrations in house dust that were 25 times higher, on average, than concentrations in house dust from apartments with parking lots with other surface types (concrete, unsealed asphalt, and asphalt-based sealcoat). PAH concentrations in the dust from the parking lots with coal-tar-based sealcoat were 530 times higher, on average, than concentrations on the parking lots with other surface types. There are no U.S. health-based guidelines for chronic exposure to PAHs in house dust. The only existing guideline is for a single PAH—benzo[a]- pyrene—issued by the German Federal Environment Agency Indoor Air Hygiene Commission (Hansen and Volland, 1998). The guideline advises minimiz- ing exposure to concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene greater than 10 mg/kg in dust to avoid adverse health effects. That guideline was exceeded for 4 of the 11 apartments with coal-tar-sealcoated parking lots and for 1 of the 12 apartments with a parking lot with a different surface type. Also of concern is expo- sure to the sealcoated pavement surfaces themselves through play activities. Dust on some of the seal- coated parking lots had a concentration of benzo[a]- pyrene that was more than 50 times higher than the German guideline. From Outside to Inside Coal-Tar Pavement Sealant Linked to PAHs in House Dust What about other sources of PAHs? Although tobacco smoking, candle and incense burning, and barbecue and fireplace use have been suggested to affect PAH concentrations in house dust, this study found no relation between any of these, or the many other factors considered, and PAH concentrations in the house dust. The presence or absence of coal-tar- based sealcoat on the apartment complex parking lot was strongly correlated with PAH concentrations in house dust; the only other variable that was related to PAH concentrations in house dust was urban land-use intensity (the percentage of land near the apartment dedicated to multifamily residential, commercial, office, warehouse, or streets) (Mahler and others, 2010). Photograph obtained from Jupiter Images. Photograph courtesy of CLEARCorps, Durham, North Carolina. Apartments with coal-tar-based sealcoat on the parking lot had much higher concentrations of PAHs, both in indoor dust and in parking lot dust, than apartments with an unsealed asphalt or concrete parking lot or with a parking lot with asphalt-based sealcoat. Concentrations shown are for the sum of the 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutant PAHs (Mahler and others, 2010), in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). 9.0 mg/kg No coal-tar sealcoat 5.1 mg/kg Coal-tar sealcoat 129 mg/kg 4,760 mg/kg Our Environment and Us What are the Concerns? Some PAHs are toxic to mammals (including humans), birds, fish, amphibians (such as frogs and salamanders), and plants. The aquatic inverte- brates—insects and other small creatures that live in streams and lakes—are particularly susceptible to PAH contamination, especially those that live in the mud where PAHs tend to accumulate. These inver- tebrates are an important part of the food chain and are often monitored as indicators of stream quality (analogous to the “canary in the coal mine” con- cept). Possible adverse effects of PAHs on aquatic invertebrates include inhibited reproduction, delayed emergence, sediment avoidance, and mortality. Pos- sible adverse effects on fish include fin erosion, liver abnormalities, cataracts, and immune system impair- ments. The Probable Effect Concentration (PEC) of 22.8 mg/kg of total PAHs (MacDonald and others, 2000)—a widely used sediment quality guideline that is the concentration in bed sediment expected to have harmful effects on bottom-dwelling biota—is exceeded in one-third of the central and eastern U.S. urban lakes where PAH sources were studied. Tumors in brown bullhead catfish from the Anacostia River, Washington, D.C., are believed to be related to elevated PAH concentrations (Pinkney and others, 2009). Photograph by A.E. Pinkney. When turned over, red spotted newts that had been exposed to sediment contaminated with coal-tar-based sealcoat had difficulty righting themselves (Bommarito and others, 2010b). Poor reflexes could result in decreased survival. Photograph by Megan Gibbons, Birmingham- Southern College. Skin contact is one way humans can be exposed to PAHs. Parking lots and driveways with coal-tar-based sealcoat have concentrations of PAHs hundreds to thousands of times higher than those with asphalt-based sealcoat or no sealcoat. Photograph obtained from Corbis Images, Inc. Human health risk from environmental con- taminants usually is evaluated in terms of exposure pathways. For example, people could potentially be exposed to PAHs in sealcoat through ingestion of abraded particles from driveways, parking lots, or play grounds, or through skin contact with the abraded particles, either directly or by touching toys or other objects that have been in contact with the pavement. Inhalation of wind-blown particles and of fumes that volatilize from sealed parking lots are other possible pathways. PAHs in streams and lakes rarely pose a human health risk from contact recre- ation or drinking water because of their tendency to attach to sediment rather than to dissolve in water. Scientific studies have shown a relation between coal-tar-based pavement sealcoat and harmful effects on aquatic life. • Aquatic communities downstream from storm- water runoff from sealcoated parking lots were impaired (Scoggins and others, 2007). • Salamanders and newts exposed to sediment contaminated with coal-tar-based sealcoat had stunted growth, difficulty swimming or righting themselves, and liver problems (Bommarito and others, 2010a, b). • Frogs exposed to sediment contaminated with coal-tar-based sealcoat died, had stunted growth, or developed more slowly than usual (Bryer and others, 2006). FAQ Q) What is coal tar? A) Coal tar is a thick, black or brown liquid that is a byproduct of the carbonization of coal for the steel industry or the gasification of coal to make coal gas. Q) What is the difference between crude coal tar, coal-tar pitch, and “refined” coal tar? A) Coal-tar pitch is the residue that remains after various light oils are distilled from crude coal tar for commercial use. The coal-tar pitch is then separated (refined) into 12 different viscosities, RT–1 (the most fluid) through RT–12 (the most viscous). RT–12 is the viscosity used in coal-tar-based pavement sealcoat. Q) How can I tell if a product contains coal tar? A) To determine if the product has a coal-tar base, look for the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number 65996–93–2 on the product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). The words “coal tar,” “refined coal tar,” “refined tar,” “refined coal-tar pitch,” or other similar terms may be listed on the MSDS or on the product container. Q) Is sealcoat used on roads? A) Use on roads is extremely rare. Occasionally a private property, such as a housing development, will choose to have the roads sealcoated. Q) Is use of coal-tar-based sealant regulated? A) Several jurisdictions, including the City of Austin, Texas, the City of Washington, D.C., Dane County, Wisconsin, and several suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota, have banned use of coal-tar-based sealcoat. Similar bans are under consideration in other jurisdictions. References Bommarito, T., Sparling, D.W., and Halbrook, R.S., 2010a, Toxicity of coal-tar pavement sealants and ultraviolet radia- tion to Ambystoma Maculatum: Ecotoxicology, v. 19, no. 6, p. 1,147–1,156. Bommarito, T., Sparling, D.W., and Halbrook, R.S., 2010b, Toxicity of coal-tar and asphalt sealants to eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens: Chemosphere, v. 81, no. 2, p. 187–193. Bryer, P.J., Elliott, J.N., and Willingham, E.J., 2006, The effects of coal tar based pavement sealer on amphibian development and metamorphosis: Ecotoxicology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 241–247. City of Austin, 2005, PAHs in Austin, Texas, sediments and coal-tar based pavement sealants: Watershed Protection Department, 55 p., accessed September 14, 2010, at http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/watershed/downloads/coaltar_ draft_pah_study.pdf. Hansen, D., and Volland, G., 1998, Study about the contamina- tion of PAH in rooms with tar parquetry adhesive: Otto-Graf- Journal, v. 9, p. 48–60. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1980, Coal tars and coal tar pitches: accessed September 14, 2010, at http:// ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s048coal.pdf. MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G., and Berger, T.A., 2000, Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 39, p. 20–31. Mahler, B.J., Van Metre, P.C., Wilson, J.T., Musgrove, M., Burbank, T.L., Ennis, T.E., and Bashara, T.J., 2010, Coal-tar- based parking lot sealcoat—An unrecognized source of PAH to settled house dust: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 44, p. 894–900. Pinkney, A.E., Harshbarger, J.C., and Rutter, M.A., 2009, Tumors in brown bullheads in the Chesapeake Bay water- shed—Analysis of survey data from 1992 through 2006: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 21, p. 71–81. Scoggins, M., McClintock, N., Gosselink, L., and Bryer, P., 2007, Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons below coal-tar-sealed parking lots and effects on stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities: Journal of the North Ameri- can Benthological Society, v. 26, no. 4, p. 694–707. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): accessed September 14, 2010, at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/index.cfm. Van Metre, P.C., and Mahler, B.J., 2010, Contribution of PAHs from coal-tar pavement sealcoat and other sources to 40 U.S. lakes: Science of the Total Environment, v. 409, p. 334–344. Van Metre, P.C., Mahler, B.J., and Wilson, J.T., 2009, PAHs underfoot—Contaminated dust from coal-tar sealcoated pavement is widespread in the United States: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 43, no. 1, p. 20–25. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. —B.J. Mahler and P.C. Van Metre For more information on USGS research on PAHs and coal-tar-based sealcoat go to http://tx.usgs.gov/coring/ allthingssealcoat.html. Publishing support provided by Lafayette Publishing Service Center