HomeMy WebLinkAboutEC Packet 3.9.2026City of Falcon Heights
Environment Commission
City Hall
2077 Larpenteur Avenue West
AGENDA
Monday, March 9, 2026
6:30 p.m.
A. CALL TO ORDER: 6:30 p.m.
B. ROLL CALL: Adam Keester (Chair) ____ David Smith ____
John Pellegrini (Vice-Chair) ____ Monika Chandler ____
Nuz Sanidad (Secretary) ____ Erica Bjelland ____
Beth Mercer-Taylor ____
Staff Liaison Myhren ____
Council Liaison May ____
C. APPROVAL OF AGENDA
D. APPROVAL OF MINUTES
1. January 12, 2026 – Regular Meeting
2. February 2, 2026 – Joint Meeting with Parks and Recreation Commission
E. NEW BUSINESS
1. Lawn & Garden Tours
2. Sustainability Fair Update and Volunteer Sign-Ups
3. Climate Action Plan / Energy Action Plan Implementation Subcommittee
4. Community Advisory Committee – Les Bolstad Golf Course Redevelopment
F. INFORMATION AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
1. Staff Liaison Report
2. Council Liaison Report
G. ADJOURN
Next regular meeting date: April 13, 2026
City of Falcon Heights
Environment Commission
City Hall
2077 Larpenteur Avenue West
Minutes
Monday, January 12, 2026
6:30 p.m.
A. CALL TO ORDER: 6:30 p.m.
B. ROLL CALL: Beth Mercer-Taylor (Chair) _A_ Georgiana May _X_
John Pellegrini (Vice-Chair) _X_ David Smith _X_
Adam Keester _X_ Nuz Sanidad _X_
Monika Chandler _X_
Staff Liaison Lynch _X_
Council Liaison Mielke _X_
C. APPROVAL OF AGENDA
Commissioner Pellegrini made a motion to approve the agenda. Motion passed by consent.
D. APPROVAL OF MINUTES
1. December 8, 2025
Commissioner Pellegrini made a motion to approve the December 8, 2025 minutes. Motion
passed by consent.
E. NEW BUSINESS
1. Review of Officer Positions and 2026 Officer Elections
Staff Liaison Lynch went through the duties of each officer position, including Chair,
Vice-Chair, and Secretary. Commissioner Pellegrini nominated Commissioner Keester
for Chair, Commissioner Keester nominated Commissioner Pellegrini for Vice-Chair, and
Commissioner Nuz nominated herself for Secretary. A vote was taken and all were in
favor of these appointments.
2. Adoption of the Standing Rules
Commissioners discussed the draft of the standing rules. Suggested changes included
adding “current and future” after “regarding” on #4 of duties and responsibilities,
removing #5, and removing “excluding the Planning Commission” under “Membership
Terms and Organization.” A vote was taken to approve the Standing Rules with the
suggested changes. All were in favor.
3. 2026 Environment Commission Schedule, Goals, and Priorities
Commissioners discussed 2026 goals and priorities. Along with previously drafted goals,
additional goals added included choosing an “Invasive Plant of the Year” to write articles
in the Nature Newsflash about, and forming a climate action subcommittee to work on
Climate Action Plan and Energy Action Plan implementation.
4. Climate Action Plan and Energy Action Plan Review
Commissioners looked through the current implementation progress for the Climate
Action Plan and Energy Action Plan. Commissioner Keester suggested creating a
climate action subcommittee to work closer on these goals and strategies. Commissioners
agreed to this and suggested reaching out to residents previously on the different teams
who drafted these plans. One topic that was discussed was partnering with the
Minnesota State Fair on a joint energy or sustainability project. Commissioners
discussed a tree project, but agreed the Environment Commission would likely need to
come up with the project entirely and look into funding potentials before reaching out to
the State Fair with their proposal.
F. INFORMATION AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
1. Staff Liaison Report
Staff Liaison Lynch gave an update on the Les Bolstad Golf Course RFP issued by the
University of Minnesota. She stated the RFP has closed and submissions have been received.
City Staff and the City’s selected consultant were able to review the plans only, but they are
classified information at this time. The University is currently reviewing the proposals and
will narrow the submissions down to those they would like to interview.
Staff Liaison Lynch also informed Commissioners that the February meeting would be a joint
meeting with the Parks and Recreation Commission to discuss the community garden, and
the March meeting would be a joint meeting with the City of Lauderdale’s Environment
Commission to discuss the Sustainability Fair.
G. Adjourn
Commissioner Pellegrini made a motion to adjourn the meeting. Meeting was adjourned by
consent at 7:57 p.m.
Next meeting date: February 2, 2026 – Joint with Parks and Recreation Commission
City of Falcon Heights
Joint Meeting
Environment Commission
Parks & Recreation Commission
City Hall
2077 Larpenteur Avenue West
Minutes
Monday, February 2, 2026
6:30 p.m.
A. CALL TO ORDER: 6:30 p.m.
A. ROLL CALL: Adam Keester (Chair) _X_ David Smith _X_
John Pellegrini (Vice-Chair) _X_ Beth Mercer-Taylor _X_
Nuz Sanidad (Secretary)_X_ Erica Bjelland _X_
Monika Chandler _A_
Eric Brenton (Chair) _X_ Robert Haight _X_
Tom Faust (Vice-Chair) _A_ Jerry Buckridge _X_
Joe Morseth (Secretary) _X_ Naomi Loud Heinsch _X_
Staff Liaison Lynch _X_
Staff Liaison Nelson _X_
Council Liaison May _X_
Council Liaison Gustafson _X_
B. APPROVAL OF AGENDA
C. APPROVAL OF MINUTES – Moved to item D, after joint meeting.
1. January 12, 2026
This item was tabled to the March meeting due to it being accidentally omitted from the
packet.
D. NEW BUSINESS
1. In Common Commission Goals
Staff Liaison Nelson explained the goal of this joint meeting is to foster partnership and
discuss common goals between the two commissions, namely the potential for expanding
community garden plots. She explained that currently there are 38 garden plots, with 20
gardened by Falcon Heights residents, 16 gardened by non-residents, and two are
currently open. Previously a wait list was used for open plots, but this year the City will
be moving to a lottery system that will open on February 4.
Commissioners discussed the cost to support the current plots, the cost of adding a water
line to Curtiss Field (currently budgeted at $10,000, specifically for a water fountain),
the potential of adding plots at City Hall, and ensuring those without yard space have
access to plots. Issues were brought up around Curtiss Field flooding and the potential of
taking away from the existing recreational area.
Staff Liaison Lynch explained the Climate Action Plan has as one of its goals, to
“Increase production of local food, particularly serving low-income and food-insecure
individuals.” Two action items for this goal include, “Identify and map potential sites for
community gardens or farms, prioritizing underserved populations and food-insecure
areas. Include parks and public lands, and collaborate with parters to implement garden
locations,” and “Establish a ‘Grow Falcon Heights’ program to expand community
garden plots and create a market garden that offers youth training and internships.”
The Commissions discussed forming a subcommittee to focus on the location, need, and
goals for additional plots, pending the results of how many lottery submissions are
received.
2. Weatherization Workshop / Sustainability Fair Update
Staff Liaison Lynch explained the Environment Commission has previously discussed
holding a Weatherization Workshop at City Hall as a standalone event. She spoke with
Partners in Energy who would be assisting with this event, and they mentioned having
difficulty with attendance due to today’s political climate within the Twin Cities. Due to
this, it has been suggested to move the Weatherization Workshop to the Sustainability
Fair on April 18 as one of the “talks” during the Fair. Partners in Energy and the
Citizens Utility Board will also be tabling organizations.
Commissioners discussed ideas for more events/tablers during the Sustainability Fair.
Commissioner Mercer-Taylor offered to table as a Master Naturalist to discuss the
“Invasive Plant of the Year,” creeping bellflower. University students in attendance also
discussed having a table for an art project allowing residents to draw out their ideas and
feelings for the future of the City of Falcon Heights, possibly focusing on the Les Bolstad
Golf Course.
Other ideas for the Sustainability Fair included several Commissioners bringing their
electric vehicles for attendants to view, having a boulevard tree sign-up at the Falcon
Heights Environment Commission table, having sign-ups for the Lawn and Garden
Tours event in the summer, and compost buckets.
E. INFORMATION AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
1. Staff Liaison Report – None.
2. Council Liaison Report – Council Liaison May explained she is “learning the ropes” as far
as being a new Council Liaison. Commissioner Mercer-Taylor asked for an update on the Les
Bolstad Golf Course. Staff Liaison Lynch explained the University is in the process of
reviewing submissions to their RFP and has pushed out interviews by a couple of weeks. She
stated the Board of Regents would not be reviewing these at their February meeting, and it
would likely be the April meeting or a meeting during the summer.
F. Adjourn
Chair Keester made a motion to adjourn the meeting. Meeting was adjourned by consent at 8:27
PM.
Next meeting date: March 9, 2026 – Joint with City of Lauderdale Environment Commission
REQUEST FOR DISCUSSION
City of Falcon Heights, Minnesota
__________________________
Item Lawn & Garden Tours
Description
The Environment Commission has expressed interest in again hosting the Lawn &
Garden Tours in 2026. The City will be putting out a printed newsletter shortly,
sending it to all residents in the City, and it would be good to have an advertisement in
the newsletter for the Tours. The deadline is fast approaching for the newsletter, so the
Environment Commission should decide on a final date for the Lawn & Garden Tours
now.
A few notes to consider regarding the date –
• Last year it was thought that advertising for Ice Cream Social, which was the
same week, interfered with advertising for the Lawn & Garden Tours. The Ice
Cream Social is currently scheduled for Thursday, July 16, 2026.
• The thought process around the date last year was to hold the Tours on the same
date as the Lawns to Legumes Tours. The Lawns to Legumes Tours are being
held on Saturday, July 18, 2026 from 9 am – 12 pm. If we want to schedule
our tours for the same day, we will potentially run into the same issue with Ice
Cream Social.
Budget Impact N/A
Attachment(s) N/A
Action(s)
Requested
Staff requests Environment Commission discuss the Lawn & Garden Tours date.
Meeting Date March 9, 2026
Agenda Item E-1
Attachment N/A
Submitted By Hannah Lynch, Community Development
Coordinator / Planner
REQUEST FOR DISCUSSION
City of Falcon Heights, Minnesota
__________________________
Item Sustainability Fair Update & Volunteer Sign-Ups
Description
The City’s 2nd Sustainability Fair is being held on Saturday, April 18 from 11 AM-2
PM. Below is a list of the vendors and tablers currently attending, along with a couple
of tentative tablers:
• RePowered – Electronics Recycling
• EcoShred – Paper Shredding
• Retold Recycling – Textile Recycling – We should have a commercial cargo
van to fill this year.
• Home Energy Squad – Gerardo will also be doing the Electrification
Workshop at 12 PM.
• Minnesota Tool Library – Will just have a table in the main room this year
rather than being in the conference room.
• Clean Energy Resource Teams – Olivia Seibert will be tabling for CERTs this
year.
• CapRegion Watershed District
• The Bicycle Chain – Will bring an e-bike or two to share.
• Ramsey County Garden Education (previously known as Ramsey County
Master Gardeners)
• Gibbs Farm
• Adopt-A-Drain – Adopt-A-Drain will not actually be attending, but I am going
to be picking up a kit from them for a table along with a large bean bag toss
game.
• Xcel Energy / Partners In Energy
• Citizens Utility Board of MN – Will bring an induction stove; will also
possibly be holding a drawing to win the induction stove.
• MN Master Naturalist – Beth Mercer-Taylor will be our tabler and sharing
about creeping bellflower.
• GreenSteps – Will be bringing a Climate Pollution Quiz and the
“Electrification Operation” game.
• UMN Students – Will have two tables (one for information, one for art project)
– Encouraging residents to draw out their feelings in art form regarding the
past, present, and future of Falcon Heights and their homes. Will be
sustainability-focused.
• Lauderdale Environment Commission – Will have two tables – Currently
working on a Climate Action Plan and will be soliciting feedback about that.
Meeting Date March 9, 2026
Agenda Item E-2
Attachment Volunteer Jobs & Sign-Up Form
Submitted By Hannah Lynch, Community Development
Coordinator / Planner
• Falcon Heights Environment Commission – This will serve as our “check in”
table. Commissioners here will be handing out bingo cards and food scraps
buckets.
• TENTATIVE YES – Ramsey County Recycling Ambassadors – The
Environmental Center has an event on the same day, so they will let me know
in the next week or two if they will be able to attend.
• TENTATIVE YES – Saint Paul Regional Water
Now that the tablers and vendors are relatively set, we need to sign up volunteers.
Please review the sign-up sheet and job descriptions and sign up for a shift. We will
just be doing two shifts this year. The first shift will be required to be there at 10:30
AM to assist with set up and the second shift will go until 2:30 PM to assist with
cleaning up. This form will be sent to Lauderdale for their Commissioners to sign up as
well.
Budget Impact N/A
Attachment(s) - Volunteer Jobs and Sign-Up Form
Action(s)
Requested
Staff requests Environment Commissioners to sign up for a volunteer shift at the
Sustainability Fair, if possible.
Jobs
Shift 1 (10:30 AM - 12:30 PM)
All of Shift 1 will attend the morning meeting at 10:30
AM and help set up before moving to your stations.
The event begins at 11:00 AM.
Shift 2 (12:30 PM - 2:30 PM)
All of Shift 2 will be expected to help clean up after the event
ends at 2:00 PM.
Direct Cars (Spot 1) (One person per shift)
Spot 1 is located at the Larpenteur entrance to City
Hall. This will be to ensure cars are not trying to
park here (unless they need accessible parking)
and direct cars to electronics recycling, paper
shredding, and textile recycling.
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Direct Cars (Spot 2) (One person per shift)
Spot 2 is located further down the driveway from
the Larpenteur entrance to further direct cars to
their destinations.
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Direct Cars (Spot 3) (One person per shift)
Spot 3 is located on the drive directly by City Hall,
north of the food scraps bin, to direct people to
textile recycling, parking at the Blaze overflow lot,
or back around to textiles and electronics.
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Direct Cars (Spot 4) (One person per shift)
Spot 4 will be at the exit onto Prior Ave to prevent
cars from entering from Prior Ave, direct cars to
parking at the Blaze overflow lot, and to textile
recycling.
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
FH EC Table (Two people per shift)
FH Environment Commissioner to remain at the FH
EC table to answer questions. This will be a general
"check in" table for the event. Will also be
responsible for checking bingo cards and handing
out food scraps bins.
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
FH EC Table
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Lauderdale EC Table (Two people per shift)
Lauderdale Environment Commissioner to remain
at the Lauderdale EC table to answer questions and
gather feedback regarding the Lauderdale Climate
Action Plan.
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Lauderdale EC Table
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Textile Shredding (Manual Labor) (Two people per
shift)
We need people here to be able to lift large garbage
bags of textiles into a commercial cargo van and
ensure they are placed to ensure the maximum
amount of bags can be placed inside.
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Volunteer Shifts & Sign-Up Sheet
Textile Shredding (Manual Labor)
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Paper Shredding (Manual Labor) (Two people per
shift)
This person will assist with people removing bags
and/or boxes of paper from their vehicles and
taking them to the shredding bins.
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Paper Shredding (Manual Labor)
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Floater (Indoors) (One person per shift)
This person should float throughout the tables
indoors to answer questions, direct people to
restrooms/snacks/different booths, and fill in
where needed.
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Floater (Outdoors) (One person per shift)
This person should float outdoors to answer
questions and fill in when volunteers need to take a
break.
Name:
Email:
Phone:
Name:
Email:
Phone:
REQUEST FOR DISCUSSION
City of Falcon Heights, Minnesota
__________________________
Item Climate Action Plan / Energy Action Plan Implementation Subcommittee
Description
One of the Environment Commission’s goals for 2026 was to form a subcommittee to
look at implementation of the City’s Climate Action Plan and Energy Action Plan. As
we move forward in the year, it is time to revisit this and discuss the formation of this
subcommittee, timing for meetings, members, and potential goals for the
subcommittee.
Budget Impact N/A
Attachment(s) • Climate Action Plan
• Climate Action Plan – Work Plan
• Energy Action Plan
• Energy Action Plan – Actions
Action(s)
Requested
Staff requests Environment Commission discuss the implementation subcommittee
formation, timing for meetings, and possibly members to reach out to.
Meeting Date March 9, 2026
Agenda Item E-3
Attachment See below.
Submitted By Hannah Lynch, Community Development
Coordinator / Planner
Climate
Action Plan
A Collaborative Community Vision
May 2025
i -1 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Table of Contents
Plan At A Glance (summary) i-2
Introduction 1-1
Introduction
Planning Process
Climate Change Impacts
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
Plan Framework
GHG Reduction Goal
Plan Impacts
The Plan 2-1
Transportation and Land Use
Buildings and Energy
Waste Management
Water and Wastewater
Local Food and Agriculture
Greenspace and Ecosystems
Implementation 3-1
What You Can Do 4-1
Appendix A References A-1
Appendix B Potential Cumulative Community Cost
and Savings from Plan Implementation B-1
Appendix C Abbreviations and Glossary of Terms C-1
Appendix D Acknowledgements D-1
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | i -2
BY 2035 BY 2050
6 Sectors
(Click icon to view)
Transportation
Buildings/Energy
Waste
Water
Food
Greenspace
Achieving GHG Emission Reductions of
53% 5% 40% 15% 8%
lower GHG*
emissions
fewer VMT**
increase in
public transit
registered
EVs***
increase in
45% 22% 5% 45% 20%
lower GHG*
emissions
clean
electricity
less electricity
use
less fuel
combustion
fuel switching
from fossil
5% 5% Increased Increased
less water use
reduction in
wastewater
stormwater
resilience
water
restoration
20% 10% 10% 10%
lower GHG*
emissions
less solid
waste
more organics
diversion
more recycling
diversion
Increased Increased Decreased
access to local
food
production of
local food
hunger and
food waste
11% 15% 10%
more tree
canopy cover
less turf, more
native grass
less dark
impervious
surfaces
focused on 23 Strategies
12,894
Metric tons (MT CO2e) in 2023 from vehicle use citywide
19,681
Metric tons (MT CO2e) in 2023 from building energy citywide
881
Metric tons (MT CO2e) in 2023 from solid waste citywide
To reduce our
GHG* emissions
...and enhance our
Climate Resilience
Extreme Heat / Weather
Flooding
Air Quality
Food Insecurity
Infrastructure Failure
Plan At A Glance
* Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG)
** Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
*** Electric Vehicle (EV)
1 -1 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Click here to return to TOC
Falcon Heights has long been a leader in environmental stewardship,
embracing sustainability as a core value of our community. Over the
years, the City has adopted forward-thinking “green” practices—
becoming one of Minnesota’s ffrst GreenStep Cities in 2009 and
pioneering projects like a 40 kW solar installation on City Hall in 2012,
community gardens, a native plant ordinance, and LED streetlight
upgrades. This strong foundation reifects a commitment to a high
quality of life through sustainable infrastructure and conservation.
Climate Emergency Resolution
Climate change is already impacting Falcon Heights, bringing warmer
winters, hotter summers, and extreme weather. The City Council
responded by unanimously declaring a Climate Emergency in January
2023, committing Falcon Heights to urgent action and a just
transition. This Climate Action Plan (CAP), supported by a Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency grant, is a key step in meeting that
commitment.
Current Initiatives and Partnerships
Building on our strong foundation, Falcon Heights now holds Step 5
recognition in the GreenStep Cities program, reifecting ongoing
leadership in energy savings, waste reduction, and sustainability. The
City is also a Charging Smart community, recognized for electric
vehicle readiness. With Xcel Energy, we’ve launched an Energy Action
Plan to cut emissions—progress driven by residents and businesses.
Falcon Heights collaborates with Ramsey County and nearby cities on
recycling, composting, and resilience projects, and engages residents
through events like the 2025 Sustainability Fair. These efforts show
what’s possible when our community works together for a sustainable
future.
A Vision for the Future
This CAP outlines a clear path to a low-carbon, resilient future. It sets
ambitious goals aligned with Minnesota’s climate targets—cutting
emissions 47% by 2035 and reaching net zero emissions by 2050.
Shaped by public input, the plan calls on everyone—residents,
businesses, and partners—to play a role. Together, we can protect
what we value today and create a thriving, resilient Falcon Heights for
generations to come.
QUICK FACTS
19,681
Metric tons (MT CO2e) in 2023 from building energy citywide
12,894
Metric tons (MT CO2e) in 2023 from vehicle use citywide
881
Metric tons (MT CO2e) in 2023 from solid waste citywide
Click here to return to TOC
Introduction
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 1-2
Co-Benefits of Climate Action
Planning
The World Health Organization reports growing evidence that climate
policies can deliver both cost savings and signiffcant health
improvements. Community actions to cut greenhouse gas emissions
in sectors like housing, transportation, and energy create multiple co-
beneffts beyond mitigating climate change. These include cleaner air,
better public health, reduced health risks, greater resource elficiency,
stronger local economies, and increased resilience of ecosystems and
infrastructure.1,2,3,4 These outcomes not only improve quality of life and
natural resources but also generate ffnancial gains.
Positive Financial Impacts
Many climate actions offer direct ffnancial beneffts, such as lower fuel
costs, and indirect savings, particularly from improved air quality.
Research shows that health and air pollution beneffts can offset much
of the cost of these initiatives.5 Additional savings come from
increased resilience, such as reduced reliance on fossil fuels—valued
locally at $141 per metric ton (MT) of greenhouse gas reductions.6,7,8
Health beneffts may be even greater, with estimates ranging from $50
to $380 per MT of GHG reduced globally.9
Improved Quality of Life
Implementing climate action plans like this one can enhance quality of
life by expanding mobility options, creating jobs, and reducing poverty
and inequality.10 These co-beneffts strengthen community well-being
as we address climate challenges.
Improved Natural Resources
Taking action on climate change also helps protect ecosystems that
provide essential services.11 For example, expanding Falcon Heights'
tree canopy to meet this plan’s goals could increase the annual
economic value of community trees by up to $22,500. Other strategies
will improve residents’ access to green spaces, supporting both
environmental health and quality of life.12
Common Co-Benefits of
Climate Planning
Reduced Costs
Improved Energy Resilience
Reduced Pollution
Safer Streets
Improved Community Resilience
Protected / Enhanced Ecosystems
Improved Mobility
Improved Quality of Life
1 -3 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Planning Process
The Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan was developed collaboratively with a 31 -member planning team,
including community members, businesses, institutions, City commissions, and Falcon Heights staff. The
planning team considered, created, and reviewed strategies and actions for each of the sectors included in this
plan (see Plan Framework). The team participated in planning workshops from January to April 2025. The
process included community engagement including community-wide surveys and input meetings and events.
Goals and actions were shaped by community feedback, expert analysis, and best practices from other
Minnesota and U.S. cities. Through workshops, the team reffned and prioritized strategies, resulting in a co -
authored plan that reifects the voices of Falcon Heights.
Research Based Climate Action Plan
To establish the plan’s goals, strategies, and actions, the planning team conducted extensive research and
produced several key assessments. These included studies on climate vulnerability, ground cover and tree
canopy, greenhouse gas emissions, and renewable, or “clean” energy potential, providing critical data on
climate risks, carbon sequestration, emissions trends, and solar opportunities. A ffnal Climate Action Baseline
Study synthesized these ffndings, reviewed key community metrics, and outlined preliminary sector-speciffc
goals to guide planning discussions. Click on the icons below to view these documents:
9 months
Planning
timeframe
100+
Community
members
engaged
2
Community
meetings and
events
2
Online
community input
surveys
31
Planning team
members
5
Foundational
research
documents
Climate Action
Baseline Study
Climate Vulnerability
Assessment
Community-Wide
GHG Inventory
Ground Cover, Tree
Canopy & Carbon
Sequestration Study
Community-Wide
Renewable Energy
Potential Study
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 1-4
What We Heard
Community input was gathered through two
surveys with over 75 responses from residents and
businesses.13 The flrst gathered climate concerns
and action ideas; the second collected feedback on
draft strategies. This input shaped the plan to
refiect local priorities.
It is important for Falcon Heights to take action to
prepare for the projected impacts of climate change. 83%
It is important for Falcon Heights to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
It is important for Falcon Heights to be a leader in proactively addressing climate change.
The City’s Role in Climate Action
Respondents reported that they agree or strongly agree …
Key Themes
Key themes that emerged from the community included:
Support for Municipal
Action and Leadership
84% of respondents are
concerned about climate change.
Additionally, 83% support the City
preparing for impacts, 82% back
reducing emissions, and 74% want
Falcon Heights to lead on climate.
Clean
Energy
79% support rental
properties meeting
energy elficiency
standards to reduce
costs while 67%
support incentives for
elficiency and solar
readiness, and 61%
support solar
installation incentives.
For Additional Information
(click icon)
Survey Summary
Impacts on
Vulnerable
Populations
Over 80% of
respondents are
concerned about
climate change risks
to vulnerable groups.
82%
74%
Protect
Resources
84% are
concerned
about air quality, 82%
about impacts on
ecosystems, and 77%
about risks to clean
water.
How concerned are you about
climate change?
Climate Experience
91% have noticed signs
of climate change
71% have been
personally impacted
1 -5 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Photo: Mick Richards
Climate change is a global issue with serious local impacts. Scientists
agree that rising greenhouse gas emissions are destabilizing Earth’s
climate. Twenty-four of the 25 hottest years on record have occurred
since 2000. In Minnesota, much of the state has warmed nearly 3°F
over the past century, causing drier soils and a 20% increase in heavy
rain events.14,15,16
Climate Change in Falcon Heights
Falcon Heights is already experiencing these changes. Between 1980
and 2018, the city saw rising average temperatures, more days above
95°F, more heavy rain events, and fewer days below 32°F.17,18 One of
the most notable shifts is in precipitation patterns. While overall annual
precipitation has increased, the change is uneven. Fall and winter
precipitation rose up to 15.5%, while spring and summer levels
remained largely unchanged.19
2024
2023
2016
2020
2019
2017
2015
2022
2018
2021
2014
2010
2005
2013
2007
2009
2012
2006
2002
2003
1998
2011
2008
2001
2004
The Hottest
25 Hottest Global
Years on Record27
Climate Change
Impacts
Climate Projections for Falcon Heights7
Over their lifetime, a child
in Falcon Heights can
expect:20,21
Climate Conditions Baseline Mid-Century
(2050 average) End of Century
(2100 average)
Average Daily Maximum
Temperature 55° F 62°F 62°F - 67°F
Number of Days Per Year
with Maximum > 95° F 2 23 23 - 52
Number of Days Per Year
With Minimum < 32° F 154 131 130 - 107
Change in Growing,
Allergy, & Tick/Mosquito
Season22,23 9 days 23 days 24-37 days
Average Annual
Precipitation 24 26" 32” 28-35”
Increase in Heavy
Precipitation Events
(Days with > 1" Rainfall) N/A 27% 27-55%
Air Conditioning Demand
(Cooling Degree Days) 700 1500 1500-2200
Heat Related Increase In
Per Capita Electricity25 N/A 36% 36-53%
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 1-6
For Additional Information
(click icon)
Vulnerability
Falcon Heights’ Climate Risks
The anticipated climate changes in Falcon Heights over the next few
decades pose potential risks to residents, with certain populations—
such as children, seniors, and individuals with disabilities—being more
vulnerable to these impacts. Below are some of the most notable
risks to the community.7
Extreme Heat and Weather
Certain individuals face higher risks of stress, health
issues, or even death from extreme weather events like
severe storms, hail, heavy rain events, and heat waves.26,27
Susceptibility to heat stress increases with pre-existing
conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, as well as
demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors
like land cover.
Flooding
The latest National Climate Assessment shows that heavy
precipitation events are already on the rise across the U.S.
and in Minnesota. These intense rainfall events are
expected to continue increasing throughout the state. The
growing frequency of both extreme and total precipitation
is likely to contribute to more frequent over-bank ifooding
(river and lake ifooding) and ifash ifoods.
Air Quality
Climate change is anticipated to impact air quality through
various channels, including higher levels of allergens and
pollen, increased regional ozone concentrations, greater
risks of smoke from wildffres, and elevated particulate
pollution and dust.
Food Insecurity
Climate change is likely to destabilize cropping systems,
interrupt transportation networks, and trigger food
shortages and spikes in food cost.
Infrastructure / Power Failure
Extreme weather events, ifooding, ifash ifooding, and the
growing daily challenges from climate variability all pose
risks to the stability of our aging infrastructure. Power
outages, road damage, bridge collapses, and water
system failures are signiffcant physical climate risks to the
community, particularly for those most vulnerable to
climate impacts.
1 -7 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Measuring, tracking, and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is essential for effective climate action.
Understanding our emissions helps us focus efforts on minimizing our community's climate impact.
In Falcon Heights, community-wide emissions decreased from 37,466 MT CO₂e in 2019 to 33,457 MT CO₂e
in 2023, a reduction of nearly 11%.6
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
2022 GHG EMISSIONS IN Falcon Heights 6
12,894 12,514 7,168 881
MT CO2e from
transportation
MT CO2e from natural
gas
MT CO2e from
electricity
MT CO2e from solid
waste
38.5% 37.4% 21.4% 2.6%
Total Vehicle Miles
Traveled (VMT):
27,333,000
Gasoline consumed
(est):
1,035,911 gallons
Diesel fuel
consumed (est):
398,464
Electric Vehicle (EV)
share of total:
2.7%
Non-residential
therms used:
1,186,300
Residential therms
used:
1,175,347
Non-residential kWh
used:
17,215,000
Residential kWh
used:
12,964,000
Customer-owned
clean energy share:
0.58%
Total solid waste
generated:
6,160 tons
Solid waste
landfflled:
669 tons
Solid waste used for
waste-to-energy:
2,330 tons
Solid waste recycled:
1,936 tons
Organic solid waste
recycled/composted:
1,224 tons
Inside The Numbers:
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 1-8
For Additional Information
(click icon)
GHG Inventory
The City’s total emissions for 2023
are equal to 656 Million cubic feet
of human-made greenhouse gas.
This volume of atmosphere is
equal to a cube 869 feet on each
face shown here west of Snelling
on Larpenteur Ave as viewed from
Como Avenue from over 1.5 miles
away.
How Large Are The Citywide GHG Emissions?
Emissions Per Capita
Eagan, MN
Edina, MN
St Paul, MN
North Mankato, MN
Minneapolis, MN
Warren, MN
New Brighton, MN
Maplewood, MN
Winona, MN
Woodbury, MN
Falcon Heights, MN
How Do We Stack Up?
Falcon Heights emits 6.73
MT CO₂e per person,
signiffcantly below the U.S.
average of 20.7 MT CO₂e.6
The chart on the left
compares Falcon Heights'
emissions to other
Minnesota communities.
1 -9 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
The plan guides Falcon Heights’ municipal operations and citywide climate action, covering GHG reductions and
climate resilience. It includes an implementation section and six sectors, each with goals and detailed actions for
implementation.
Plan Framework
Transportation and Land Use
Strengthening Falcon Heights’ mobility
resilience while reducing emissions and
environmental impacts.
Sector Strategies:
Buildings and Energy
Increasing building resilience through
energy elficiency, clean energy adoption,
and decreased on-site fuel use.
Sector Strategies:
Waste Management
Reducing GHG emissions by increasing
recycling and organic diversion, and
decreasing overall waste.
Sector Strategies:
Water and Wastewater
Decreasing water consumption and
wastewater effects while improving
resilience to ifooding and stormwater.
Sector Strategies:
Local Food and Agriculture
Strengthening the resilience, accessibility,
and security of the community’s local food
system.
Sector Strategies:
Greenspace and Ecosystems
Encouraging community adaptation by
increasing green infrastructure and
strengthening ecosystem resilience.
Sector Strategies:
• Reducing vehicle use
• Increasing public transit use
• Increasing population density (within already
developed land)
• Increasing zero emission vehicle registration
• Increasing community “EV Readiness”
• Reducing energy use
• Switching from fossil fuel combustion
• Increasing clean energy use
• Reducing amount of solid waste produced
• Recycling more of our waste
• Sending less organic waste to landfflls
• Using less water
• Preparing for more and heavier rainfall
• Keeping water clean and protecting it
• Making it easier to get locally grown food
• Growing more food in the community
• Cutting down on food waste and reducing hunger
• Planting more trees to increase shade and tree
coverage
• Planting more pollinator-friendly native plants
instead of lawns
• Reducing the amount of pavement
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FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 1-10
This plan aligns with science-based greenhouse gas reduction
targets to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre -industrial
levels. Meeting this target would greatly reduce climate risks and
impacts.29,30 The CAP sets both interim and long-term goals.
City of Falcon Heights’ GHG interim
reduction goal:
“To reduce citywide
GHG emissions by 47%
below 2019 levels by
2035.”*
City of Falcon Heights’ long-term
GHG goal:
“To achieve net zero
emissions by 2050.”**
This citywide goal guides sector-speciffc strategies. Sector goals
aim to evenly distribute greenhouse gas reductions and meet the
community's overall emissions targets. They are designed to be
achievable yet ambitious, surpassing business-as-usual
outcomes.
* Goal aligns with IPCC recommended reduction targets which use 2019
as the baseline year31
** A community, business, institution, or building that produces the
same amount of energy it consumes through renewable GHG emission-
free sources (“clean energy”), resulting in zero net emissions over a year.
See Glossary of Terms for more information.
Long-Term Goal
Interim Goal
Burnsville
Reduce community-wide
GHG emissions 40% below
2005 levels by 2030 and 80%
below 2005 levels by 2050.
Eagan
To reduce community-wide
GHG emissions 55% below
2014 levels by 2035, and net
zero emissions by 2050 .
Edina
To reduce community-wide
GHG emissions 45% below
2019 levels by 2030, and net
zero emissions by 2050 .
Maplewood
Reducing greenhouse gas
emissions to 20 percent of
the City’s 2015 baseline
levels by 2050
(an 80 percent reduction).
Minneapolis
100% renewable energy for
city operations by 2022 and
citywide electricity by 2030.
New Brighton
To reduce community-wide
GHG emissions 42% below
2013 levels by 2030, and
achieve carbon neutrality by
2050 .
St Louis Park
100% renewable electricity
citywide by 2030, carbon
neutrality by 2040.
St Paul
Carbon neutral municipal
operations by 2030, carbon
neutral citywide by 2050.
GHG Reduction
Goal
Survey of Peer Community
Carbon Reduction Goals
1 -11 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
This plan includes strategies and actions designed to reduce emissions over the
long term. Their potential impact has been modeled using projections for
reduced energy and fuel use. The modeling also accounts for expected adoption
rates of clean energy and low- or zero-emission transportation options. From
this modeling, we know that with the successful implementation of the
strategies outlined in this CAP, citywide annual GHG emissions are projected to
drop to 19,892 MT CO2e by 2035, a 46.9% decrease below 2019 levels. The
potential cumulative GHG emissions reductions over the 10 year
implementation period are estimated at over 42,498 MT CO2e. This is equal to
the elimination of over 834 million cubic feet of greenhouse gases by 2035.6
Plan Impacts
Business-as-usual Reductions
Mobile Combustion Reductions
Electricity Reductions
Stationary Combustion Reductions
Solid Waste Reductions
Remaining Annual Emissions
Note: Reductions Achieved refer to emissions reductions that
have occurred since 2014 based on the City of Falcon Heights
Community GHG Inventory. 'Business-as-usual' (BAU)
Reductions are anticipated reductions resulting from existing
requirements or commitments, such as federal vehicle fuel
elficiency standards and electric utility carbon-reduction
commitments, which are outside the scope of this plan.
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 1-12
Potential Economic Savings
Below is an estimate of the cumulative
community-wide economic savings potential
of implementing the plan through 2035.
=
+
+
+
Transportation Economic Potential*:
Sector Savings: $9,517,233
Sector Cost Increases: -$1,564,585
Potential Sector Net Cost Savings:
$7,952,649
Buildings and Energy Economic Potential*:
Sector Savings: $3,526,485
Sector Cost Increases: -$2,543,594
Potential Sector Net Cost Savings:
$982,892
Waste Reduction Economic Potential*:
Residential Savings: $463,869
Commercial Savings: $1,531,208
Potential Sector Net Cost Savings:
$1,995,078
Social Cost of Avoided Carbon:
$6,002,051
Estimated Localized Social Cost of
Carbon:
$141
Cumulative Community Savings Potential:
$16,932,669
* Estimated community-wide costs and savings are
calculated based on achieving goal statements and are
not calculated on an individual action basis. Values do not
include economic potential of job creation and new
business potential represented in the plan actions. See
Appendix for a detailed illustration of how cumulative
costs and savings are arrived at.
2 -1 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Transportation is energy- and resource-intensive. Beyond road vehicles,
off-road equipment (such as construction machinery and gas-powered
lawn mowers) also burns signiffcant fossil fuel. Globally, transportation
accounts for nearly one-third of all energy use and roughly one-quarter of
energy-related carbon emissions.1 In Falcon Heights, transportation
contributes about 38% of the city’s greenhouse gas emissions.2 As
electricity gets cleaner, transportation’s share of emissions could grow—
making it a key focus for climate action.
There are many ways to make transportation more sustainable while
improving quality of life and equity, including:
• Shared and Public Transportation: Riding together on buses, trains, or
carpools means fewer single-occupancy cars on the road. This cuts
tralfic and pollution while improving access to transportation for
everyone.
• Bicycle-sharing stations like Nice Ride Minnesota offer a clean and active
way to get around. Encouraging walking, biking, or e-scooter use
reduces air pollution and improves public health.
• Electric Vehicles and Clean Fuels: Transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs)
and renewable fuels can dramatically reduce transportation emissions.
EVs produce no tailpipe pollution, improving air quality for everyone.
The Link Between Land Use and Transportation Emissions
Transportation emission strategies often focus on technology and low -
carbon fuels, but studies show smart growth and compact development
are also key. Denser, well-planned communities reduce driving and
support more energy-elficient housing. In the 125 largest U.S. urban areas,
a 10% increase in population density could cut CO₂ emissions by 4.8%
from travel and 3.5% from residential energy use.3
The Plan:
Transportation and Land Use
QUICK FACTS
38.5%
of community-wide GHG
emissions in 2023 from
transportation
27,333,000
Vehicle Miles Traveled in
2023
45.9%
Commuters drove alone
in 2023
10.3%
Commuters use public
transit
87
Battery Electric Vehicles
(BEV) registered in 2023
Click here to return to TOC
For More Information (click icon):
Vulnerability GHG Inventory Renewable Ground Cover
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 2-2
TRANSPORTATION AND L AND USE
TL 1- 1
Adopt and implement a Living Streets policy.
(Note: Living Streets are green, multimodal streets that
enhance walking and biking conditions, safety, and
neighborhood livability while reducing environmental
impacts and maintenance costs.)
TL 1- 2
Create an Active Mobility Plan emphasizing multimodal
transportation, transit access, bike/pedestrian safety, and
infrastructure improvements. Prioritize protected bike lanes.
Review Ramsey County’s bike/pedestrian plan and partner
with adjacent communities, the University of Minnesota and
State Fair on connected routes.
TL 1- 3
Establish a policy for a Transportation Demand
Management (TDM) plan, which includes a transit
component, applicable to all new developments and
redevelopments projects.
TL 1- 4
Collaborate with partners on a branded campaign and
incentives to promote alternative transportation, focusing
on short trips and equity-driven support for bike and eBike
adoption.
TL 1- 5
Develop and distribute a resident-focused brochure through
landlords that highlights local parks, transit options, bike
and walk routes, sustainability resources, waste and
recycling programs, clean energy opportunities, and related
incentives, including links to the current City information.
In 2023, Falcon Heights’ total
vehicle miles traveled (VMT) was
27.3 million miles. VMT rose 1%
from 2014 to 2019 but then fell,
ending 2023 20% below 2014
levels.2
Reducing VMT by 5% would
eliminate 1.7 million miles and cut
annual greenhouse gas emissions
by over 640 MT CO₂e4,5 Expanding
safe, accessible bike and walking
routes to schools, shops, and
recreation areas can help reduce
vehicle use for daily trips.
Decrease community-
wide Vehicle Miles
Traveled (VMT) by 5% by
2035.
STRATEGY TL1: ACTIONS
TL 2- 1
Collaborate with Metro Transit and partners to secure
funding for free or reduced fares for Falcon Heights
residents and expand transit access through fare
reductions, Bus Rapid Transit, and other strategies.
TL 2- 2
Collaborate with Metro Transit and partners to enhance bus
stop infrastructure according to industry best practices,
including pullouts, shelters, and safe pedestrian crossings.
TL 2- 3
Partner with Metro Transit and others to develop and
distribute educational materials about public transit options
and resources
TL 2- 4
Work with local businesses to promote and expand Metro
Transit's Guaranteed Ride Home and Employer Sponsored
Pass programs for employees and students
Increase public transit
commuter ridership 4% by
2035.
STRATEGY TL2: ACTIONS
Strategy Co-Beneffts
Since 2013, Falcon Heights' 6,100
workers have averaged a 19.9-
minute commute. About 97%
commute in from outside the city,
while 87% of employed residents
work elsewhere.6,7 With vehicle
operating costs at $0.81 per mile,
each 1% shift to public transit
could reduce driving by 273,000
miles and save commuters over
$200,000 annually.8
Strategy Co-Beneffts
2 -3 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
TRANSPORTATION AND L AND USE
Increase average
population per developed
acre by 8% by 2035.
STRATEGY TL3:
Increase battery electric
vehicle (BEV) use to 15%
of vehicles on the road by
2035.
STRATEGY TL4:
TL 3- 1
Amend zoning ordinances to support higher-density,
walkable neighborhoods by increasing building heights,
allowing approved densities, encouraging Accessory
Dwelling Units (ADUs), promoting Transit-Oriented
Development (TOD) near transit stations, and supporting
mixed-use developments.
TL 3- 2
Use the Comprehensive Plan process to identify vacant or
underutilized land suitable for higher-density development,
walkability improvements, transit access, or greenspace.
TL 3- 3
Attract and support mixed-use, multimodal redevelopment
projects on priority sites identiffed through the
Comprehensive Plan.
ACTIONS
TL 4- 1
Collaborate with Xcel Energy and partners to expand
incentives for electric vehicles (EVs), residential chargers,
and eBike adoption, including low-cost loan or bulk-
purchase programs to reduce costs.
TL 4- 2
Provide information to the community through workshops,
an EV guide, and enhanced website content highlighting EV
technology, incentives, and available programs.
TL 4- 3
Partner with Ramsey County Environmental Health to host
and promote a Falcon Heights EV Fair, providing education,
test drives, and vendor interaction.
TL 4- 4
Through trash hauler permitting, promote or require ifeet
elficiency improvements such as fuel-elficient practices,
optimized routing, zero-emission vehicles or low-emission
fuels, and advanced technologies. Include a provision for
annual reporting on progress.
ACTIONS
The city has 875 acres of developed
land, covering 61% of its total area
and supporting 5,232 residents—an
average of 6 residents per developed
acre.9,10 Falcon Heights’ population
could grow by up to 12.8% by 2035.18
Research shows that every 1%
increase in population-weighted
urban density reduces household
travel CO₂ emissions by 0.12% to
0.48%.3,11 Zoning policies and
incentives that promote higher
density in developed areas, while
ensuring affordable housing and
preventing gentriffcation, can help
reduce citywide emissions.*
Strategy Co-Beneffts
Shifting vehicles communitywide from
fossil fuels to low- and zero-emission
alternatives is key to cutting long-term
emissions. Electric vehicles (EVs)
reduce vehicle emissions by 50–70%,
with battery production impacts offset
within two years.12
Falcon Heights has about 3,200
vehicles but only 87 battery electric
vehicles (BEVs) as of January 2024.4,13
Nationally, EV sales have grown ffvefold
in three years, showing strong potential
for local adoption.14 Each 1% shift to
EVs in the city could reduce annual
emissions by up to 112 MT CO₂e, even
with added electricity use.2,5
Strategy Co-Beneffts
* Note: a signiffcant portion of vacant land within the boundary of Falcon Heights
is owned by the Minnesota State Fair and University of Minnesota over which
the City does not have jurisdictional control.
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 2-4
TRANSPORTATION AND L AND USE
TL 5- 1
Implement an "EV Ready" building ordinance for new
developments that includes EV charging infrastructure and
dedicated parking.
TL 5- 2
Create an Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Readiness Plan that
assesses current and future charging needs, maps existing
stations, identiffes expansion opportunities in public,
commercial, and multi-family residential areas, and
prioritizes equitable access in low/moderate-income
neighborhoods.
TL 5- 3 Promote funding opportunities and resources for local
businesses to provide electric vehicle charging stations.
TL 5- 4
Identify an existing or develop and distribute an "EV Ready
Guide" with building readiness standards and ifeet
conversion resources.
Make the community “EV-
ready” with electric vehicle
charging stations in every
public and private parking
lot or ramp by 2030.
STRATEGY TL5: ACTIONS
TL 6- 1
Conduct phased ifeet analyses to transition to electric and
alternative fuel vehicles and equipment. Identify
replacements, infrastructure requirements, and facility
upgrades.
TL 6- 2
Adopt a policy for new City ifeet vehicles to be electric or
use low/no-carbon fuels by 2030 for light-duty and by 2040
for medium/heavy-duty vehicles.
TL 6- 3 Implement and enforce a city operations anti-idling policy of
combustion vehicles.
TL 6- 4
Create an "Eco Driving Guide" to promote fuel elficiency,
distribute it to City employees, include it in new employee
training, and make it available to Falcon Heights residents
and businesses.
Convert 100% of the
municipal non-emergency
ifeet and equipment to EVs
and improve remaining
combustion vehicle fuel
elficiency by 10% by 2035.
STRATEGY TL6: ACTIONS
As a core climate action strategy,
communities are prioritizing EV
readiness by expanding Level 2 and
DC fast charging infrastructure
across public and private parking
areas. This widespread access
reduces range anxiety, increases EV
adoption, and cuts transportation
emissions.15 Beneffts include cleaner
air, improved public health, and
economic growth through job
creation and cost savings.16 Making
all parking EV-ready also supports
equitable access, strengthens
transportation systems, and supports
community resilience.
Strategy Co-Beneffts
Falcon Heights can lead in
sustainable transportation by
transitioning its ifeet to EVs,
reducing emissions, costs, and
supporting EV adoption. In 2023,
gasoline made up 43% of ifeet fuel
use (1,141 gallons). Converting to
EVs by 2035 could cut emissions
by 10 MT CO₂e annually, with a
10% increase in elficiency of
remaining vehicles saving another
2 MT CO₂e.2, 17
Strategy Co-Beneffts
2 -5 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Energy use in buildings is a major contributor to greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions from both residential and commercial properties.
Emissions come from direct on-site fossil fuel use, like heating and
cooking, and from off-site power generation. Prioritizing elficient
building design improves long-term energy performance and
comfort. Increasing elficiency reduces emissions, lowers energy
costs for households and businesses, and strengthens climate
resilience. Improving Falcon Heights’ built environment also
creates environmental, economic, and social beneffts for the
community.
Residential Energy
In 2023, Falcon Heights’ residential sector consumed over 12.9
million kWh of electricity (6,324 kWh per household) and 1.175
million therms of natural gas (573 therms per household). This
resulted in 9,059 MT CO2e of GHG emissions, about 46% of
citywide building energy emissions.1
Non-Residential Energy
The non-residential sector consumed over 17.2 million kWh of
electricity (2,816 kWh per job) and 1.186 million therms of natural
gas (194 therms per job) in 2023. This resulted in 10,607 MT CO2e
of GHG emissions, about 54% of citywide building energy
emissions.1
For More Information (click icon):
Vulnerability GHG Inventory Renewable Ground Cover
QUICK FACTS
58.8%
of community-wide GHG
emissions in 2023 from
buildings and energy
30,240,951
kWh or electricity used in
2023
2,361,647
Therms of natural gas
used in 2023
78.9%
of all homes were built
before 1980
52
solar arrays community-
wide in 2023
Click here to return to TOC
The Plan:
Buildings and Energy
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 2-6
B UILDINGS AND ENERGY
Homes built between 2000 and
2009 use 15% less energy per
square foot than 1980s homes.2
Retrofftting older homes offers
signiffcant potential to reduce
citywide energy use, especially
natural gas. In Falcon Heights,
85% of owner-occupied and 69%
of renter-occupied homes were
built before 1980, making energy
upgrades a key opportunity.3,4
Building permits suggest up to
20% of residential units could be
added, renovated, or replaced over
10 years.3
Improve total Citywide
building energy elficiency
5% for electricity and 15%
for natural gas by 2035.
STRATEGY BE1: ACTIONS
BE 2- 1
Coordinate an annual group purchase campaign for
residents and small businesses to reduce costs of
electriffcation, energy elficiency, and weatherization
upgrades (e.g., air and ground source heat pumps).
Prioritize equity in program design, support local
contractors, and consider integration with clean energy
purchase programs. Goal: 30 households and 10
businesses annually.
BE 2- 2
Collaborate with partners to expand and promote incentives
for low-income residents to electrify their homes. Goal: 15
households annually.
BE 2- 3 Address misconceptions and promote new technologies
through educational materials and City communications.
Achieve 30% building "fuel
switching" from on-site
fossil fuel combustion to
electriffcation or renewable
fuels by 2035.
STRATEGY BE2: ACTIONS
Strategy Co-Beneffts
64.7% of the city’s residential
heating is provided by natural gas
and 28.5%.5 As Falcon Heights’
electric grid nears carbon
neutrality, building heating fuel will
become an increasingly important
target for emission reductions.6
Reduction, and ultimately the
elimination of all fossil fuel
heating (oil, propane, natural gas),
in the buildings sector will be
required in order to achieve
community wide carbon
reductions.1,7
Strategy Co-Beneffts
BE 1- 1
Collaborate with partners to establish a program achieving
deep energy retroffts for 80% of low/moderate-income
households by 2030. Goal: 100 households annually, each
achieving 15% energy reductions. (Comprehensive Plan)
BE 1- 2 Offer and promote fully subsidized Home Energy Squad
visits for income-qualiffed residents.
BE 1- 3 Adopt an energy benchmarking ordinance (Comprehensive
Plan)
BE 1- 4
Establish a policy for City-funded projects to meet energy
elficiency standards (e.g., SB2030, LEED Gold, Enterprise
Green Communities, ICC/ASHRAE 700). Encourage other
developments needing PUD, CUP, and zoning approval to
meet the same standard. (Comprehensive Plan)
BE 1- 5
Consider establishing a Mayor’s Home Energy Challenge to
encourage and incentivize residential energy-elficiency
upgrades.
BE 1- 6 Adopt and promote a voluntary net-zero energy code
through the building permit process (Comprehensive Plan)
BE 1- 7
Consider adopting a "Dark Sky" lighting ordinance to
promote ecosystem and human health and reduce exterior
lighting energy consumption.
2 -7 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
BE 3- 1
Collaborate with partners to implement and promote an
annual Residential Solar Group Purchase program,
supported by a program administrator such as the Midwest
Renewable Energy Association or others experienced in
solar group purchase programs. Goal: 15 participants and
100 KW installed Annually.
BE 3- 2 Establish a policy to incorporate clean energy standards into
the PUD ordinance. (Comprehensive Plan)
BE 3- 3
Identify top privately-owned sites for Solar PV installations
(rooftop, ground, carport) and develop site assessments
detailing estimated costs, energy generation, and 20-year
economic payback. Provide assessments to additional
property owners biennially through 2032 to maximize solar
incentives. Coordinate with the Commercial property and
Industrial property Solarize program.
BE 3- 4
Organize an annual group solar purchase program for
commercial and industrial properties, coordinating with the
City's "Top Solar Potentials" initiative. Goal: 5 participants
installing 150 kW annually.
BE 3- 5
Organize education and outreach promoting net-zero energy
development, clean energy rebates, and tax credits; provide
resources on the City's Energy Hub website.
(Comprehensive Plan)
ACTIONS
BE 4- 1
Establish a policy for City-owned buildings to achieve and
maintain ENERGY STAR ratings of 75 or higher, meet or
exceed IGCC standards, and publicly report energy use. All
facility design and construction RFPs for new or major
renovation projects must also evaluate opportunities to
achieve Net Zero Energy.
BE 4- 2
Conduct energy audits of all City facilities, including Dark
Sky LED outdoor lighting guidance. Use audit results to
prioritize facility improvements in the Capital Improvement
Plan, with implementation within 5 years.
ACTIONS
BUILDINGS AND ENERGY
Increase customer-owned
or purchased clean
electricity to 22% of total
building electricity use
citywide by 2035.
STRATEGY BE3:
Improve total municipal
building energy elficiency
by 5% for electricity and
15% for natural gas by
2035.
STRATEGY BE4:
Grid electricity emissions are
expected to decline, but increasing
consumer clean energy purchases
remains essential to meet GHG
reduction goals as well as offering
cost savings and increased
resilience.1,6,8,9 As of 2023, Falcon
Heights had 52 customer-owned
solar systems generating 1 MW.10
Those unable to install solar can
buy clean energy from their utility
to reduce their emissions and
support grid
decarbonization.11,12,13
Strategy Co-Beneffts
In 2023, the City of Falcon Heights
municipal buildings and operations
consumed over 151 thousand kWh
of electricity and 8,238 therms of
natural gas. Building energy
consumption represents over 76%
of GHG emissions associated with
municipal operations.1 Increasing
energy efficiency of municipal
operations by 5% for electricity and
15% for natural gas would save as
much as 7,500 kWh and 1,200
therms, eliminating 8.5 MT CO2e of
GHG emissions annually.1,14
Strategy Co-Beneffts
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 2-8
BE 5- 1 Identify and assess City facilities to prioritize for
electriffcation and schedule improvements.
BE 5- 2 Establish a policy for all new City-owned buildings to be
100% electric (or have zero onsite fossil fuel combustion).
BE 5- 3
Conduct a City Facility Solar and Clean Energy Master Plan
study assessing on-site solar feasibility, options for
achieving 100% clean electricity including ownership
options, community solar, RECs, and solar+storage
microgrids. Establish an implementation timeline.
(Comprehensive Plan)
ACTIONS
BUILDINGS AND ENERGY
By expanding clean energy and
reducing fossil fuel use, the city
can model sustainable, resilient
energy systems. Reaching 100%
municipal electric use through on-
site generation and green energy
purchases could cut emissions by
up to 36 MT CO₂e annually.1
Switching City facilities to electric
heating as the grid decarbonizes
could reduce emissions by
another 44 MT CO₂e each year.1
Achieve 100% municipal
building clean electricity
use and "fuel switching"
from on-site fossil fuel
combustion to
electriffcation by 2035.
STRATEGY BE5:
Strategy Co-Beneffts
2 -9 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Waste management—including solid waste, recycling, and
organics—plays a key role in reducing climate impacts. Landfflls
emit methane, a greenhouse gas over 25 times more potent than
carbon dioxide, as organic waste like food, paper, and yard
trimmings decomposes without oxygen.1 Reducing landffll waste,
especially organics, is critical to lowering these emissions.
Waste collection also produces carbon emissions from diesel-
powered trucks. Cutting waste through recycling and composting
reduces collection trips and transportation emissions.2 Recycling
conserves natural resources and lowers emissions from raw
material extraction and manufacturing.3 Composting prevents
methane emissions, enriches soil, and helps sequester carbon.4
Waste reduction is the most effective strategy, cutting emissions
throughout a product’s life cycle.5 In Minnesota, waste reduction
and recycling already prevent nearly 4.9 million metric tons of CO₂
annually—the equivalent of removing one million cars from the
road.6 Expanding recycling, composting, and waste reduction can
help Falcon Heights cut climate pollution, conserve resources, and
build healthier, more sustainable systems.
Solid Waste in Falcon Heights7
Total solid waste handled in 2019 was 6,598 tons. By 2023 the total
was 6,160 for a 6.6% decrease. On a per-capita basis, however, the
decrease in total solid waste handled is lower at 2.1%. The share of
solid waste being diverted for recycling has decreased from 33% in
2019 to 31.4% in 2023. Organics diversion, however, has increased
from 17.2% in 2019 to 19.9% in 2023. These numbers highlight a
signiffcant opportunity to divert more waste from landfflls,
especially organic materials, which generate the most greenhouse
gas emissions.
For More Information (click icon):
Vulnerability GHG Inventory Renewable Ground Cover
QUICK FACTS
2.6%
of community-wide GHG
emissions in 2023 from
solid waste
669
tons of landfllled waste in
2023 - 10.9% of all solid
waste
2,330
tons of waste used for
waste-to-energy in 2023 -
37.8% of all solid waste
1,224
tons of organics
diversion in 2023 - 19.9%
of all solid waste
52
tons of recycling
diversion in 2023 - 37.8%
of all solid waste
Click here to return to TOC
The Plan:
Waste Management
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 2-10
WASTE MANAGEMENT
The Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency (MPCA) ranks waste
management strategies by
environmental impact, prioritizing
reduction, reuse, recycling, and
organics recovery.8 Reducing
waste conserves resources, cuts
emissions, and can save homes
and businesses hundreds of
dollars annually.9,10,11
Strengthening waste reduction
policies offers a major
environmental opportunity for
Falcon Heights.
Decrease total annual
municipal solid waste
generated by 10% by
2035.
STRATEGY WM1: ACTIONS
WM 2- 1
Promote participation in the Ramsey/Washington Recycling
and Energy Center's Food Scraps Pickup Program when
available for Falcon Heights residents. Goal 75% household
participation by 2035.
WM 2- 2
Incorporate zoning standards for commercial and multi-
family buildings that ensure convenient organics and
recycling collection, making diversion as easy as garbage
disposal.
WM 2- 3
Collaborate with partners to promote backyard composting
by providing residents with low-cost or free compost bins
and educational materials.
WM 2- 4
Collaborate with partners such as Ramsey County Urban
Agriculture Coordinator to promote use of the community
compost drop off site for residents unable or unwilling to
compost at home.
Increase organics and
compostable diversion
from 19.9% to 22% of total
MSW handled by 2035.
STRATEGY WM2: ACTIONS
Strategy Co-Beneffts
Most landffll gas arises from
bacterial decomposition when
organic waste breaks down by
bacteria. Organic wastes include
food, garden waste, street
sweepings, textiles, wood, and
paper products.12 The State’s
2013 Waste Characterization
study shows that over 50% of
Falcon Heights' landffll and waste-
to-energy stream is organic
material, including paper—
presenting a major emissions
reduction opportunity.13,14
Strategy Co-Beneffts
WM 1- 1
Establish a Zero Waste policy for City operations with clear
annual waste reduction targets to achieve Zero Waste.
External users of City facilities to comply with the Zero
Waste policy, and event permit applications must be
updated to mandate recycling and composting at events.
WM 1- 2
Explore waste hauling improvements to support CAP goals,
including updates to the City's licensing process and the
implementation of organized waste hauling strategies.
WM 1- 3
Establish a policy for all construction and demolition
projects to submit waste management plans demonstrating
how they will meet speciffc waste diversion targets aligned
with the City's Climate Action Plan goals
WM 1- 4
Collaborate with partners such as Reuse MN to promote
material reuse and waste reduction, including community
events like swaps and garage sales.
WM 1- 5
Collaborate with partners to create a comprehensive
communication campaign to provide standardized
information and communications on waste reduction,
recycling, and organics collection options to reach the
residential sector.
2 -11 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
WM 3- 1
Collaborate with partners on a comprehensive
communication campaign providing standardized education
and guidance on waste reduction, recycling, organics
collection, hazardous waste management, and available
waste diversion programs for residential and commercial
sectors.
WM 3- 2
Partner with Ramsey County and the Recycling Ambassador
program to reduce barriers to recycling participation at
multifamily and commercial properties.
WM 3- 3
Through waste hauler permitting or organized waste
collection processes, incentivize or include conditions for
haulers to educate customers on recycling, waste reduction,
and diversion.
WM 3- 4 Adopt an ordinance that ensures all "to-go" packaging is
recyclable, compostable, or reusable.
ACTIONS
Increase recycling
diversion from 31.4% to
35% of total MSW handled
by 2035.
STRATEGY WM3:
The 2013 State Waste
Characterization study identiffes
signiffcant potential to boost
recycling, estimating that up to
48% of landfflled waste could be
recycled.14 The largest
opportunities lie in paper and
plastics, with additional potential
in metals and glass.
Strategy Co-Beneffts
WASTE MANAGEMENT
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 2-12
Climate change directly impacts water and wastewater systems,
affecting availability, quality, and infrastructure capacity in Falcon
Heights.1 Rising temperatures and shifting rainfall patterns
increase water risks, requiring strategies like conservation, elficient
irrigation, and drought-resistant landscaping to protect limited
resources.2,3
Heavier rainfall can overload wastewater systems, causing
overifows.4 Adaptive strategies include increasing wastewater
facility capacity, using green infrastructure like rain gardens and
bioswales to manage stormwater, and preventing contamination.
Integrating climate projections into planning supports proactive
adaptation and strengthens the long-term sustainability of water
and wastewater systems. By prioritizing resilience, Falcon Heights
can protect public health, the environment, and the local economy
while ensuring safe water and reliable wastewater treatment.5
Regional Water Stress
By 2025, an estimated 1.8 billion people will live in areas plagued by
water scarcity, with two-thirds of the world's population living in
water-stressed regions. Since 1985 the Falcon Heights area has
had a reduction in water yield of approximately 10%. Through 2050,
the City can anticipate an increase in water demand of 20%.6
The Plan:
Water and Wastewater
For More Information (click icon):
Vulnerability GHG Inventory Renewable Ground Cover
QUICK FACTS
36%
annual precipitation
increase projected by
2100
27-55%
heavy precipitation event
increase projected by
2100
144
fiood and severe storm
events in Ramsey County
reported since 2000
$30,869,000
in fiood and storm
damage reported by
NOAA since 2000
Click here to return to TOC
2 -13 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
W 1- 1
Collaborate with regional partners, including Saint Paul
Regional Water Services, Capitol Region, Rice Creek
Watershed Districts, and Met Council, to help Falcon
Heights' largest water users reduce consumption through
an opt-in program. Offer technical resources or grants for
water-elficient equipment to assist large institutions and
businesses in conserving water internally.
W 1- 2
Promote community-wide adoption of WaterSense ffxtures
by accelerating installation in homes and expanding to
commercial properties. Goal: achieve 30 households and 10
businesses upgraded annually.
W 1- 3
Evaluate adopting a Lawn and Landscaping watering policy
that provides clear irrigation guidelines and promotes water
conservation.
W 1- 4
Implement a policy establishing rainwater collection
systems and WaterSense ffxtures and appliances as
standard for all City facility projects, including modeling best
practices in the anticipated new park building. Encourage
projects receiving City ffnancing or public funds to adopt
similar practices and offer technical support as needed.
W 1- 5
Partner with Ramsey County, Saint Paul Regional Water
Services, and others to establish a reduced-cost or
giveaway program for rain barrels.
ACTIONS
W 2- 1
Incorporate anticipated increases in precipitation and
extreme weather into the City's stormwater management
plans, including addressing redevelopment of currently
exempt properties. Collaborate with Capitol Region and Rice
Creek Watershed Districts.
W 2- 2
Conduct a pavement analysis and permeable pavement
conversion study, prioritizing ifood-vulnerable areas
identiffed in the City's 2024 Ground Cover Study. Develop an
implementation master plan and replacement schedule.
(Consider integration with the Land Conversion Opportunity
Study.)
W 2- 3
Explore zoning adjustments to reduce impervious surfaces
citywide, emphasizing pavement removal, permeable
pavement installation, ifoodplain preservation, and green
stormwater infrastructure. Collaborate with Capitol Region
and Rice Creek Watershed Districts.
W 2- 4
Partner with Capitol Region and Rice Creek Watershed
Districts to create or expand incentive programs
encouraging rain garden installations, prioritizing areas
vulnerable to stormwater impacts.
ACTIONS
Promote a 5% reduction in
water use and wastewater
generation Citywide by
2035.
STRATEGY W1:
Identify ifood-prone areas
and develop plans to
address future
stormwater and climate-
related impacts.
STRATEGY W2:
Reducing water use and
wastewater is key to cutting
emissions and building climate
resilience. Using less water eases
pressure on freshwater resources,
supports ecosystems, and lowers
energy demand for treatment and
transport, reducing greenhouse
gases. Minimizing wastewater
further conserves energy and cuts
emissions. Together, these
actions strengthen sustainability
and water security.
Strategy Co-Beneffts
Falcon Heights can expect as much
as a 36% increase in annual
precipitation and 55% more heavy
downpours by 2100. 1,7,8 These
trends are likely to lead to more
runoff and ifash ifooding on less
absorbent ground.9 Infrastructure is
often based on past rainfall, but
climate-ready designs must use
projections from NOAA and others
to account for increased
precipitation and heavier storms.
Strategy Co-Beneffts
WATER AND WASTEWATER
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 2-14
W 3- 1
Partner with Capitol Region and Rice Creek Watershed
Districts to assess the percentage of impervious surface
runoff treated by Best Management Practices (BMPs) and
set a 2035 improvement goal.
W 3- 2
Strengthen ordinances and enforcement to protect riparian
areas, streams, and wetlands that store and fflter
ifoodwaters.
W 3- 3
Adopt a no-fertilizer, no-pesticide policy for all City-owned or
managed properties and encourage reduced fertilizer and
pesticide use by residents and businesses.
W 3- 4
Collaborate with partners to educate residents on
environmentally safer alternatives to road and sidewalk salt
for ice control.
ACTIONS
Protecting aquifers, lakes, and
natural water bodies is vital for
climate adaptation, as they store
freshwater, support ecosystems,
and meet human needs.10
Climate change harms water
quality through evaporation,
ifooding, and contamination.
Groundwater management, land
use planning, and riparian
restoration are key. Green
infrastructure like permeable
pavements and rain gardens
reduces runoff and improves
water quality.11
Increase groundwater,
stream, river and wetland
water quality protection
and restoration.
STRATEGY W3:
Strategy Co-Beneffts
WATER AND WASTEWATER
2 -15 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Transporting food across long distances relies heavily on fossil
fuels, contributing signiffcantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The
extended travel time also increases the need for energy-intensive
refrigeration, further adding to the environmental impact. By
minimizing transportation and refrigeration, we can make our food
systems more sustainable.1
Choosing locally grown food helps reduce the carbon footprint
associated with our meals while also strengthening the local
economy. Studies indicate that local produce markets support
approximately 32 jobs per $1 million in sales, compared to just 10.5
jobs generated by wholesale distribution channels. Additionally,
community gardens and neighborhood gardening provide social
and environmental beneffts.2 These spaces can foster a sense of
community, create opportunities for people of all ages to engage in
shared activities, encourage low-impact outdoor exercise, and
support biodiversity by creating habitats for plants, animals, and
pollinators.3
At the same time, our food systems face increasing threats from
climate change.4 Extreme weather events, rising temperatures, and
changing precipitation patterns put crops and livestock at risk.
Challenges range from animal heat stress to increased pest
infestations and disruptions to natural cycles. These physical
impacts are compounded by social and economic consequences.
Food insecurity—when access to adequate nutrition is limited by
factors like income or availability—disproportionately affects low-
income households, who are nearly three times more likely to
experience it.5 As climate change intensiffes, it is likely to deepen
these existing inequities and further strain food security in many
communities.6
For More Information (click icon):
Vulnerability GHG Inventory Renewable Ground Cover
QUICK FACTS
1
community gardens
within the city
0
farmers markets within
the city
10.5%
average food insecurity
rate in Ramsey County
19.0%
child food insecurity rate
in Ramsey County
Click here to return to TOC
The Plan:
Local Food and Agriculture
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 2-16
LOCAL FOOD AND AGRIC ULTURE
U.S. agriculture faces regional
climate risks.7 Paciffc states face
less water, warmer winters, and
variable springs. Extreme weather,
heat, and ifooding threaten Plains
and Midwest grain. Livestock in
the Plains and Southeast faces
weather and supply risks.
Low-income and food-insecure
groups will be hit hardest by the
effects of these impacts. Strong
local food systems boost
resilience, food security, jobs, and
community wealth.8,9
Enhance access to local
food, especially for low-
income and food-insecure
individuals.
STRATEGY LF1: ACTIONS
LF 2- 1
Identify and map potential sites for community gardens or
farms, prioritizing underserved populations and food-
insecure areas. Include parks and public lands, and
collaborate with partners to implement garden locations.
LF 2- 2
Plant fruit and nut trees on City-owned land, boulevards, and
rights-of-way. Partner with groups like Every Meal to collect
and distribute the harvest.
LF 2- 3
Establish a “Grow Falcon Heights” program to expand
community garden plots and create a market garden that
offers youth training and internships. Collaborate with local
restaurants, food shelves, and organizations to distribute
produce to food-insecure residents.
Increase production of
local food, particularly
serving low-income and
food-insecure individuals.
STRATEGY LF2: ACTIONS
Strategy Co-Beneffts
Some Falcon Heights residents
face economic stress, limited
transportation, and live over ½
mile from a grocery store (see the
Falcon Heights Climate Baseline
Assessment).10 Others face food
insecurity from lack of money,
culturally appropriate foods, or
resources. Improving food access
reduces insecurity and
strengthens climate resilience.
Strategy Co-Beneffts
LF 1- 1
Collaborate with the Saint Paul–Ramsey County Food and
Nutrition Commission to complete a Food Security
Assessment, identify underserved areas, and develop
strategies to improve food access—especially for vulnerable
populations.
LF 1- 2
Partner with organizations like Good Acre, the University of
Minnesota, Gibbs Farm, and St. Paul Farmer’s Market to
create or expand farmers market access in Falcon Heights.
Pursue grant opportunities to support these efforts.
LF 1- 3
Work with partners to promote subsidy programs that
provide local produce at reduced prices for qualifying
residents.
LF 1- 4
Offer City facilities or parking lots as pickup sites for
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs that
accept SNAP and EBT payments.
2 -17 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
LF 3- 1
Collaborate with the Saint Paul–Ramsey County Food and
Nutrition Commission to complete a Food Security
Assessment. Identify food-insecure areas, especially
vulnerable populations, and develop strategies to improve
food access in the city.
LF 3- 2
Work with Ramsey County, the University of Minnesota, and
the State Fair to explore creating a Food Recovery Network
that improves surplus food collection and distribution from
large events and facilities to food-insecure and elderly
populations.
LF 3- 3
Coordinate with local food banks to support edible food
donations from City and community events. Expand
partnerships with food retailers and restaurants, and share
food bank resources on the City’s website.
ACTIONS
Reduce food waste and
hunger, achieve a 50%
decrease in food
insecurity Citywide by
2035.
STRATEGY LF3:
Nationally, 30-40% of food is
wasted.11 Falcon Heights
generates about 480 tons of food
waste yearly, based on the State’s
2013 Waste Study.12,13 This waste
emits greenhouse gases and
costs $1 million annually.14 It also
wastes resources like land, water,
and energy, and could have
helped families in need. Reducing
food waste supports
sustainability and may reduce
food insecurity.
Strategy Co-Beneffts
LOCAL FOOD AND AGRIC ULTURE
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 2-18
Trees and natural vegetation are vital to community well-being,
helping improve air and water quality, lowering building energy use,
and supporting climate action efforts.1 Research also links
exposure to nature, like time spent in parks, with better physical
and mental health and reduced stress.2 Additionally, trees help
clean the air by removing pollutants such as carbon dioxide,
particulate matter, and ground-level ozone—substances that can
worsen asthma and other respiratory conditions when present at
high levels.3
Prairie Grass and Climate Action
Switching from traditional lawns to native grasses and wildifowers
strengthens climate resilience. Native plants require less water and
upkeep, cutting down on irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides,
and emissions from lawn maintenance.4 Their deep roots enhance
soil stability, improve water absorption, reduce ifooding risks, and
sequester carbon. Native grasses also promote biodiversity by
providing essential habitats for wildlife.5
Impervious Surfaces and Heat
More pavement and buildings increase the urban heat island effect,
where cities become hotter than surrounding rural areas due to
heat absorption by man-made surfaces. This effect worsens
extreme heat events, raising health risks and discomfort. Research
shows that areas with more impervious surfaces and fewer trees
experience signiffcantly higher temperatures.6
The Plan:
Greenspace and Ecosystems
For More Information (click icon):
Vulnerability GHG Inventory Renewable Ground Cover
QUICK FACTS
22.5%
average tree canopy
coverage citywide
38.7%
average impervious
surface coverage
citywide
27.8%
manicured lawn coverage
citywide
7.7 °F
Falcon Heights is hotter
than nearby rural areas
on hot days.
Click here to return to TOC
2 -19 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
GE 1- 1
Adopt a No Net Loss policy that ensures every removed
public street or space tree is replaced with a seedling or
sapling. If replanting on-site isn’t feasible, a tree should be
planted in a nearby space or within a tree bank established
by or designated by the City.
GE 1- 2
Partner to create or expand an annual tree giveaway or
discount program for residents. Example: grow and
distribute 400 seedlings or saplings each year.
GE 1- 3
Update the City’s Landscape Ordinance to establish
minimum tree and native/pollinator planting coverage
standards based on lawn or impervious surface area.
Ensure planting islands are included in parking lots for new
or expanded developments. Promote diversity in native
trees, shrubs, and pollinator-friendly groundcovers.
GE 1- 4
Collaborate with partners to share educational resources on
climate-adaptive trees, promotion of tree and plant diversity,
carbon gardening, tree care, and other sustainable
greenspace practices such as reducing fertilizer use,
biochar amendments, and polyculture lawns. Post
resources on the City website.
ACTIONS
GE 2- 1
Complete a Land Conversion Opportunity Study to identify
turf and impervious areas suitable for conversion to native
grasslands, wetlands, shrubs, or forests. Develop an
implementation plan by census tract, explore incentives, and
launch outreach to promote turf conversion.
GE 2- 2
Establish a policy for City properties to reduce impervious
surfaces and enhance natural diversity by incorporating
pavement reduction, permeable pavement, green roofs, and
replacing turf with native wildifowers and prairie grasses to
support pollinators.
GE 2- 3
Collaborate with partners like the University of Minnesota
Bee Lab, Capitol Region and Rice Creek Watershed Districts
to develop and share resources on selecting appropriate
native and pollinator-friendly plants.
GE 2- 4
Partner with the University of Minnesota Master Gardeners
to create a greenspace ambassador and education
program.
ACTIONS
Increase tree cover,
particularly in the priority
neighborhoods, from
22.5% to 25% by 2035.
STRATEGY GE1:
Enhance pollinator
habitats and replace 15%
of turf with native grasses
and wildifowers citywide
by 2035.
STRATEGY GE2:
Our tree canopy reduces runoff,
cleans water, cools urban heat
islands, lowers building energy
use, stores carbon, and supports
economic growth.7,8,9 Expanding
canopy coverage boosts climate
adaptation.10,11
Prioritizing tree canopy expansion
enhances equity, beneffts more
households, and reduces heat
island effects. Suggested
neighborhood increases and
criteria are outlined in the City’s
2024 Ground Cover Study.
Strategy Co-Beneffts
Replacing lawns with native grasses
and wildifowers creates a natural
landscape and helps address
climate change. Native plants
support wildlife, improve water
quality, reduce air pollution, protect
biodiversity, and increase carbon
sequestration.12,13,14
In Falcon Heights, 99% of
grasslands are lawns, presenting
turf reduction opportunities.
Replacing turf boosts stormwater
uptake, reduces water use, and
increases soil carbon.15,16,17 Areas
with more grass have the greatest
potential for native plant
restoration.18
Strategy Co-Beneffts
GREENSPACE AND ECOSY STEMS
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 2-20
GE 3- 1
Collaborate with partners to create an incentive program
supporting the conversion of underutilized paved and turf
areas into sustainable green spaces, following the City’s
Land Conversion Opportunity Study.
GE 3- 2
Encourage or require commercial developments receiving
City funding, PUD approval, or Conditional Use Permits to
implement heat island reduction strategies, including cool
surfaces, solar-friendly shading, impervious surface
reduction, and breeze capture.
GE 3- 3
Collaborate with partners to develop and promote best
practices for reducing heat island effects on commercial
properties.
GE 3- 4
Collaborate with partners to create a cool roofs and
pavements incentive program and develop a Falcon Heights
demonstration project featuring a cool roof, green roof,
green/live wall, or vertical garden.
ACTIONS
The heat island effect causes
urban areas to be warmer than
nearby rural regions due to human
activities and infrastructure. This
increases discomfort and health
risks, especially during heat
waves, which are expected to
grow more frequent and intense in
Falcon Heights.19,20 Dark-colored
impervious surfaces contribute
signiffcantly to this effect.21
Reducing these surfaces can help
lessen heat island impacts.
Reduce heat island effect
by decreasing dark
impervious surfaces 10%
citywide by 2035,
prioritizing high-impact
neighborhoods.
STRATEGY GE3:
Strategy Co-Beneffts
GREENSPACE AND ECOSY STEMS
3 -1 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
The initial years following the adoption of the Falcon Heights Climate Action
Plan (CAP) are crucial for setting a successful trajectory. Clarifying roles and
securing funding early will be essential to achieving ambitious greenhouse
gas reduction and climate resilience goals.
Everyone Has a Role
Climate change affects many aspects of community life, requiring a
comprehensive response. Some actions will be led directly by Falcon Heights ’
elected olficials, city leadership, or municipal departments. Other efforts will
depend on local government support and active participation from residents,
families, and businesses. Building a resilient future demands commitment
from both city olficials and the entire community.
Climate Action is a Continuous Process
Implementing a multi-year plan comes with uncertainties, especially
regarding future technologies and opportunities. To accommodate this, the
CAP will follow annual or biennial implementation cycles. Each cycle will
identify and prioritize actions across sectors for the upcoming period,
ensuring alignment with city initiatives, current projects, and budget planning.
Actions will be ifexible and adaptable, with reffnements made as
implementation progresses. Policy changes, new ordinances, or city -funded
initiatives will require City Council approval.
The City will prioritize CAP implementation through collaboration among city
departments, the Environment Commission, and community stakeholders.
This approach ensures integration of climate actions into annual planning
and budgeting processes, promoting consistency with broader city efforts.
Click here to return to TOC
QUICK FACTS
6
Climate Action Plan Sectors
23
strategies to achieve GHG reduction and climate resilience goals
92
detailed actions outlining a menu of steps that can be taken to support strategies
10 Year
implementation timeframe
Implementation
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 3-2
Implementation Support
Tools
To aid the City’s initial
implementation, the paleBLUEdot
team has developed supportive
tools:
Implementation Matrix:
Excel tool for action
implementation and monitoring.
Example Programs, Policies
and Ordinances
Example programs, policies, and
ordinances supporting the City’s
Climate Action Plan strategies:
https://palebluedot.llc/falcon-
heights-cap-policies
Example Policy Alignment Memo
For use in reviewing policy items
against Climate Action Plan
goals: Plan Alignment Statement
Memo Falcon Heights.pdf
I 1- 1
Create a City "CAP Implementation Team" comprised of the
Environment Commission with the Staff/Council liaisons to
meet quarterly, prioritize and track progress, and develop
two-year work plans outlining tasks, timelines, resources,
and stalfing needs. The team will provide annual progress
updates to the Environment Commission and City Council.
I 1- 2
Explore the potential and beneffts of the Environment Com-
mission forming a Falcon Heights Climate Action Collabora-
tion Team with members from local government, nonproffts,
community groups, and residents. The team could meet
regularly to coordinate CAP implementation, pursue joint
initiatives, share lessons, support cross-jurisdictional pro-
jects, and identify funding opportunities.
I 1- 3
Create a process to review city policies and plans for con-
sistency with the Climate Action Plan.
Resource: paleBLUEdot example CAP Alignment Memo
I 1- 4
Implement a cohesive annual communication and educa-
tion campaign that addresses the communication and edu-
cational needs of each CAP section. Enhance the City's En-
ergy Action Hub to disseminate CAP resources and foster
community action.
I 1- 5
Regularly evaluate CAP progress and impacts (every 1-2
years), including updated community-wide and municipal
GHG inventories. Review strategies for effectiveness and
relevance, adjusting actions as necessary.
Organizational Actions
The following actions outline steps the City can take to organize
the implementation of the climate action plan:
4 -1 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Transportation and Land Use
• Keep vehicles tuned and tires
properly inifated.
• Limit idling to 30 seconds,
even in winter.
• Walk or bike instead of driving
short distances.
• Use public transit regularly for
commuting or errands. Plan
your trip here.
• Telecommute or carpool to
reduce driving.
• Fly less; vacation locally or
use remote meetings.
• Consider becoming a one-car
household. Explore how to
make the change here.
• Choose an electric or hybrid
vehicle for your next car.
Search models available here.
What You Can Do
Buildings and Energy
• Switch all home lighting to
energy-elficient LED bulbs.
• Adjust your thermostat
slightly higher in summer,
lower in winter.
• Check out State of
Minnesota’s energy savings
tips for summer and winter.
• Get a home energy audit to
identify elficiency
improvements.
• Weatherize your home by
sealing drafts and adding
insulation.
• Replace older appliances
with ENERGY STAR®
elficient models.
• Take advantage of
incentives from Xcel, the
State of Minnesota, and the
US Government.
• Replace gas appliances with
elficient electric alternatives.
• Install rooftop solar or
subscribe to clean electricity
through Xcel or a community
solar garden.
Waste Management
• Follow Ramsey County
recycling guidelines.
• Purchase durable, reusable
products to reduce waste.
• Choose reusable bags,
bottles, and containers to
avoid single-use plastics.
• Repair items instead of
discarding; donate or sell
usable goods.
• Buy second-hand or borrow
items rather than purchasing
new.
• Plan meals carefully and shop
to reduce food waste.
• Dispose of hazardous waste
like batteries and electronics
at proper facilities.
• Participate in Ramsey County
food scraps program to easily
divert scraps from the landffll.
• Participate in Ramsey
County’s yard waste drop off
program.
Our success in building a sustainable and resilient future depends on all of
us. The City has initiated this planning effort, but now we need everyone's
involvement to keep the momentum going. Here are some simple steps
you can start taking today!
Click here to return to TOC
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | 4-2
Water and Wastewater
• Reduce indoor water use by
shortening showers and
turning off faucets promptly.
See other tips here.
• Repair leaks immediately to
avoid unnecessary water loss.
• Keep gutters and storm
drains clear to keep your
home storm ready. Check out
other rain-ready tips here.
• Use rain barrels to collect
rainwater for gardening or
lawn care.
• Water lawns and gardens
infrequently and only during
cool parts of the day.
• Install WaterSense water
efficient ffxtures like low-ifow
toilets, faucets, and
showerheads.
• Install a rain garden to absorb
stormwater runoff and reduce
ifooding.
• Understand your home’s ifood
risk and have a preparedness
plan.
Local Food and Agriculture
• Plan meals to use groceries
fully and minimize waste.
• Incorporate more plant-
based meals into your diet.
• Choose seasonal foods
grown locally to reduce
transport emissions.
• Select ethically-produced
climate-friendly items, such
as fair-trade coffee or
chocolate.
• Support restaurants and
stores selling locally-grown
food products.
• Purchase food directly from
local farmers through
markets or CSA programs.
• Start a small garden at home
to grow fruits, vegetables, or
herbs.
• Join or start a community
garden if space at home is
limited.
• Plant fruit or nut trees and
shrubs suitable for
Minnesota’s climate.
Greenspace and Ecosystems
• Avoid chemical pesticides
and herbicides; use natural
yard-care methods.
• Volunteer locally to assist
with tree plantings or
gardens.
• Create a pollinator-friendly
garden with native plants and
wildifowers.
• Reduce lawn size by planting
drought-tolerant grasses and
native species. Apply for
funding to help.
• Plant and care for trees to
provide shade and absorb
carbon emissions.
• Design your yard to support
local wildlife habitats.
• Replace unnecessary
pavement with permeable
surfaces or greenery.
• Consider installing a green
roof to manage stormwater
and reduce heat.
The following are sources and additional
references used in the Climate Action Plan.
Appendix A
References
A -1 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Click here to return to TOC
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan References
Introduction
1 Estimating the Health-Related Costs of 10
Climate-Sensitive US Events During 2012:
https://www.nrdc.org/resources/bitter-pill-
high-health-costs-climate-change
2 Stop Climate Change, Save Lives:
https://www.nrdc.org/stop-climate-change-
save-lives
3 World Health Organization Building
Capacity on Climate Change for Human
Health Toolkit:
https://www.who.int/activities/building-
capacity-on-climate-change-human-
health/toolkit/cobenefits
4 United Nations Economic Commission for
Europe:
https://unece.org/DAM/Sustainable_Develop
ment_No._2__Final__Draft_OK_2.pdf
5 Bollen, J. et al. (2009), Co-benefits of
Climate Change
Mitigation Policies: Literature Review and
New Results,
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/co-
benefits-of-climate-change-mitigation-
policies_224388684356
6 City of Falcon Heights Community GHG
Inventory, 2024;
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/falcon
-heights-ghg-inventory/
7 City of Falcon Heights Climate Vulnerability
Assessment:
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/falcon
-heights-climate-vulnerability-assessment/
8 i Parry, I, Veungh, C. and Heine, D. (2014),
How Much Carbon Pricing is in Countries’
Own Interests? The Critical Role of Co-
Benefits;
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/20
14/wp14174.pdf
9 UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health,
“Reducing greenhouse gases benefits air
quality, saves lives”; https://sph.unc.edu/sph-
news/reducing-greenhouse-gases-benefits-
air-quality-saves-lives/
10 Mapping the co-benefits of climate change
action to issues of public concern in the UK: a
narrative review:
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/a
rticle/PIIS2542-5196(20)30167-4/fulltext
11 Union of Concerned Scientists, Top 10
Benefits of Climate Action:
https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/top-10-
benefits-climate-action
12 Based on existing average economic value
per acre of tree canopy cover. City of Falcon
Heights Ground Cover, Heat Island, and
Carbon Sequestration Study:
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/falcon
-heights-ground-cover-heat-island-and-
carbon-sequestration-study/
13 City of Falcon Heights, Climate Action Plan
Community Survey;
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/falcon
-heights-community-survey-report/
14 US EPA, “What Climate Change Means for
Minnesota”;
https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites
/production/files/2016-
09/documents/climate-change-mn.pdf
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan References
15 State of Minnesota, Interagency Climate
Adaptation Team, Building Resiliency to
Extreme Precipitation in Minnesota;
https://bwsr.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/2
018-
12/Building_Resiliency_to_Extreme_Precipitati
on_in_Minnesota-
ICAT_White_Paper%20%282%29.pdf
16 NASA, Global Temperature (Global Avg
Temperature); https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-
signs/global-temperature/?intent=121
17 US Climate Resilience Toolkit Climate
Explorer:
https://toolkit.climate.gov/tool/climate-
explorer-0
18 U.S. Global Change Research Program,
Climate Science Special Report:
https://science2017.globalchange.gov/
19 US National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Centers For
Environmental Information, Climate Data
Online: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/
20 Projections assume global greenhouse
gas emissions are not reduced in line with the
recommendations of the International Panel
on Climate Change. Reductions in
greenhouse gas emissions can positively
effect the projected climate impacts,
particularly in the second half of the century.
Projections use climate model RCP 8.5 which
is recommended by Woodshole Research
Center and others as the best match through
mid-century under current and stated policies
with still highly plausible through 2100.
“RCP8.5 tracks cumulative CO2 emissions”
Christopher R. Schwalm University of
California, Los Angeles:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.
2007117117#data-availability
21 Unless noted otherwise, projections are
based on U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit
CLIMATE EXPLORER, NOAA: https://crt-
climate-explorer.nemac.org/
22 Assumes 60% of decrease of days <32° F
occur during frost-free season with balance
occurring during winter months. All numbers
are shown as change over baseline column.
23 University of Minnesota, Changing
Seasons: https://climate.umn.edu/our-
changing-climate/changing-seasons
24 Argonne National Laboratory, Center for
Climate Resilience and Decision Science:
https://disgeoportal.egs.anl.gov/ClimRR/
25 Increases are due to increased air
conditioning needs. Calculations are based
on US Environmental Protection Agency's
"Climate Change Indicators: Residential
Energy Use": https://www.epa.gov/climate-
indicators/climate-change-indicators-
residential-energy-use and an estimated
average of 16.9% of total residential electric
use for air conditioning based on US Energy
Information Administration "Use of energy
explained":
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-
energy/electricity-use-in-homes.php
26 University of Minnesota Climate
Adaptation Partnership;
https://climate.umn.edu/our-changing-
climate/extreme-events
27 NASA, Global Temperature (Global Avg
Temperature); https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-
signs/global-temperature/?intent=121
28 State of Minnesota MPCA, Climate
Change Impacts;
https://www.pca.state.mn.us/air-water-land-
climate/climate-change-impacts
29 UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC), AR6 Synthesis Report Climate
Change 2023;
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/
30 United Nations, The Paris Agreement
(2015), 2.1.a,
https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_
paris_agreement.pdf
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan References
31 UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, IPCC AR6 Synthesis Report;
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/figures/fi
gure-spm-5
The Plan - Transportation
1 US Energy Information Administration,
International Energy Outlook 2016
https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/pdf/transp
ortation.pdf
2 City of Falcon Heights Community GHG
Inventory, 2024;
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/falcon
-heights-ghg-inventory/
3 The Influence of Urban Form on GHG
Emissions in the U.S. Household Sector (Lee,
S., and Lee, B. 2014 )
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27
0952371_The_influence_of_urban_form_on_G
HG_emissions_in_the_US_household_sector
4 National Academies, “Transportation’s Role
in Equity and Justice: Restoring and
Revitalizing Neighborhoods and
Communities”:
https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/20
21/07/transportations-role-in-equity-and-
justice-restoring-and-revitalizing-
neighborhoods-and-communities
5 City of Falcon Heights Climate Action
Baseline Assessment and Strategic Goal
Recommendations, 2024:
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/city-
of-falcon-heights-climate-action-baseline-
assessment/
6 US Census accessed via Deloitte Data USA:
https://datausa.io/profile/geo/Falcon
Heights-mn
7 US Census, On The Map:
https://onthemap.ces.census.gov/
8 AAA “Your Driving Costs, 2023”:
https://newsroom.aaa.com/wp-
content/uploads/2023/08/YDC-Fact-Sheet-
FINAL-8.30.23-1.pdf
9 Social Explorer Tables (SE), Environmental
Summaries 2011, Social Explorer; National
Historical Geographic Information System
(NHGIS)
10 US Census https://data.census.gov/
11 TRB Special Report 298: Driving and the
Built Environment: Effects of Compact
Development on Motorized Travel, Energy Use,
and CO2 Emissions Impacts of Land Use
Patterns on Vehicle Miles Traveled Evidence
from the Literature
https://www.nap.edu/read/12747/chapter/5#
88
12 New York Times, “E.V.s Start With a Bigger
Carbon Footprint. But That Doesn’t Last”;
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/19/busin
ess/electric-vehicles-carbon-footprint-
batteries.html
13 EV HUB:
https://www.atlasevhub.com/materials/state
-ev-registration-data/
14 US EPA, Automotive Trends Report, 2023;
https://www.epa.gov/automotive-trends
15 US Department of Transportation, Electric
Vehicle Charging Infrastructure;
https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov
/files/2024-
12/EV%20Charging%20Infrastructure%20-
%20Climate%20Strategies%20that%20Work.p
df
16 US Department of Energy, Alternative Fuel
Data Center, Electric Vehicle Benefits and
Considerations;
https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-
benefits
17 US Energy Information Administration,
Carbon Dioxide Emissions Coefficients:
https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions
/co2_vol_mass.php
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan References
18 Metropolitan Council Community Profiles;
https://stats.metc.state.mn.us/profile/
The Plan – Buildings and Energy
1 City of Falcon Heights Community GHG
Inventory, 2024;
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/falcon
-heights-ghg-inventory/
2 US Department of Energy, Residential
Program Solution Center:
https://rpsc.energy.gov/energy-data-facts
3 City of Falcon Heights, residential and non-
residential construction permit history, 2021,
2022, and 2023.
4 Social Explorer, Market Profile Data 2022
based on US Census American Census
Survey;
https://www.socialexplorer.com/data/EASI20
25/documentation/7933fdf1-4c9b-4cb2-
ad82-5a8e949ac78f
5 US Census Bureau ACS 5 year estimates;
https://data.census.gov/table/
6 State of Minnesota House of
Representatives, “State establishes standard
of 100% carbon-free electricity by 2040”
https://www.house.mn.gov/NewLaws/story/
2023/5473
7 City of Falcon Heights Climate Action
Baseline Assessment and Strategic Goal
Recommendations, 2024:
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/city-
of-falcon-heights-climate-action-baseline-
assessment/
8 US Department of Energy, Benefits of
Residential Solar Electricity:
https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/benefit
s-residential-solar-electricity
9 ACEEE Understanding Energy Affordability:
https://www.aceee.org/sites/default/files/en
ergy-affordability.pdf
10 City of Falcon Heights Renewable Energy
Potentials Study, 2024:
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/falcon
-heights-renewable-potentials-study/
11 Xcel Energy, Renewable Energy
Opportunities:
https://mn.my.xcelenergy.com/s/renewable
12 Dakota Electric Association, Renewable
Energy:
https://www.dakotaelectric.com/renewable-
energy/
13 US Department of Energy, Renewable
Energy Certificates:
https://www.epa.gov/green-power-
markets/renewable-energy-certificates-recs
14 Savings calculated on Falcon Heights
average commercial electricity rate as
reported by Electricity Local
(https://www.electricitylocal.com/) and
Natural Gas Local
(https://naturalgaslocal.com/)
The Plan – Waste Management
1 US EPA, Understanding Global Warming
Potentials;
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/understa
nding-global-warming-potentials
2 Northwestern Global News, How cities can
cut transportation emissions. New
Northeastern research reveals key strategies;
https://news.northeastern.edu/2025/03/19/c
limate-plan-city-research/
3 Lawrence University, The Impact of
Recycling on Environmental Sustainability;
https://blogs.lawrence.edu/careercenter/202
4/10/the-impact-of-recycling-on-
environmental-sustainability.html
4 US EPA National Recycling Strategy:
https://www.epa.gov/circulareconomy/natio
nal-recycling-strategy
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan References
5 MPCA, Waste planning and recycling:
https://www.pca.state.mn.us/air-water-land-
climate/waste-planning-and-recycling
6 MPCA, Understanding Solid Waste;
https://www.pca.state.mn.us/air-water-land-
climate/understanding-solid-waste
7 City of Falcon Heights Community GHG
Inventory, 2024;
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/falcon
-heights-ghg-inventory/
8 MPCA Waste Planning and Recycling;
https://www.pca.state.mn.us/air-water-land-
climate/waste-planning-and-recycling
9 Minnesota Chamber of Commerce,
WasteWise program:
https://www.mnchamber.com/sites/default/f
iles/Waste%20Wise%20Annual%20Report.pdf
10 North Carolina State University Extension,
How Your Business Can Cut Costs by
Reducing Waste:
https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/how-your-
business-can-cut-costs-by-reducing-wastes
11 ReFed, A Roadmap To Reduce US Food
Waste by 20 Percent:
https://www.refed.com/downloads/ReFED_R
eport_2016.pdf
12 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry:
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/landfill/html/
ch2.html
13 City of Falcon Heights Climate Action
Baseline Assessment and Strategic Goal
Recommendations, 2024:
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/city-
of-falcon-heights-climate-action-baseline-
assessment/
14 State of Minnesota, 2013 Statewide Waste
Characterization;
https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/default/fil
es/w-sw1-60.pdf
The Plan – Water and Wastewater
1 City of Falcon Heights Climate Vulnerability
Assessment:
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/falcon
-heights-climate-vulnerability-assessment/
2 Center for Climate and Energy Solutions,
“Resilience Strategies for Drought”;
https://www.c2es.org/wp-
content/uploads/2018/10/resilience-
strategies-for-drought.pdf
3 Aspen Public Radio, “How Landscaping
Plays a Key Role in The Fight Against Climate
Change“;
https://www.aspenpublicradio.org/2023-10-
17/how-landscaping-plays-a-key-role-in-the-
fight-against-climate-change
4 Climate Central, “Overflow: Climate Change,
Heavy Rain, And Sewage“;
https://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/Overfl
ow_sewagereport_update.pdf
5 Johnson T, Butcher J, Santell S, Schwartz S,
Julius S, LeDuc S. A review of climate change
effects on practices for mitigating water
quality impacts. J Water Clim Chang. 2022
Mar 22;
https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article/13/4/16
84/87748/A-review-of-climate-change-
effects-on-practices
6 City of Falcon Heights Climate Action
Baseline Assessment and Strategic Goal
Recommendations, 2024:
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/city-
of-falcon-heights-climate-action-baseline-
assessment/
7 Argonne National Laboratory, Center for
Climate Resilience and Decision Science,
https://disgeoportal.egs.anl.gov/ClimRR/
8 Defined as Days Per Year with > 1" Rainfall,
U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit CLIMATE
EXPLORER, NOAA; https://crt-climate-
explorer.nemac.org/
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan References
9 WUFT, “Why the risk for flash flooding
increases after a drought”;
https://www.wuft.org/weather/2022-08-
12/why-the-risk-for-flash-flooding-increases-
after-a-drought
10 American Public Health Association,
“Climate Changes Health: Water Quality and
Accessibility”;https://www.apha.org/topics-
and-issues/climate-health-and-equity/water-
quality
11 US EPA, National Menu Best Management
Practices:
https://www.epa.gov/npdes/national-menu-
best-management-practices-bmps-
stormwater
The Plan – Local Food and
Agriculture
1 H. Nabipour Afrouzi, J. Ahmed, B. Mobin
Siddique, N. Khairuddin, Ateeb Hassan, A
comprehensive review on carbon footprint of
regular diet and ways to improving lowered
emissions, Results in Engineering, Volume 18,
2023;
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101054
2 Conner, David & Knudson, William & Hamm,
Michael & Peterson, H.. (2008). The Food
System as an Economic Driver: Strategies
and Applications for Michigan.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24
7521128_The_Food_System_as_an_Economi
c_Driver_Strategies_and_Applications_for_Mic
higan
3 North Carolina State Extension, Research &
Benefits of Community Gardens:
https://nccommunitygardens.ces.ncsu.edu/r
esources-3/nccommunitygardens-research/
4 USDA Climate Indicators for Agriculture:
https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/doc
uments/climate_indicators_for_agriculture.pd
f
5 US Department of Health, Office of Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion, Food
Insecurity:
https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/priori
ty-areas/social-determinants-
health/literature-summaries/food-insecurity
6 US Global Change Research Program, Fifth
National Climate Assessment, Agriculture,
Food Systems, and Rural Communities
Chapter;
https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/1
1/
7 Lengnick, Laura. (2015). The vulnerability of
the US food system to climate change.
Journal of Environmental Studies and
Sciences.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28
2499666_The_vulnerability_of_the_US_food_s
ystem_to_climate_change
8 Cleveland Foundation, ParkWorks, Kent
State University Cleveland Urban Design
Collaborative, Neighborhood Progress Inc.,
Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Food Policy
Coalition:
https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url
=https://community-
wealth.org/sites/clone.community-
wealth.org/files/downloads/report-masi-et-
al.pdf
9 American Planning Association, Local Food
Systems Key to Healthy, Resilient, Equitable
Communities:
https://www.planning.org/planning/2021/win
ter/local-food-systems-key-to-healthy-
resilient-equitable-communities/
10 USDA Food Access Research Atlas;
https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-
products/food-access-research-atlas/
11 USDA, Why Should You Care About Food
Waste:
https://www.usda.gov/foodlossandwaste/wh
y
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan References
12 State of Minnesota, 2013 Statewide Waste
Characterization;
https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/default/fil
es/w-sw1-60.pdf
13 City of Falcon Heights Community GHG
Inventory, 2024;
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/falcon
-heights-ghg-inventory/
14 ReFed, A Roadmap To Reduce US Food
Waste by 20 Percent:
https://www.refed.com/downloads/ReFED_R
eport_2016.pdf
The Plan – Greenspace and Trees
1 US EPA, Using Trees and Vegetation to
Reduce Heat Islands;
https://www.epa.gov/heatislands/using-
trees-and-vegetation-reduce-heat-islands
2 Dahlia Stott, et al, Interactions with Nature,
Good for the Mind and Body: A Narrative
Review, Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024
Mar; 21(3): 329. Published online 2024 Mar
12; https://www.mdpi.com/1660-
4601/21/3/329
3 US EPA, Throwing Shade Exploring Benefits
of Trees;
https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/throwi
ng-shade-exploring-benefits-trees
4 US EPA, Landscaping with Native Plants;
https://archive.epa.gov/greenacres/web/html
/conf_knwldge.html
5 Audubon, Why Native Plants Matter;
https://www.audubon.org/content/why-
native-plants-matter
6 Comparison of impervious surface area and
normalized difference vegetation index as
indicators of surface urban heat island
effects in Landsat imagery. Fi Yuan and
Marvin Bauer, February 2007:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.003
7 Francisco J. Escobedo, Timm Kroeger,
John E. Wagner, Urban forests and pollution
mitigation: Analyzing ecosystem services and
disservices, Environmental Pollution, Volume
159, Issues 8–9, 2011:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/artic
le/abs/pii/S0269749111000327
8 T Elmqvist, H Setälä, SN Handel, S van der
Ploeg, J Aronson, JN Blignaut, E Gómez-
Baggethun, DJ Nowak, J Kronenberg, R de
Groot, Benefits of restoring ecosystem
services in urban areas, Current Opinion in
Environmental Sustainability, Volume 14,
2015:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/artic
le/pii/S1877343515000433
9 USDA Forest Service, Carbon Storage and
Sequestration by Urban Trees in the USA:
https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/1552
1
10 US EPA, Using Trees and Vegetation to
Reduce Heat Islands:
https://www.epa.gov/heatislands/using-
trees-and-vegetation-reduce-heat-islands
11 USDA Forest Service, Trees Reduce
Building Energy Use in US Cities:
https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/5342
0
12 US EPA, Green Landscaping: Greenacres, a
Source Book on Natural Landscaping for
Public Officials:
https://archive.epa.gov/greenacres/web/html
/chap2.html
13 Fight Climate Change at Home:
Landscaping with Native Grasses, Lindsay
Ifill: https://wildrootsnj.com/blog/ecological-
landscaping-with-native-grasses-climate-
change
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan References
14 Tallgrass Ontario: Tallgrass Prairie and
Carbon Sequestration:
https://tallgrassontario.org/wp-site/carbon-
sequestration/
15 University of Minnesota, “The Potential of
Turfgrass to Sequester Carbon and Offset
Greenhouse Gas Emissions”;
https://turf.umn.edu/news/potential-
turfgrass-sequester-carbon-and-offset-
greenhouse-gas-emissions
16 Resource Central, Unearth the Turf:
Outdoor Water Savings;
https://resourcecentral.org/unearth-the-turf-
outdoor-water-savings/
17 US EPA, Know Your Roots;
https://cfpub.epa.gov/npstbx/files/KSMO_Kn
owYourRoots.pdf
18 City of Falcon Heights Ground Cover, Heat
Island, and Carbon Sequestration Study:
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/falcon
-heights-ground-cover-heat-island-and-
carbon-sequestration-study/
19 US EPA, Climate Change and Heat Islands:
https://www.epa.gov/heatislands/climate-
change-and-heat-islands
20 City of Falcon Heights Climate
Vulnerability Assessment:
https://view.publitas.com/palebluedot/falcon
-heights-climate-vulnerability-assessment/
21 Comparison of impervious surface area
and normalized difference vegetation index
as indicators of surface urban heat island
effects in Landsat imagery. Fi Yuan and
Marvin Bauer, February 2007:
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S
0034425706003191
The following documents the
calculations and source references used
for estimating the potential cumulative
communitywide cost savings of the
actions included in the Climate Action
Plan.
Click here to return to TOC Appendix B
Potential Cumulative Community Cost
Savings From Plan Implementation
B -1 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Summary of Estimated Cumulative Savings of Modeled Reductions
City of Falcon Heights
Notes Transportation
VMT Reductions (public transit, bike, walk, etc)
Formula:
Cumulative vehicle miles saved x Average vehicle operation cost per mile = Gross VMT savings
VMT saved (goal year)1,366,663
Cumulative vehicle miles saved (through goal year):8,199,979
1 Average vehicle operating cost per mile:$0.820
Gross VMT savings $8,199,979
Increased Public Transit Use
Formula:
Cumulative increased public transit mileage x Average public transit cost per mile = Increased spending on public transit
Increased public transit miles (goal year)1,093,331
Cumulative increased public transit miles (through goal year):6,559,983
2 Annual increased public transit pass costs (goal year):-$230,208
Cumulative increased public transit pass costs (through goal year):-$1,381,248
Increased spending on public transit -$1,381,248
EV and Alt Fuel Conversions
Formula:
VMT converted to EV/Alt fuel (goal year)1,366,663
Cumulative VMT converted to EV/alt fuel (through goal year)8,199,979
3 Average fuel savings per mile:$0.121
4 Average vehicle maintenance savings per mile:$0.040
Cumulative Gross EV VMT savings (through goal year)$1,317,255
5 Spending difference per vehicle on EV purchase vs ICE purchase -$390
New electric vehicle purchases 470
Gross EV purchase spending difference (through goal year)-$183,337
Net EV VMT savings $1,133,918
Cumulative VMT converted to EV/alt fuel x Average vehicle operation cost savings per mile = Gross EV VMT savings - Gross EV
purchase spending difference = Net EV VMT Savings
1 Savings per VMT based on AAA estimates ( https://newsroom.aaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/YDC-Fact-Sheet-
FINAL-8.30.23-1.pdf , https://www.slashgear.com/aaa-says-it-costs-about-74-cents-per-mile-to-drive-23496316/ )
2 Annual increased public transit pass costs calculated based on increased percentage of population using public transit
(target increased public transit percentage) multiplied by cost of monthly transit pass. Negative numbers indicate increased
consumer spending. ( https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/sis/resources/data-tools/quickfacts.html
https://www.metrotransit.org/fares-passes )
3 Fuel Savings per VMT based on average reported gasoline costs ( https://gasprices.aaa.com/state-gas-price-averages/)
divided by current average MPG (Federal Highway Administration:
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/quickfinddata/qftravel.cfm ) compared against average fuel cost per mile using
current kWh rate (https://www.electricitylocal.com/ ) and average kWh/100 mile data
(https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/byfuel/EV2024.shtml ; https://ev-database.org/cheatsheet/energy-consumption-electric-
car )
4 Maintenance savings per mile based on US Department of Energy FOTW #1190, June 14, 2021: Battery-Electric Vehicles
Have Lower Scheduled Maintenance Costs than Other Light-Duty Vehicles: (
https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/articles/fotw-1190-june-14-2021-battery-electric-vehicles-have-lower-scheduled )
5 Average EV purchase price increse per vehicle on Kelly Blue Book average EV purchase price compared to average gasoline
vehicle purchase price ( https://www.coxautoinc.com/market-insights/february-2025-atp-report/ ) with a $7,500 tax credit
applied. The total cost difference is then divided by an assumed 5-year financing term to arrive at an estimated annualized
cost difference. Negative numbers indicate increased consumer spending ( https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/taxes/ev-tax-
credit-electric-vehicle-tax-credit )
Potential Total Cumulative Transportation Cost Savings
Formula:
Transportation sector savings - Transportation sector cost increases = Potential Total Cumulative Transportation Cost Savings
Transportation Sector Savings
Gross VMT savings $8,199,979
Gross EV VMT savings $1,317,255
Total Gross Transportation Savings $9,517,233
Transportation Sector Cost Increases
Increased spending on public transit -$1,381,248
Gross EV purchase spending difference -$183,337
Total Gross Transportation Cost Increases -$1,564,585
Potential Total Cumulative Transportation Cost Savings $7,952,649
Summary of Estimated Cumulative Savings of Modeled Reductions
City of Falcon Heights
Notes Energy - Residential
Residential Savings - grid electricity to customer owned solar
Formula:
Cumulative kWh converted to solar x Average cost savings per kWh = Residential solar savings
Residential kWh converted (goal year)1,166,795
Cumulative residential kWh converted (through goal year)7,000,768
Average net solar cost savings per solar kWh $0.058
6a Average solar installation cost per KW $3,116.50
7 Average kWh produced annually per solar pv KW installed 1,287
Estimated installed solar PV KW installed (goal year) 907
Estimated total solar installation costs $2,825,420
8 Est average lifespan kWh produced per solar pv KW installed 38,429
8 Estimated cumulative lifespan kWh produced 34,839,759
9 Estimated value of cumulative lifespan kWh produced $4,840,145
Average solar cost savings per kWh produced $0.058
Residential solar savings $404,843
Residential Savings - community solar
Formula:
Cumulative kWh converted to community solar x Average cost savings per kWh = Residential community solar savings
Residential kWh converted (goal year)0
Cumulative residential kWh converted (through goal year)0
10 Average community solar cost savings per kWh $0.010
Residential solar savings $0
Residential Savings - utility purchased renewable
Formula:
Residential kWh converted (goal year)1,166,795
Cumulative residential kWh converted (through goal year)7,000,768
11 Average utility purchased cost/savings per kWh -$0.013
Residential utility purchased cost/savings -$88,840
Residential Savings - electrical energy efficiency
Formula:
Residential kWh saved (goal year)648,219
Cumulative residential kWh saved (through goal year)3,889,316
10 The average cost savings per kWh of community solar subscription is estimated at 10%.
6a Recent average cost per KW is 1000x the per watt cost reported by Solar Reviews https://www.solarreviews.com Value
includes assumed financing costs based on 20% initial payment and 80% financed through 10 year loan with 3.5% annual
interest rate. Potential savings from tax credits, depreciation, or grants are not included and would reduce these costs.
7 Calculations are based on the geographic energy production factor ( https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf )
multiplied by an average performance ratio of 78% ( https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/57991.pdf )
8 Based on an assumed average useful life of 32.5 years according to NREL research with an average degradation rate of 0.5%
( https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy24osti/90042.pdf )
9 Savings per kWh based on average electricity cost per kWh ( https://www.electricitylocal.com/ ) calculated to the solar
array's midlife (year 16) using an estimated average electrical cost inflation of 2% annually
Cumulative kWh converted to utility purchased renewable x Average cost/savings per kWh = Residential utility purchased
cost/savings
11 The average cost/savings per kWh of utility purchased renewable energy subscription is based on utility fee information.
Negative numbers indicate increased consumer spending
Cumulative kWh saved from energy efficiency x Average cost per kWh = Gross Residential electrical energy efficiency savings -
Residential Efficiency Upgrade Costs = Net Residential Electrical Energy Efficiency Savings
12a Average cost per kWh $0.101
Gross Residential electrical energy efficiency savings $393,599
13 Residential Electrical Efficiency Upgrade Costs -$346,367
Net Residential Electrical Energy Efficiency Savings $47,232
Residential Savings - natural gas energy efficiency
Formula:
14 Residential therms saved (goal year)58,767
14 Cumulative residential therms saved (through goal year)352,604
15 Average cost per therm $1.848
Gross Residential natural gas energy efficiency savings $651,612
14, 16 Residential Natural Gas Efficiency Upgrade Costs -$573,419
Net Residential Electrical Natrual Gas Efficiency Savings $78,193
Potential Total Cumulative Residential Energy Cost Savings
Formula:
Residential solar savings $404,843
Residential community solar savings $0
Residential utility purchased renewable cost/savings -$88,840
Residential electrical efficiency savings (net)$47,232
Residential natural gas energy efficiency savings (net)$78,193
Potential Total Cumulative Residential Energy Savings $441,428
Cumulative therms saved from energy efficiency x Average cost per therm = Gross Residential natural gas energy efficiency
savings - Residential Natural Gas Efficiency Upgrade Costs = Net Residential Electrical Natural Gas Efficiency Savings
13 Assumed energy efficiency upgrade costs are calculated assuming an average ROI of12% (
https://www.aceee.org/blog/2019/05/existing-homes-energy-efficiency ) Negative numbers indicate increased consumer
14 Includes fuel switching from fossil fuel heat to electric
15 Energy efficiency savings for natural gas is based on average natural gas cost per therm ( https://naturalgaslocal.com/ )
16 Assumed energy efficiency upgrade costs are calculated assuming an average ROI of12% (
https://www.aceee.org/blog/2019/05/existing-homes-energy-efficiency ) Negative numbers indicate increased consumer
spending
Residential solar savings + Residential community solar savings + Residential utility purchased renewable + Residential
electrical efficiency savings + Residential natural gas energy efficiency savings - Residential increased electrical costs =
Potential Total Cumulative Residential Energy Savings
12a Energy efficiency savings per kWh saved based on average electricity cost per kWh: ( https://www.electricitylocal.com/ )
Summary of Estimated Cumulative Savings of Modeled Reductions
City of Falcon Heights
Notes Energy - Non Residential
Non-Residential Savings - grid electricity to solar
Formula:
Cumulative kWh converted to solar x Average cost savings per kWh = Non-Residential solar savings
Non-Residential kWh converted (goal year)1,554,891
Cumulative Non-Residential kWh converted (through goal year)9,329,346
Average solar cost savings per kWh $0.050
6b Average solar installation cost per KW $1,978.00
7 Average kWh produced annually per solar pv KW installed 1,287
Estimated installed solar PV KW installed (goal year) 1,208
Estimated total solar installation costs $2,389,724
8 Estimated average lifespan kWh produced per solar pv KW installed 38,429
8 Estimated cumulative lifespan kWh produced 46,428,071
9 Estimated value of cumulative lifespan kWh produced $4,712,200
Average solar cost savings per kWh produced $0.050
Non-Residential solar savings $466,683
Non-Residential Savings - community solar
Formula:
Cumulative kWh converted to community solar x Average cost savings per kWh = Non-Residential community solar savings
Non-Residential kWh converted (goal year)0
Cumulative Non-Residential kWh converted (through goal year)0
10 Average solar cost savings per solar kWh $0.01
Commercial solar savings $0
Non-Residential Savings - utility purchased renewable
Formula:
Non-Residential kWh converted (goal year)1,554,891
Cumulative Non-Residential kWh converted (through goal year)9,329,346
11 Average utility purchased cost/savings per kWh -$0.013
Non-Residential utility purchased cost/savings -$118,389
Non-Residential Savings - electrical energy efficiency
Formula:
10 The average cost savings per kWh of community solar subscription is estimated at 10%.
6b Recent average cost per KW is 1000x the per watt cost reported for commercial solar arrays by NREL (
https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/77324.pdf https://www.nrel.gov/solar/market-research-analysis/solar-installed-system-
cost.html ) Value includes assumed financing costs based on 20% initial payment and 80% financed through 10 year loan with
3.5% annual interest rate. Potential savings from tax credits, depreciation, or grants are not included and would reduce these
costs.
7 Calculations are based on the geographic energy production factor ( https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf )
multiplied by an average performance ratio of 78% ( https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/57991.pdf )
8 Based on an assumed average useful life of 32.5 years according to NREL research with an average degradation rate of 0.5%
( https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy24osti/90042.pdf )
9 Savings per kWh based on average electricity cost per kWh ( https://www.electricitylocal.com/ ) calculated to the solar
array's midlife (year 16) using an estimated average electrical cost inflation of 2% annually
Cumulative kWh converted to utility purchased renewable x Average cost/savings per kWh = Non-Residential utility
purchased cost/savings
11 The average cost/savings per kWh of utility purchased renewable energy subscription is based on utility fee information.
Negative numbers indicate increased consumer spending
Commercial kWh saved (goal year)2,591,485
Cumulative commercial kWh saved (through goal year)15,548,909
12b Average cost per kWh $0.074
Gross Commercial electrical energy efficiency savings $1,149,583
13 Commercial Electrical Efficiency Upgrade Costs -$1,011,633
Net Commercial Electrical Energy Efficiency Savings $137,950
Non-Residential Savings - natural gas energy efficiency
Formula:
14 Non-Residential therms saved (year 10)177,945
14 Cumulative Non-Residential therms saved 1,067,670
15 Average cost per therm $0.431
Gross Non-Residential natural gas energy efficiency savings $460,166
14, 16 Non-Residential Natural Gas Efficiency Upgrade Costs -$404,946
Net Non-Residential Natural Gas Energy Efficiency Savings $55,220
Potential Total Cumulative Non-Residential Energy Cost Savings
Formula:
Non-Residential solar savings $466,683
Non-Residential community solar savings $0
Non-Residential utility purchased renewable cost/savings -$118,389
Non-Residential electrical efficiency savings $137,950
Non-Residential natural gas energy efficiency savings $55,220
Potential Total Cumulative Non-Residential Energy Savings $541,463
Cumulative kWh saved from energy efficiency x Average cost per kWh = Gross Non-Residential electrical energy efficiency
savings - Non-Residential Efficiency Upgrade Costs = Net Non-Residential Electrical Energy Efficiency Savings
Cumulative therms saved from energy efficiency x Average cost per therm = Gross Non-Residential natural gas energy
efficiency savings - Non-Residential Natural Gas Efficiency Upgrade Costs = Net Non-Residential Electrical Natural Gas Efficiency
Savings
14 Includes fuel switching from fossil fuel heat to electric
16 Assumed energy efficiency upgrade costs are calculated assuming an average ROI of12% (
https://www.aceee.org/blog/2019/05/existing-homes-energy-efficiency ) Negative numbers indicate increased consumer
spending
Non-Residential solar savings + Non-Residential community solar savings + Non-Residential utility purchased renewable + Non-
Residential electrical efficiency savings + Non-Residential natural gas energy efficiency savings - Non-Residential increased
electrical costs = Potential Total Cumulative Non-Residential Energy Savings
15 Energy efficiency savings for natural gas is based on average natural gas cost per therm https://naturalgaslocal.com/
12b Energy efficiency savings per kWh saved based on average electricity cost per kWh reported for commercial and
industrial with a weighted average (2/3rds commercial rate, 1/3rd industrial rate) reflecting typical non-residential electric
consumption patterns ( https://www.electricitylocal.com/ )
13 Assumed energy efficiency upgrade costs are calculated assuming an average ROI of12% (
https://www.aceee.org/blog/2019/05/existing-homes-energy-efficiency ) Negative numbers indicate increased consumer
spending
Potential Total Cumulative Energy Cost Savings (Residential + Non-Residential)
Energy sector savings - Energy sector cost increases = Potential Total Cumulative Energy Cost Savings
Energy Sector Savings
Total solar energy savings $871,526
Total community solar energy savings $0
Total energy efficiency savings - electricity $1,543,181
Total energy efficiency savings - natural gas $1,111,778
Total Gross Energy Savings $3,526,485
Energy Sector Cost Increases
Total solar PV installation costs (included in estimated Total Solar Energy Savings)
Total utility purchased renewable cost/savings -$207,229
Total energy efficiency upgrade costs - electricity -$1,358,000
Total energy efficiency upgrade costs - natural gas -$978,365
Total Gross Energy Cost Increases -$2,543,594
Potential Total Cumulative Energy Cost Savings $982,892
Formula:
Summary of Estimated Cumulative Savings of Modeled Reductions
City of Falcon Heights
Notes Solid Waste - Residential
Residential savings - Food Waste Reduction
Formula:
Cumulative tons of food waste reduced and diverted x Average cost savings per ton = Residential food waste savings
Residential food waste reduced (goal year)31
Cumulative residential food waste reduced (through goal year)188
17 Average cost savings per ton reduced $2,469
Residential food waste savings $463,869
Potential Total Cumulative Residential Solid Waste Reduction Cost Savings
Residential food waste savings $463,869
Notes Solid Waste - Non-Residential
Non-Residential savings - Solid Waste Reduction
Formula:
Cumulative participant/years x Average reported cost savings per participant/year = Non-Residential solid waste savings
Participating businesses (goal year)50
Cumulative participant/years (through goal year)550
18 Average cost savings per participant/year $431
Commercial solid waste savings $1,422,300
Commercial savings - Food Waste Reduction
Formula:
Cumulative tons of food waste reduced and diverted x Average cost savings per ton = Non-Residential food waste savings
Commercial food waste reduced (goal year)37
Cumulative non-residential food waste reduced (through goal year)221
19 Average cost savings per ton reduced $494
Commercial food waste savings $108,908
17 Value per ton of residential food waste avoided is based on average for Prevent and Recover strategies by ReFED "A
Roadmap To Reduce U.S. Food Waste" ( https://refed.com/downloads/the-roadmap-to-reduce-u-s--food-waste/ ). Food
waste share of total organics diverted is calculated based on available waste sort data (see Baseline Assessment document)
19: Average cost savings per ton of food waste avoided is based on an assumed 20% wholesale share of value per ton of
residential food waste average for Prevent and Recover strategies by ReFED "A Roadmap To Reduce U.S. Food Waste" (
https://refed.com/downloads/the-roadmap-to-reduce-u-s--food-waste/ ) Additionally, the World Resources Institute
conducted a study which found that for every $1 invested in food waste reduction, businesses saved $14 in operational costs (
https://www.wri.org/news/release-new-research-finds-companies-saved-14-every-1-invested-reducing-food-waste )
18 Savings per business engaged in waste reduction programs are based on MN WasteWise reported average business savings
($431) escalated to 5 year (mid point) Cumulative savings assume businesss reduction strategies remain in force (
https://www.mnchamber.com/your-opportunity/waste-wise )
Potential Total Cumulative Solid Waste Savings
Formula:
Residential Food Waste Savings $463,869
Non-Residential Solid Waste Savings $1,422,300
Non-Residential Food Waste Savings $108,908
Potential Total Cumulative Solid Waste Savings $1,995,078
Residential Food Waste Savings + Commercial Solid Waste Savings + Commercial Food Waste Savings = Potential Total Cumulative
Solid Waste Savings
The following are abbreviations and terms
used in the Climate Action Plan as well as
others common to sustainability and
climate action concepts.
Click here to return to TOC Appendix C
Abbreviations and Glossary of Terms
C -1 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
1
Abbreviations
ADU Accessory Dwelling Unit
BAU Business as usual forecast
BEV Battery electric vehicle
BIPOC Black, Indigenous, people of color
C&D Construction and demolition
CAP Climate Action Plan
CE Carbon Equivalent
CDP Carbon Disclosure Project
CFC Chlorofluorocarbons
CH4 Methane
CHP Combined Heat and Power
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CO2 e Carbon dioxide equivalent
CSG Community Solar Garden
DCFC Direct Current Fast Charger
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
EMS Emergency medical services
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EV Electric vehicle
EVSE Electric vehicle supply equipment
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FTE Full-time equivalent
GCoM Global Covenant of Mayors
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GHG Greenhouse gas
GWP Global warming potential
HFC Hydrofluorocarbons
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
ICE Internal Combustion Engine vehicle
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change
kWh Kilowatt-hour
LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design
LEV Low emission vehicle
LIDAC Lower Income and
Disadvantaged Community
MWH Megawatt hour – 1,000 Kilowatt-hours
MSW Municipal Solid Waste
MT Metric ton equivalent to 1,000 kg (also
known as Metric Tonne)
MMT Million Metric tons
MMBTU Million British Thermal Units
MT CO2 e Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
N2O Nitrous Oxide
NOx Nitrogen Oxides
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
NZE Net-Zero Emissions
O3 Ozone
ODS Ozone Depleting Substances
PACE Property Assessed Clean Energy
PFC Perfluorocarbons
PHEV Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
PM2.5 Particulate matter of 2.5 micrometer
diameter or less
POC People of color
PPA Power Purchase Agreement
PUB Public Utilities Board
PV Photovoltaic (solar photovoltaic)
REC Renewable Energy Credit
RCP Representative Concentration Pathway
SO2 Sulfur Dioxide
SF6 Sulfur Hexafluoride
SULEV Super ultra-low emission vehicle
t Ton equivalent to 2,000 lbs (United
States)
TOG Total Organic Gasses
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
VMT Vehicle miles traveled
VHT Vehicle hours traveled
ZEV Zero emission vehicle
ZNEB Zero Net Energy Building
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
2
A
Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU)
Accessory dwelling unit means a second dwelling
unit contained within a single-family dwelling or
within a detached building located on the same lot
as a single-family dwelling.
Action
Specific tasks set out to realize the objectives and
methods highlighted in a given plan.
Activity Data
Information regarding the scale of human actions
that lead to emissions or removals within a specified
timeframe. This includes data like energy
consumption, metal production, land coverage,
management procedures, and usage of lime,
fertilizers, and waste generation.
Adaptation
Refer to “Climate Readiness or Resilience”
Adaptive Capacity
The combination of societal, technological, and
monetary abilities that individuals or groups possess
to initiate and sustain actions against climate
change.
Aerosols
Airborne particles, either solid or liquid, typically
ranging between 0.01 and 10 micrometers. These
particles, which can be of natural or human-made
origin, can persist in the atmosphere for extended
periods. They can affect climate by directly
interfering with radiation or indirectly by influencing
cloud properties.
Afforestation
The process of establishing forests on lands that
weren't previously forested.
Air Pollutant
Any substance, either originating from human
activities or naturally, present in the atmosphere
that might have detrimental impacts on humans,
fauna, flora, or materials.
Anthropogenic
In relation to greenhouse gas records,
"anthropogenic" denotes emissions and removals
directly stemming from human actions or from
natural processes influenced by human activities.
Atmosphere
The layer of gases encasing the Earth. It mainly
consists of nitrogen and oxygen, along with trace
gases like argon, helium, and certain greenhouse
gases like carbon dioxide and ozone. The
atmosphere also encompasses varying amounts of
water vapor and contains other components like
clouds and aerosol particles.
B
Baseline Emissions
A reference point, either through measurement,
calculation, or a specific timeframe, for making
comparisons. It represents emission levels in
scenarios devoid of policy changes or project
implementations. Such evaluations are crucial to
gauge the impact of emissions-reducing measures.
Base Year
The initial year used for data gathering. Emission-
reducing goals are often set with this year as a
reference.
Beneficial Electrification
Beneficial electrification is the process of replacing
fossil fuels with electricity to reduce energy costs
and greenhouse gas emissions. It can be applied to
many sectors, including transportation, residential
buildings, and commercial buildings.
Biogenic
Derived from the biological activities of living
entities. The term "biogenic" exclusively pertains to
recently formed biological materials. The IPCC
suggests categorizing peat as fossil carbon due to its
lengthy replacement cycle.
Biogeochemical Cycle
The continuous transfer of essential chemicals,
crucial for life, within Earth's systems, including
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus.
Biomass
Refers either to (1) the combined weight of all living
organisms within a designated area or species,
usually represented as dry weight or (2) Organic
substances originating from or recently derived from
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
3
living beings, excluding peat, and encompasses
derived products and waste.
Biomass Waste
Biological, non-fossil substances of biological origin
that are either residual or discarded. This definition
includes biogenic municipal waste, landfill gas, and
other forms of biomass but excludes certain fuels
and biofuels. EIA's data on "biomass waste" also
count energy crops produced specifically for power
generation.
BIPOC
Defined as "Black, Indigenous, and people of color",
this U.S.-specific term emphasizes the experiences of
Black and Indigenous communities, showcasing or
influencing the broader socio-economic dynamics
encountered by all non-white individuals.
Black Carbon
A type of aerosol characterized based on its capacity
to absorb light, its chemical reactivity, and/or
thermal resistance; comprises elements like soot and
charcoal.
Blue Carbon
Carbon that's absorbed and retained by coastal
ecosystems and wetlands, aiding in countering
climate change impacts.
British Thermal Unit (BTU)
A conventional measure of thermal energy,
representing the energy needed to elevate the
temperature of a pound of water by a single degree
Fahrenheit.
Business As Usual Forecast (BAU)
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) describes this as the predicted emission levels
if upcoming trends emulate historical ones and no
additional policy amendments are enacted. This
projection presumes no further emission-curbing
actions will be adopted beyond existing or
committed measures. BAU forecasts do include
anticipated reductions resulting from existing
requirements or commitments, such as federal
vehicle fuel efficiency standards and electric utility
carbon-reduction commitments, which are outside
the scope of this plan.
C
Carbon Cycle
The systematic flow and storage of carbon across
different reservoirs. This involves four primary
carbon storage areas: the atmosphere, the
terrestrial environment (including freshwater
systems), oceans, and sediments (which encompass
fossil fuels). The carbon exchanges between these
reservoirs are driven by a mix of chemical, physical,
geological, and biological factors. Though the ocean
holds a significant amount of near-surface carbon, its
exchange with the atmosphere is relatively slow.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
A gas found naturally in the environment, but also
produced from burning fossil fuels, biomass, through
land-use alterations, and various industrial activities.
As the main human-induced greenhouse gas, it
impacts the Earth's ability to reflect heat. Other
greenhouse gases are often measured relative to
CO2, which has a Global Warming Potential set at 1.
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2 e)
A standard for comparing the emissions from
different greenhouse gases based on their potential
to warm the planet. It's determined by equating the
amount of a gas emitted to the amount of CO2 that
would have the same global warming impact.
Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)
A global initiative allowing organizations and cities to
publicly share their environmental impacts, notably
related to climate risks. CDP stands as one of the
recognized disclosure platforms endorsed by GCoM.
Carbon Emissions
The process of releasing carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere, primarily through human activities like
burning fossil fuels for energy.
Carbon Equivalent (CE)
A metric for comparing emissions from various
greenhouse gases based on their capacity to
influence global warming. Carbon equivalents are
derived from carbon dioxide equivalents using a
specific conversion factor related to molecular
weights.
Carbon Free
Activities, systems, or products that don't emit
carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases. Often
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
4
associated with sustainable or renewable energy
discussions, not every "carbon free" source is
renewable. For instance, while both wind and
nuclear energy are carbon-free, only wind is
renewable.
Carbon Intensity
The ratio of carbon emitted for every unit of energy
used. A typical measure of this is the carbon weight
per British thermal unit (Btu) of energy. When
considering a single fuel type, carbon intensity and
the emission coefficient are the same. With multiple
fuels, it's an aggregate value.
Carbon Neutral / Carbon Neutrality
Achieving a balance where the amount of CO2
produced annually is equal to the amount removed
or offset, leading to net-zero CO2 emissions by a
specific date. Carbon Neutrality is also sometimes
applied to all greenhouse gas emissions. In those
instances the term is sometimes used
interchangeably with “Net Zero” or “Climate
Neutral”
Carbon Offsets
Mechanisms to counterbalance carbon dioxide or
other greenhouse gas emissions by funding
equivalent reductions elsewhere. They are
quantified in metric tonnes of CO2 -equivalent and
can be traded to neutralize emissions from an
entity's operations.
Carbon Sinks
Natural environments, such as forests or oceans,
recognized for their ability to absorb and store
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Carbon Sequestration
The process of capturing and storing CO2, either in
oceans, terrestrial environments like forests and
soils, or in geological formations underground.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Gases, regulated under the 1987 Montreal Protocol,
used in several applications like refrigeration and air
conditioning. Since they don't break down in the
lower atmosphere, they reach the upper
atmosphere and can deplete ozone. Their usage is
being phased out in favor of alternative compounds,
some of which are greenhouse gases under the
Kyoto Protocol.
Circular Economy
A sustainable economic model that deviates from
the traditional linear approach (produce, use,
discard) by focusing on reducing resource inputs and
waste. It emphasizes durable product design, repair,
reuse, and recycling to minimize waste.
Clean Energy
Clean, or “carbon-free,” energy is electricity
produced by facilities that do not release
greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, during the
generation process.
Climate
Often described as the "typical weather" of an area,
climate is a statistical representation of weather
patterns over extended periods, typically 30 years as
per World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
standards. It encompasses averages and variability
of factors like temperature and precipitation. On a
broader scale, climate is the comprehensive state of
the climate system, including statistics.
Climate Adaptation or Resilience
The ability of ecosystems or communities to
anticipate, stand against, respond, and recover from
disruptive events. It involves adjusting to changing
climate conditions to lessen risks and vulnerabilities.
Climate Action Plan
A comprehensive strategy detailing steps that a
municipality, business, or government will take to
decrease greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for
climate change, fostering sustainable and resilient
growth.
Climate Change
Any significant, lasting change in the average or
variability of climate conditions over extensive
periods. It can stem from natural processes,
persistent changes in atmospheric composition due
to human activities, or alterations in land use.
Climate Hazard
A climate event or situation that can negatively
affect human health, resources, or livelihoods,
encompassing sudden shifts in climate systems like
heavy rainfall or prolonged droughts.
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
5
Climate Migration
The relocation of individuals due to the effects of
climate change impacting their way of life or
degrading their living conditions. This can result from
changing water supplies, altered agricultural yields,
or factors like rising sea levels and increased storm
intensity.
Climate Model
A mathematical representation used to simulate the
key components of climate, including the
atmosphere, oceans, land, and ice. These models are
used to forecast potential future climate changes.
Climate Neutral / Climate Neutrality
Achieving a balance where the amount of all GHG
emissions produced annually is equal to the amount
removed or offset, leading to net-zero GHG
emissions by a specific date. “Climate Neutral” is
sometimes used interchangeably with “Carbon
Neutral”, however, “Carbon Neutral” often
interpreted as addressing CO2 emissions only,
whereas “Climate Neutral” is intended to address all
GHG gases.
Climate Scenario
A structured and logical narrative of potential future
climatic conditions, built on a set of assumptions
about potential future events.
Climate Risk
The potential negative outcomes due to climatic
changes, where valuable assets are at risk. The risk is
calculated based on the likelihood of certain climate
events or changes happening and the potential
impact of those changes. It is a product of the
system's vulnerability and the climate hazards faced.
Climate Vulnerability
The extent to which a system is at risk from adverse
climate changes, including climate variability and
extremes. It depends on how exposed the system is
to these changes, its inherent sensitivity, and its
ability to adapt. Vulnerability can be described as the
potential negative impact minus the system's
adaptive capacity.
Climate Vulnerability Assessment
An analysis aiming to pinpoint and categorize the
threats posed by climate change. It guides the
creation of strategies to address these threats and
can cover diverse areas like food security, socio-
economic factors, and extreme weather patterns.
Co-Benefit
Additional advantages or benefits (e.g., health,
economic, societal) that arise indirectly from climate
adaptation and mitigation measures.
Co-generation
A facility or system that simultaneously and
efficiently produces multiple forms of energy, usually
heat and power, in an integrated manner.
Community Choice Aggregation (CCA)
CCA programs, or sometimes known as “Community
Power Aggregation”, empower local governments to
source power for their citizens, businesses, and
municipal facilities from alternative providers, while
still utilizing the distribution services of their existing
utilities. Setting up a CCA generally needs state-level
legislation. For more details, one can visit EPA’s
dedicated CCA website: [EPA’s CCA webpage
https://www.epa.gov/green-power-
markets/community-choice-aggregation ]
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
A system designed to concurrently generate
electricity and useful heat, aiming for optimal energy
use. Some utilities might sell the heat produced for
public use, while certain industries might sell surplus
electricity to other businesses or utility companies.
Community Power Aggregation
Refer to “Community Choice Aggregation”
Community Solar / Community Solar Garden (CSG)
Shared solar installations that allow community
members to benefit from solar energy without
installing panels on individual properties.
Participants receive bill credits based on their share
of the generated power. Generally, the electricity
from community solar farms is priced lower than
traditional utility rates.
Complete Streets
A street design concept that ensures streets are
made to accommodate all users safely and
efficiently, regardless of their mode of
transportation or age.
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
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Consistency
Ensuring that an inventory remains uniform in its
methodologies and data over time. If the same
methods and datasets are consistently applied over
years, then the inventory is considered consistent.
Continuous Emission Monitor (CEM)
A monitoring system placed within smokestacks or
other emission sources that continuously measures
and reports air emissions.
Cool Roof
Roofing materials engineered to reflect more
sunlight and absorb less heat, thereby reducing the
heat transferred to the building or its surroundings.
Cool Pavement
Pavement materials designed to reflect sunlight and
decrease heat absorption, minimizing heat transfer
to the nearby environment.
Criteria Air Pollutant
Specific air pollutants for which permissible
exposure levels are determined, and corresponding
air quality standards are established. Examples
include carbon monoxide, ozone, and various
particulates. The term arises from the U.S. EPA's
obligation to define these pollutants and their
impacts on health and the environment. Standards
can be reviewed and updated based on new
scientific information.
D
Decarbonization
The transition towards reducing carbon emissions by
adopting cleaner energy sources, enhancing energy
efficiency, or capturing and storing released carbon.
The ultimate aim is to minimize the climate impact
and move towards a carbon-neutral society.
Deforestation
The conversion of forested areas into non-forest
uses. Deforestation is often linked to the amplified
greenhouse effect for two main reasons: the
combustion or decay of wood releases carbon
dioxide, and the removed trees no longer absorb
atmospheric carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.
Demand Side Management (DSM)
Initiatives designed to modify consumer energy
consumption patterns using methods like education
and financial incentives. DSM seeks to reduce energy
consumption, particularly during peak demand
periods, and shift usage to times when demand is
typically lower.
Direct Current Fast Charger (DCFC)
DCFC charging is designed to deliver more power at
faster speeds than Level 2 chargers with outputs
ranging from 50 kW to 350 kW. They can recharge
an EV battery to 80% in anywhere from 15 minutes
to 45 minutes, depending on the vehicle's voltage
capacity. DCFC is also sometimes known as “Level 3
charging”, or “Rapid Charging”.
Distillate Fuel Oil
A category of petroleum products obtained through
standard distillation processes. This encompasses
diesel fuels and fuel oils, including types like No. 1,
No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel. These products are used
in various engines, from road vehicles to trains and
agricultural equipment. Additionally, No. 1, No. 2,
and No. 4 fuel oils are typically employed for heating
spaces and generating electricity.
District Heating
A system that distributes heat, generated at a
centralized point, via a network of pipes to provide
heating for homes and businesses in a specified area
or community.
E
Ecosystem Services
The benefits ecosystems offer to human welfare.
These benefits range from tangible resources like
water and food to services like air purification, flood
control, and climate stabilization.
Electric Vehicle (EV)
A vehicle that can be powered by an electric motor
that draws electricity from a battery and is capable
of being charged from an external source. An EV
includes both a vehicle that can only be powered by
an electric motor that draws electricity from a
battery (all-electric vehicle) and a vehicle that can be
powered by an electric motor that draws electricity
from a battery and by an internal combustion engine
(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle).
Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)
The infrastructure that allows electric vehicles to
charge from an electricity source. It's also known as
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
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an EV charging station, EV charger, or charging dock.
EVSE takes electrical power from the grid and
transfers it to the vehicle's battery.
Emissions
The act of discharging certain substances, often
gases in the context of climate change, into the
environment.
Emission Factor
A value that signifies the amount of a gas emitted or
removed per unit of activity. This coefficient is
usually derived from a collection of measurement
data and provides a representative emission rate for
a set of specific conditions.
Emission Inventory
A calculation of the total pollutants released into the
atmosphere from various significant sources,
measured over a defined period, such as daily or
annually.
Emission Rate
The quantity of a specific pollutant released over a
set duration, commonly expressed in units like tons
per year.
Energy Burden
The fraction of a household's total income spent on
energy costs. An "high" energy burden is identified
when energy costs comprise 6% or more of the
household income, while it's deemed "severe" if
above 10%.
Energy Savings / Energy Efficiency
Refers to the sustainable reduction in the amount of
energy consumed for the same level of output or
performance. For instance, a modern heater that
requires less energy to provide the same warmth
results in energy efficiency improvements.
Energy Tariff
A pricing structure, or utility tariff, that dictates how
consumers are charged by energy providers for their
electric or gas consumption. Energy tariffs are
subject to government approval and review.
Environmental Justice
The equitable treatment and active participation of
all individuals, regardless of their race, ethnicity,
income, or origin, in the processes related to
environmental laws, policies, and regulations.
Equity
Being just and fair in treatment, acknowledging that
people have diverse circumstances and providing
them with the necessary resources and
opportunities to achieve equal outcomes. In terms of
climate change, equity encompasses both shielding
from environmental hazards and ensuring access to
environmental benefits, irrespective of socio-
economic factors.
F
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
A federal agency that leads the country's response to
disasters, including natural disasters, man-made
incidents, and terrorist events.
Fluorocarbons
Molecules made up of carbon and fluorine, which
can also include elements like hydrogen, chlorine, or
bromine. Some well-known types are
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and perfluorocarbons
(PFCs).
Flux
(1) Materials, like limestone and dolomite, used to
moderate the heat or energy demands of mineral
processing, like metal smelting. They can also
function as agents to produce slag. (2) The rate or
volume of a liquid or gas moving across a specific
area over time, such as the " CO2 absorption rate by
forests".
Fossil Fuel
Deposits of hydrocarbons formed from ancient
organic matter, including coal, oil, and natural gas.
Fuel Combustion
The intentional burning of materials in a device
designed to provide heat or mechanical energy. This
process can be for direct application or use
elsewhere.
Fuel Switch (see also “Beneficial Electrification”)
The process of transitioning from one energy source
to another, commonly from non-renewable sources
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
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like fossil fuels to renewable ones like wind or solar,
to reduce both costs and emissions.
Fugitive Emissions
Unintentional leaks of gases from surfaces such as
seals or underground pipelines due to deterioration
or faults.
G
Geologic Carbon Sequestration
The practice of capturing CO2, often from sources
like coal-powered plants, and injecting it deep
underground for storage. With careful site selection
and management, this approach has potential in
reducing atmospheric CO2 levels.
GHG
Refer to “Greenhouse Gas”
Global Environmental Change
Significant, accelerated alterations to Earth's natural
systems, encompassing climate shifts, biodiversity
loss, resource depletion, pollution, and other large-
scale environmental disruptions.
Global Warming
The average rise in atmospheric temperature near
the Earth's surface and within the troposphere,
which can lead to shifts in global climate. This
warming can arise from both natural phenomena
and human activities. Typically, "global warming" is
used to refer to the temperature increase resulting
from the enhanced emissions of greenhouse gases
due to human actions. See also Climate Change.
Global Warming Potential (GWP)
An index that calculates the radiative effects of
greenhouse gases, considering their ability to trap
heat compared to carbon dioxide over a specified
timeframe. The GWP evaluates the cumulative effect
of these gases in the atmosphere based on their
longevity and their potential to absorb infrared
radiation. The Kyoto Protocol uses GWPs derived
from 100-year timespan emissions.
GCoM Global Covenant of Mayors
GCoM represents the world's largest alliance
dedicated to urban climate leadership. Comprising
over 10,000 city and local governments, GCoM's goal
is to encourage and support action on climate and
energy at the grassroots level globally.
Green Streets
An urban design approach that incorporates plant
life, soil, and engineered structures to manage, slow,
and purify stormwater runoff from surfaces that
don't absorb water.
Greenhouse Effect
A natural process where specific gases in the
atmosphere trap heat near the Earth's surface,
leading to a warming effect. If concentrations of
these greenhouse gases increase, this effect
intensifies, leading to a gradual increase in the
Earth's temperature.
Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse
Gas Emissions Inventories
A comprehensive and transparent framework
adopted globally for cities and local governments to
consistently measure, calculate, and report their
greenhouse gas emissions.
Greenhouse Gas
A gas that can absorb and emit infrared radiation,
contributing to the greenhouse effect. Some
common greenhouse gases include water vapor,
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and certain
industrial gases like hydrofluorocarbons.
Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Efforts aimed at diminishing the amount of
greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere,
thereby mitigating potential adverse climate
impacts.
Green Infrastructure
Green infrastructure encompasses a diverse array of
green spaces and features, both in urban and rural
areas, that serve to enhance the well-being of
communities and provide environmental
advantages. It extends beyond traditional open
spaces like parks and playing fields to include a range
of measures that use plant or soil systems,
permeable pavement and surfaces, stormwater
harvest and reuse, or landscaping to manage
stormwater and reduce flows to sewer systems or to
surface waters. This approach helps counter water
pollution in urbanized areas caused by stormwater
carrying contaminants.
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
9
Green Roof
A roof that incorporates vegetation over a
waterproof layer. Green roofs can be categorized as
extensive, intensive, or semi-intensive based on the
depth of planting medium and amount of
maintenance they require. They offer benefits like
mitigating the heat island effect, managing
stormwater, and enhancing green space in urban
areas.
Green Wall
This is a vertical extension of the green roof concept,
where vegetation is grown on building exteriors.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The total value of goods and services produced
within a country's borders in a specific timeframe,
typically a year. It doesn't account for the
depreciation of assets or depletion of natural
resources.
Groundwater
Water located beneath the Earth's surface, filling the
spaces between soils and rocks.
H
Halocarbons
A group of organic compounds composed partially of
halogens. They encompass chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), halons, and more. Many
halocarbons have significant Global Warming
Potentials and some also contribute to ozone layer
depletion.
Hazard
The potential for an event, whether natural or
human-induced, to cause harm to people, property,
infrastructure, or the environment.
Heat Island
An urban area that exhibits higher temperatures
than its surrounding rural areas due to human
activities. This phenomenon is attributed to factors
like heat-absorbing surfaces and structures. See also
“Micro Heat Island”.
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
Systems that regulate and move heated and cooled
air throughout buildings. HVAC systems are used to
improve air quality and maintain a comfortable
indoor climate.
Hydrocarbons
Compounds made up of only hydrogen and carbon
atoms. The term can also refer to petroleum
compounds which might contain elements like
sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen. Unsaturated
hydrocarbons contain either double or triple carbon-
carbon bonds.
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Molecules made up of hydrogen, fluorine, and
carbon. These were developed as replacements for
ozone-depleting substances and are used in a variety
of industrial processes. While HFCs don't deplete the
ozone layer, they are potent greenhouse gases with
varying Global Warming Potentials.
I
ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability
An association of local governmental entities
focused on reducing carbon emissions and fostering
sustainable urban growth. ICLEI members, along
with a team of specialists, collaborate through
capacity building, partnerships, and peer interaction
to effect change towards urban sustainability.
Impact
A consequence or effect that arises due to climate
change on any system's structure or functioning.
Examples include severe heatwaves, sea-level rise,
or alterations in rainfall causing floods or droughts.
Indicator
A numerical representation highlighting a specific
facet of vulnerability to climate change. For instance,
a forecasted alteration in annual average
temperature or the count of species at risk.
Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICE)
Vehicles which ignite and combust fuel within an
internal combustion engine. Fuels used in ICE
vehicles are typically gasoline and diesel.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Founded in 1988 by the World Meteorological
Organization and the United Nations Environment
Programme, the IPCC is tasked with evaluating
scientific and technical information related to all
aspects of climate change. The IPCC informs
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
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governments about the state of knowledge of
climate change by examining all the relevant
scientific literature on the subject. The IPCC is
scientific entity and is not a legislative body.
K
Kilowatt Hour (kWh)
A unit representing electrical energy consumption,
equivalent to using 1,000 watts continuously for an
hour.
Kyoto Protocol
A supplement to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ratified in
Kyoto, Japan, in 1997. This protocol incorporates
legally binding obligations to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. Countries listed in the Protocol's Annex B
pledged to reduce their emissions of six major
greenhouse gases by at least 5% from 1990 levels
between 2008 and 2012. The Protocol became
effective on February 16, 2005.
L
Land Use and Land Use Change
Land use pertains to the human activities performed
on a certain type of land cover. Meanwhile, land use
change denotes alterations in how land is managed
or utilized by humans, which can influence land
cover. Changes in land cover and land use can affect
climate properties such as surface albedo and
greenhouse gas sources/sinks, potentially
influencing climate on various scales.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
(LEED)
LEED is a certification system for evaluating and
promoting sustainable building and design practices.
Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council
(USGBC), LEED provides a framework for
environmentally responsible construction, aiming to
improve energy efficiency, reduce water usage, and
decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Buildings can
earn LEED certification at different levels (Certified,
Silver, Gold, or Platinum) based on their
performance across several criteria, including energy
use, indoor environmental quality, and sustainable
site development.
Level 1 Charger
An electric vehicle charging device that provides
charging through a common residential 120-volt
(120V) AC outlet. Level 1 chargers can take 40-50+
hours to charge a BEV to 80 percent from empty and
5-6 hours for a PHEV.
Level 2 Charger
An electric vehicle charging device with a higher AC
charging capacity than Level 1 chargers. They
typically operate at 240V for residential use
or 208V for commercial use. Level 2 chargers can
charge a BEV to 80 percent from empty in 4-10
hours and a PHEV in 1-2 hours.
LIDAC Communities
Low Income / Disadvantaged Communities
(LIDACs): Communities where residents have low
incomes, limited access to resources, and face
disproportionate environmental or climate burdens.
Living Streets
"Living streets" amalgamate the principles of green
streets and complete streets while emphasizing the
enhancement of residents' life quality in urban
areas.
LULUCF
An abbreviation for "Land Use, Land Use Change,
and Forestry," a category in greenhouse gas
inventory documentation.
M
Megawatt Hour (MWH)
An electrical energy unit denoting the consumption
of a million watts over an hour.
Methane (CH4)
A hydrocarbon that acts as a greenhouse gas with a
global warming potential estimated to be 28 times
stronger than carbon dioxide. Methane arises from
several sources, including decomposition in landfills,
flooded rice fields, digestion in animals, and fossil
fuel production. The GWP value is sourced from the
IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report (AR5).
Metric Ton
Equivalent to a Megagram or 1,000 kilograms, a
metric ton, sometimes referred to as a metric tonne,
is a standard international unit for mass.
Micro Heat Island
Smaller localized zones within urban environments
experiencing elevated temperatures in comparison
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
11
to surrounding areas. Such hotspots might include
asphalt roads, non-green roofs, or barren parking
lots. The microclimate and unique built environment
conditions heavily influence these micro heat
islands. Refer also to "Heat Island".
Million Metric Tons (MMT)
A standard measurement often utilized in
greenhouse gas documentations, equivalent to a
Teragram (Tg).
Mitigation
Efforts to reduce or curb the extent or speed of long-
term climatic warming and its associated effects.
Mitigation typically encompasses the reduction of
human-induced greenhouse gas emissions.
Mobile Sources
Transportation means that emit pollutants, including
cars, motorbikes, trucks, off-road vehicles, boats,
and planes.
Mode Share
The proportion of travelers opting for a specific
mode of transportation. Mode share serves as a vital
metric when shaping sustainable transportation
strategies in a city or region, as it highlights the
prevalent use of different transport options. This
metric showcases the effectiveness of
infrastructures, policies, investments, and urban
designs in facilitating various transport modes.
Model
A model serves as a numerically-based
representation of real-world scenarios, often
omitting or simplifying certain details to emphasize
core elements.
Municipal Power Aggregation
Refer to “Community Choice Aggregation.”
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
Waste originating from homes and certain non-
hazardous industrial, institutional, and commercial
sources. Typically, this waste is directed to municipal
disposal sites.
N
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
A US agency responsible for weather forecasting,
monitoring oceanic and atmospheric conditions,
charting the seas, conducting deep-sea exploration,
and managing fishing and protection of marine
mammals and endangered species in the US
exclusive economic zone.
Natural Sources
Emission sources that aren't human-induced,
including biological, geological sources, wildfires,
and dust carried by the wind.
Net Energy Metering (NEM)
Net Energy Metering, commonly referred to as Net
Metering, enables residential and business
consumers generating their own solar energy to sell
their surplus electricity back to the grid. The rate
schedule for NEM determines compensation for this
electricity. While net metering laws exist in many
states, in others, utilities may offer these programs
either voluntarily or due to regulatory decisions.
Net Zero Emissions (NZE)
Pertains to a community, business, institution, or
building that produces the same amount of energy it
consumes through renewable and GHG emission-
free sources, resulting in zero net emissions over a
year. With a net zero target, only a small portion of
residual emissions, no more than 5-10%, should be
offset using high-quality carbon removal methods.
Nitrogen Fixation
The process where atmospheric nitrogen gas
transforms into forms beneficial for plants and other
organisms, achieved through lightning, bacteria, and
blue-green algae. This process is integral to the
nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
Gaseous compounds comprising nitrogen and
oxygen. These gases emerge from vehicle exhaust
and power generation. As they can form
photochemical ozone, impact visibility, and harm
health, they're deemed pollutants.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
A potent greenhouse gas with a warming potential
265 times greater than carbon dioxide. Key sources
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
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encompass soil management practices, fossil fuel
burning, and biomass combustion. Its global
warming potential is derived from the IPCC's Fifth
Assessment Report (AR5).
Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)
A group that works independently of governments
to improve social conditions. NGOs are often non-
profit institutions that are established at the
community, national, or international level.
O
Ozone (O3)
A gaseous compound composed of three oxygen
atoms. In the troposphere, ozone forms naturally
and through photochemical reactions involving
human-produced gases. In the stratosphere, it forms
when solar UV radiation interacts with diatomic
oxygen. While tropospheric ozone is a greenhouse
gas, stratospheric ozone is vital for blocking harmful
UV radiation.
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)
Compounds causing the depletion of the
stratospheric ozone layer. This category includes
substances like CFCs, HCFCs, halons, and more.
These substances, predominantly stable in the
troposphere, degrade in the stratosphere under UV
radiation, releasing ozone-depleting chlorine or
bromine.
P
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Man-made compounds solely composed of carbon
and fluorine. Used as substitutes to ozone-depleting
substances and emitted during certain industrial
processes. Despite not depleting the ozone, they are
formidable greenhouse gases. (IPCC's Fourth
Assessment Report (AR4))
Phantom Load
Refers to the power consumed by electronic devices
and appliances even when switched off. Devices
drawing "phantom loads" constantly utilize
electricity.
Photosynthesis
A biological process where plants absorb carbon
dioxide to produce carbohydrates, releasing oxygen
in the process. The mechanism varies based on
different atmospheric carbon dioxide
concentrations.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)
A type of vehicle that combines features of both
gasoline-powered and electric vehicles. PHEVs use
batteries to power an electric motor, and another
fuel, such as gasoline or diesel, to power an internal
combustion engine or other propulsion source.
PHEVs can charge their batteries through charging
equipment and regenerative breaking.
Plug Load
Refers to the energy consumption of devices
plugged into electrical outlets. In offices, major plug
loads include computers, printers, and copiers. As
buildings become more energy efficient, the relative
importance of plug loads increases.
POC
An acronym for “people of color” or “person of
color”, encompassing all non-white demographic
groups. See also “BIPOC.”
Point Sources
Specific locations emitting pollutants into the
atmosphere, like industrial smokestacks.
Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)
A contract where one party, the generator, produces
electricity, and the other, the buyer, agrees to
purchase it. Individual or grouped customers can
forge PPAs with energy developers. PPAs enable
long-term renewable energy commitments and can
serve as direct renewable energy investments.
Property-Assessed Clean Energy (PACE)
A financial structure allowing property owners to
fund renewable energy and energy efficiency
improvements. Eligible properties include
residential, commercial, and industrial sites.
Upgrades can be geared toward energy efficiency,
renewable energy, and water conservation.
Process Emissions
These are emissions resulting from chemical
transformations in industrial processes that are
distinct from burning.
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
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R
RCP 8.5
A Representative Concentration Pathway climate
model frequently considered the climate model
representing “business as usual” forecasts if global
GHG emissions are not reduced and fossil fuels are
continued to be used.
Radiative Forcing
A shift in equilibrium between incoming sunlight and
outgoing infrared radiation. Ordinarily, the Earth's
incoming and outgoing radiations are almost
balanced. However, the introduction of greenhouse
gases captures more infrared radiation, reflecting it
back to Earth's surface, leading to a warming effect.
Reforestation
The act of reintroducing forests on lands that once
held forests but were later repurposed.
Regeneration
The process of reestablishing young trees, either
naturally or through human intervention, typically
preserving the existing forest type after the previous
forest has been removed.
Renewable Energy
Energy sourced from naturally renewable elements
such as the sun, wind, water, and geothermal heat.
Renewable Energy Credits (RECs)
Certificates representing the benefits and attributes
of electricity generated from renewable sources.
Each REC represents one megawatt-hour (MWh) of
renewable electricity dispatched to the grid. The
largest reduction in Evanston's emissions is
attributed to REC purchases.
Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)
climate change scenarios to project future
greenhouse gas concentrations. These pathways
describe future greenhouse gas concentrations and
have been formally adopted by the IPCC. There are
a range of RCP climate models from RCP 2.6 to RCP
8.5 reflecting a range of potential human-made GHG
emission scenarios. The numbers represent the
expected change in radiative forcing through the end
of the 21st century.
Residence Time
The typical duration a single atom or molecule
remains in a particular storage area. In the context
of greenhouse gases, it generally refers to the
duration a molecule lingers in the atmosphere.
Resilience / Resiliency
The capacity to foresee, ready for, counteract, and
promptly bounce back from climate-induced threats,
ensuring minimal damage to society, economy, and
natural settings.
Resilience Hub
A resilience hub is a community-serving facility that
supports residents and communities before, during,
and after emergencies. Resilience hubs can also
provide resources to support communities in
reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Reservoir
Either (1) a part of the climate system where a
greenhouse gas or its precursor is housed; or (2)
human-manipulated water bodies where significant
variations in water area might occur due to water
regulation.
Respiration
A biological process where living entities transform
organic substances into carbon dioxide, using up
oxygen and releasing energy in the process.
Retro-commissioning
A comprehensive approach to enhance a building's
operational efficiency by ensuring its control systems
operate optimally and align with the building's
intended and actual usage.
Ride-share
A system where individuals share transport means,
usually through carpooling or joining a vanpool.
Typically facilitated by a platform connecting drivers
with potential riders.
S
Scope 1
Refers to emissions discharged directly within the
city's boundaries due to fossil fuel combustion and
the decomposition of waste in landfills and
wastewater facilities.
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
14
Scope 2
Refers to emissions generated outside the city
resulting from the city's consumption of electricity.
Scope 3
Pertains to emissions linked to local government
functions that can be quantified and disclosed but
don't fall under Scope 1 or 2. Examples include
outsourced activities and commuting of employees.
Short Ton
A standard ton measurement in the U.S., equivalent
to 2,000 lbs or about 0.907 metric tons.
Sink
Any activity, process, or mechanism responsible for
removing a greenhouse gas, aerosol, or their
precursor from the atmosphere.
Social Cost of Carbon
An estimation of the economic damage due to
climate change effects, calculated as the monetary
value of total damages arising from emitting a single
ton of carbon dioxide.
Solar Radiation
The sun's emitted electromagnetic waves. This
radiation, also known as shortwave radiation, has
wavelengths mainly in the visible spectrum due to
the Sun's temperature.
Solar Photovoltaic (PV)
A system that directly transforms sunlight into
electricity using semiconductors, primarily silicon.
Suitable for homes, businesses, and large-scale
operations, solar PV systems can be roof-mounted,
ground-based, or integrated into building structures
to produce renewable energy.
Source
Any process or activity that introduces greenhouse
gases, aerosols, or their precursors into the
atmosphere.
Stationary Sources
Fixed locations like power stations, manufacturing
plants, and refineries that emit pollutants into the
air.
Strategy / Strategic Goal
Detailed directions built upon the foundation of the
sustainability vision and GHG reduction objectives
that guide future policy decisions, community
investments, and initiatives.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
A molecule made of one sulfur atom and two oxygen
atoms. Released both naturally and by human
activity, it can transform into sulfate aerosols in the
atmosphere. These aerosols can cool the Earth's
surface, contribute to acid rain, and decrease
visibility.
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
A colorless gas that mixes well with alcohol and
ether but less so with water. It's an extremely potent
greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential
much higher than carbon dioxide (CO2). SF6 is
predominantly used in electricity transmission and
as an insulator in electronics. Its global warming
potential is derived from the IPCC's Fourth
Assessment Report (AR4). It is a potent greenhouse
gas with a warming potential 23,500 times greater
than carbon dioxide.
T
Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration
The process where trees, plants, and crops absorb
carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through
photosynthesis and store it as carbon in biomass
(like tree stems, branches, and roots) and soil. This
stored carbon creates "sinks" which counteract
emissions when the absorbed carbon is greater than
the released carbon over time.
Therm
A unit of energy equivalent to 100,000 British
Thermal Units, roughly akin to the energy in 100
cubic feet of natural gas. Commonly used to gauge
natural gas consumption for billing.
Total Organic Gases (TOG)
Organic gases that encompass both reactive and
relatively non-reactive compounds, such as
methane.
Transparency
Clear presentation of methodologies and
assumptions used in an inventory so users can easily
replicate and evaluate the inventory. Transparency is
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
15
crucial for effective communication and
consideration of information.
Tree Bank
A designated location, such as a school or public
park, where property owners or developers may
donate and plant a portion of zoning ordinance-
required trees if planting them within their own
project site is not practical.
Trend
A measure of a quantity's change over time. A
positive trend signifies growth, while a negative one
indicates a decline. It’s expressed in percentage or
fractional terms concerning the quantity's initial
value.
U
Urban Tree Canopy
The composition and traits of trees in urban settings.
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
A federal agency that oversees the nation’s nuclear
infrastructure, energy policy, and funds scientific
research in the field.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
A federal agency tasked with safeguarding human
health and the environment. It offers technical
support for recovery planning, long-term cleanup,
and environmental surveillance. This includes
assistance with public health infrastructure, such as
wastewater treatment plants, and addressing
threats through monitoring, assessment, and
decontamination efforts.
V
Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
Represents the distance traveled by vehicles, be it
cars, trucks, or motorcycles. Each mile is counted as
one vehicle mile, irrespective of the number of
passengers.
Vision Zero
A strategy focused on eliminating severe injuries and
fatalities from traffic accidents, aiming to provide
safe and equal mobility for all individuals.
Vulnerability
The extent to which a system is exposed to, sensitive
to, or unable to handle the adverse impacts of
climate change. This encompasses:
• Exposure: The presence of assets or organisms in
areas potentially adversely impacted by climate
change.
• Sensitivity: The level at which assets or organisms
are impacted by climate change.
• Adaptive capacity: The capability of systems,
assets, or organisms to adjust to detrimental
impacts.
W
Water Vapor
The predominant greenhouse gas present in the
form of water in its gaseous state in the atmosphere.
Water vapor is a natural part of the greenhouse
effect. Its concentration is not significantly altered
by human activities, but it amplifies the greenhouse
effect due to positive feedback mechanisms. Water
vapor also plays a vital role in climate regulation by
forming clouds and precipitation.
Weather
Weather represents the immediate atmospheric
conditions at a specific time and place, while climate
refers to the long-term average of these conditions
in a particular region over an extended period. In
simpler terms, weather is what you experience
outdoors on any given day, while climate describes
the typical weather patterns you'd anticipate for a
particular season and location.
Z
Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV)
A vehicle that doesn't release harmful pollutants
during its operation. Examples include electric cars,
hydrogen-fueled vehicles, and bicycles. These
emissions, when released, can have detrimental
effects on both the environment and human health.
Zero Net Energy Building (ZNEB)
Also known as a Net-Zero Energy Building is one that
is optimally efficient, and over the course of a year,
generates renewable energy onsite equal to or
greater than the total amount of energy consumed
onsite.
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan Glossary of Terms
16
Zero Waste
An approach focusing on the efficient utilization of
resources through responsible production,
consumption, and recovery. This means products,
packaging, and materials are reused and recycled
without causing harm to the environment or health,
and without resorting to incineration or releases to
land, water, or air.
Appendix D
Acknowledgements
We are deeply grateful for the community
collaboration and input that went into this plan. Below
are some of the main contributors that made the City
of Falcon Heights’ Climate Action Plan possible:
Climate Action Planning Team
Adam Keester Resident, Environment
Commissioner
Beth Mercer-
Taylor
Resident, Environment
Commissioner
Colin Callahan City of Falcon Heights,
Public Works Director
Daryl Richard
Lawrence
Facilities Manager at the Bell
Museum
Erin McCabe
Local business
representative - Crocus Hill
Acupuncture
Georgiana May Resident, California Ave. and
Northome Block Group
Gregory
Goodwine Ramsey County
Janelle Barlan UMN Student, Institute on
the Environment
Jen Schnabel
Smith Resident
Jennie
Betchwars Resident
Kristen Swanson Resident
City of Falcon Heights Project Lead
Hannah B. Lynch
City of Falcon Heights,
Community Development
Coordinator / Planner
Marcelline
Gangl-Lipson Resident
Megan
Cunningham
UMN Institute on the
Environment Undergraduate
Leaders Program
Mike Dockry Resident
Olivia Siebert
City of Falcon Heights,
Minnesota GreenCorps
Member
Paula Mielke City of Falcon Heights,
Council Member
Pedro De Filippo
Vannucci
Resident, Environment
Commissioner
Ron Eggert Resident, Former Mayor
Sammy Nelson Gibbs Farm/Ramsey County
Historical Society
Shirley A. Reider Resident
Susan Harding Resident
D-1 | FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
Click here to return to TOC
Climate Action Plan Advisory Group
www.paleBLUEdot.llc
Consultant Team
Climate Action Planner:
Funding for this project was provided through a 2024
State of Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA)
Local Climate Action Planning Grant
FALCON HEIGHTS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN | D -2
Rachel Funke Capitol Region Watershed
District
Nate Zwonitzer Capitol Region Watershed
District
Kate Nelson
University of Minnesota,
Twin Cities Director of
Campus Sustainability
Christine Noonan Minnesota State Fair
Elisa Rasmussen Xcel Energy
Peter Lindstrom Clean Energy Resource
Teams (CERTS)
Deirdre Coleman Center for Energy and
Environment
City of Falcon Heights Climate Action Plan
Implementation Matrix
Search Goals and Actions (use blue box below)
5/7/2025
Go
a
l
Ac
t
i
o
n
Goal / Action Target
Start
Year
Lead City Department Staff Lead
Progress At
Review Review Notes / Data Examples and Resources Sector
Combine
d "votes"
Team
"votes"
Communit
y "votes"
Implementation Actions Implementation Actions
I 1-I 1: Organize for Climate Action Plan implementation.Implementation Actions
I 1- 1 Create a City "CAP Implementation Team" comprised of the Environment Commission with
the Staff/Council liaisons to meet quarterly, prioritize and track progress, and develop two-
year work plans outlining tasks, timelines, resources, and staffing needs. The team will
provide annual progress updates to the Environment Commission and City Council.
Not Started
Implementation Actions
2 2
I 1- 2 Explore the potential and benefits of the Environment Commission forming a Falcon Heights
Climate Action Collaboration Team with members from local government, nonprofits,
community groups, and residents. The team could meet regularly to coordinate CAP
implementation, pursue joint initiatives, share lessons, support cross-jurisdictional projects,
and identify funding opportunities.
Not Started
Implementation Actions
10 8 2
I 1- 3 Create a process to review city policies and plans for consistency with the Climate Action
Plan.Not Started
Resource: paleBLUEdot example CAP
Alignment Memo
https://1drv.ms/b/s!AjXEmMthmWPLkO1DvC
lg6m_g081ggA?e=fb7SXF
Implementation Actions
4 2 2
I 1- 4 Implement a cohesive annual communication and education campaign that addresses the
communication and educational needs of each CAP section. Enhance the City's Energy
Action Hub to disseminate CAP resources and foster community action.
Not Started
Implementation Actions
1 1
I 1- 5 Regularly evaluate CAP progress and impacts (every 1-2 years), including updated
community-wide and municipal GHG inventories. Review strategies for effectiveness and
relevance, adjusting actions as necessary.
Not Started
Implementation Actions
3 2 1
Transportation and Land Use Transportation and Land Use
TL 1-TL 1: Decrease community-wide Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) by 5% by
2035.
(Note: VMT reduced an average of 2.2% annually from 2014 to 2023)
Transportation and Land Use
TL 1- 1 Adopt and implement a Living Streets policy.
(Note: Living Streets are green, multimodal streets that enhance walking and biking
conditions, safety, and neighborhood livability while reducing environmental impacts and
maintenance costs.)
Not Started
https://metrocouncil.org/Local-Planning-
Handbook/Local-Planning-Highlights/Living-
Streets-Maplewood.aspx
Transportation and Land Use
13 10 3
TL 1- 2 Create an Active Mobility Plan emphasizing multimodal transportation, transit access,
bike/pedestrian safety, and infrastructure improvements. Prioritize protected bike lanes.
Review Ramsey County’s bike/pedestrian plan and partner with adjacent communities, the
University of Minnesota and State Fair on connected routes.
Not Started
Transportation and Land Use
9 6 3
TL 1- 3 Establish a policy for a Transportation Demand Management (TDM) plan, which includes a
transit component, applicable to all new developments and redevelopments projects.Not Started
Transportation and Land Use
1 1
TL 1- 4 Collaborate with partners on a branded campaign and incentives to promote alternative
transportation, focusing on short trips and equity-driven support for bike and eBike adoption.Not Started
Transportation and Land Use
5 2 3
TL 1- 5 Develop and distribute a resident-focused brochure through landlords that highlights local
parks, transit options, bike and walk routes, sustainability resources, waste and recycling
programs, clean energy opportunities, and related incentives, including links to the current
City information.
Not Started
Transportation and Land Use
3 1 2
TL 2-TL 2: Increase public transit commuter ridership 40% by 2035.
(from 10.3% to 14.4% of commuters. Note: public transit ridership decreased
from 14.3% in 2013 to 10.3% in 2023).
Transportation and Land Use
TL 2- 1 Collaborate with Metro Transit and partners to secure funding for free or reduced fares for
Falcon Heights residents and expand transit access through fare reductions, Bus Rapid
Transit, and other strategies.
Not Started
Transportation and Land Use
10 4 6
TL 2- 2 Collaborate with Metro Transit and partners to enhance bus stop infrastructure according to
industry best practices, including pullouts, shelters, and safe pedestrian crossings.Not Started
Transportation and Land Use
9 4 5
TL 2- 3 Partner with Metro Transit and others to develop and distribute educational materials about
public transit options and resources Not Started Transportation and Land Use 1 1
TL 2- 4 Work with local businesses to promote and expand Metro Transit's Guaranteed Ride Home
and Employer Sponsored Pass programs for employees and students Not Started Transportation and Land Use 0
TL 3-TL 3: Increase average population per developed acre by 8% by 2035.
(from 6 to 6.5 ppl/acre)
Transportation and Land Use
TL 3- 1 Amend zoning ordinances to support higher-density, walkable neighborhoods by increasing
building heights, allowing approved densities, encouraging Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs),
promoting Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) near transit stations, and supporting mixed-
use developments.
In Progress **Added ADUs, reduced minimum parking
requirements
Transportation and Land Use
5 3 2
TL 3- 2 Use the Comprehensive Plan process to identify vacant or underutilized land suitable for
higher-density development, walkability improvements, transit access, or greenspace.Not Started
Transportation and Land Use
1 1
TL 3- 3 Attract and support mixed-use, multimodal redevelopment projects on priority sites
identified through the Comprehensive Plan.Not Started Transportation and Land Use 1 1
TL 4-TL 4: Increase battery electric vehicle (BEV) use to 15% of vehicles on
the road by 2035. (from approximately 87 vehicles to 470 vehicles citywide)
Transportation and Land Use
TL 4- 1 Collaborate with Xcel Energy and partners to expand incentives for electric vehicles (EVs),
residential chargers, and eBike adoption, including low-cost loan or bulk-purchase programs
to reduce costs.
Not Started
Transportation and Land Use
17 9 8
TL 4- 2 Provide information to the community through workshops, an EV guide, and enhanced
website content highlighting EV technology, incentives, and available programs.
Not Started Could be a good option for the Sustainability Fair
Resource:
https://www.falconheights.org/residents/res
ources-for-residents/environment-
sustainability/electric-vehicles-charging-
equipment
Transportation and Land Use
0
TL 4- 3 Partner with Ramsey County Environmental Health to host and promote a Falcon Heights EV
Fair, providing education, test drives, and vendor interaction.Not Started Could be a good option for the Sustainability Fair Transportation and Land Use 1 1
TL 4- 4 Through trash hauler permitting, promote or require fleet efficiency improvements such as
fuel-efficient practices, optimized routing, zero-emission vehicles or low-emission fuels, and
advanced technologies. Include a provision for annual reporting on progress.Not Started
Transportation and Land Use
6 5 1
TL 5-TL 5: Make the community “EV-ready” with electric vehicle charging
stations in every public and private parking lot or ramp by 2030. (Aligns
with Comprehensive Plan Goal).
Transportation and Land Use
TL 5- 1 Implement an "EV Ready" building ordinance for new developments that includes EV
charging infrastructure and dedicated parking.Completed We have updated City Code to allow EV spaces to
count toward the minimum required parking.
Transportation and Land Use 11 4 7
TL 5- 2 Create an Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Readiness Plan that assesses current and future
charging needs, maps existing stations, identifies expansion opportunities in public,
commercial, and multi-family residential areas, and prioritizes equitable access in
low/moderate-income neighborhoods.
Not Started
Resource:
https://xcelenergycommunities.com/evtoolki
t
Transportation and Land Use
2 2
TL 5- 3 Promote funding opportunities and resources for local businesses to provide electric vehicle
charging stations. Not Started Transportation and Land Use 2 2
TL 5- 4 Identify an existing or develop and distribute an "EV Ready Guide" with building readiness
standards and fleet conversion resources.Not Started Transportation and Land Use 1 1
TL 6-TL 6: Convert 100% of the municipal non-emergency fleet and equipment
to EVs and improve remaining combustion vehicle fuel efficiency by 10%
by 2035.
Transportation and Land Use
TL 6- 1 Conduct phased fleet analyses to transition to electric and alternative fuel vehicles and
equipment. Identify replacements, infrastructure requirements, and facility upgrades.In Progress Purchasing a new electric truck; will likely be moving to
electric leaf blowers, etc.
Transportation and Land Use
8 3 5
TL 6- 2 Adopt a policy for new City fleet vehicles to be electric or use low/no-carbon fuels by 2030
for light-duty and by 2040 for medium/heavy-duty vehicles.Not Started Transportation and Land Use 6 3 3
TL 6-3 Implement and enforce a city operations anti-idling policy of combustion vehicles.Not Started Transportation and Land Use 5 3 2
TL 6- 4 Create an "Eco Driving Guide" to promote fuel efficiency, distribute it to City employees,
include it in new employee training, and make it available to Falcon Heights residents and
businesses.
Not Started
Transportation and Land Use
1 1
Buildings and Energy Buildings and Energy
BE 1-BE 1: Improve total Citywide building energy efficiency 5% for electricity
and 15% for natural gas by 2035. (measured by total energy consumption)
Buildings and Energy
BE 1- 1 Collaborate with partners to establish a program achieving deep energy retrofits for 80% of
low/moderate-income households by 2030. Goal: 100 households annually, each achieving
15% energy reductions. (Comprehensive Plan)
Not Started
Buildings and Energy
9 9
BE 1- 2 Offer and promote fully subsidized Home Energy Squad visits for income-qualified residents.On-Going Buildings and Energy 7 4 3
BE 1-3 Adopt an energy benchmarking ordinance (Comprehensive Plan)Not Started Buildings and Energy 0
BE 1- 4 Establish a policy for City-funded projects to meet energy efficiency standards (e.g., SB2030,
LEED Gold, Enterprise Green Communities, ICC/ASHRAE 700). Encourage other
developments needing PUD, CUP, and zoning approval to meet the same standard.
(Comprehensive Plan)
Not Started
Buildings and Energy
5 5
BE 1- 5 Consider establishing a Mayor’s Home Energy Challenge to encourage and incentivize
residential energy-efficiency upgrades.Not Started
Example: City of La Crosse
https://focusonenergy.com/success-
stories/city-of-la-crosse-honored-for-
commitment-to-energy-efficiency
Buildings and Energy
5 5
BE 1- 6 Adopt and promote a voluntary net-zero energy code through the building permit process
(Comprehensive Plan)Not Started Buildings and Energy 2 2
BE 1- 7 Consider adopting a "Dark Sky" lighting ordinance to promote ecosystem and human health
and reduce exterior lighting energy consumption.Not Started
https://darksky.org/what-we-do/advancing-
responsible-outdoor-lighting/darksky-recognized-
codes-and-statutes/
Buildings and Energy
2 2
BE 2-BE 2: Achieve 30% building "fuel switching" from on-site fossil fuel
combustion to electrification or renewable fuels by 2035.
(28% of existing households use electric heat according to census and
natural gas utility data. Goal would result in 50% of households using
electric heat)
Buildings and Energy
BE 2- 1 Coordinate an annual group purchase campaign for residents and small businesses to
reduce costs of electrification, energy efficiency, and weatherization upgrades (e.g., air and
ground source heat pumps). Prioritize equity in program design, support local contractors,
and consider integration with clean energy purchase programs. Goal: 30 households and 10
businesses annually.
Not Started
Buildings and Energy
6 5 1
BE 2- 2 Collaborate with partners to expand and promote incentives for low-income residents to
electrify their homes. Goal: 15 households annually.Not Started Buildings and Energy 5 2 3
BE 2- 3 Address misconceptions and promote new technologies through educational materials and
City communications.On-Going Trying to address this through Nature Newsflash Buildings and Energy 5 1 4
BE 3-BE 3: Increase customer-owned or purchased clean electricity to 22% of
total building electricity use citywide by 2035.
(10% on-site and 12% green source purchase - existing is 5% on-site and 6%
green source purchase. Aligns with Comprehensive Plan Goal)
Buildings and Energy
BE 3- 1 Collaborate with partners to implement and promote an annual Residential Solar Group
Purchase program, supported by a program administrator such as the Midwest Renewable
Energy Association or others experienced in solar group purchase programs. Goal: 15
participants and 100 KW installed Annually.
Not Started
Buildings and Energy
7 6 1
BE 3- 2 Establish a policy to incorporate clean energy standards into the PUD ordinance.
(Comprehensive Plan)Not Started Buildings and Energy 7 7
BE 3- 3 Identify top privately-owned sites for Solar PV installations (rooftop, ground, carport) and
develop site assessments detailing estimated costs, energy generation, and 20-year
economic payback. Provide assessments to additional property owners biennially through
2032 to maximize solar incentives. Coordinate with the Commercial property and Industrial
property Solarize program.
Not Started
Buildings and Energy
5 2 3
BE 3- 4 Organize an annual group solar purchase program for commercial and industrial properties,
coordinating with the City's "Top Solar Potentials" initiative. Goal: 5 participants installing
150 kW annually.
Not Started
Buildings and Energy
1 1
BE 3- 5 Organize education and outreach promoting net-zero energy development, clean energy
rebates, and tax credits; provide resources on the City's Energy Hub website.
(Comprehensive Plan)
Not Started
Buildings and Energy
2 1 1
BE 4-BE 4: Improve total municipal building energy efficiency by 5% for
electricity and 15% for natural gas by 2035. (measured by total energy
consumption)
Buildings and Energy
BE 4- 1 Establish a policy for City-owned buildings to achieve and maintain ENERGY STAR ratings of
75 or higher, meet or exceed IGCC standards, and publicly report energy use. All facility
design and construction RFPs for new or major renovation projects must also evaluate
opportunities to achieve Net Zero Energy.
Not Started
Buildings and Energy
2 1 1
BE 4- 2 Conduct energy audits of all City facilities, including Dark Sky LED outdoor lighting guidance.
Use audit results to prioritize facility improvements in the Capital Improvement Plan, with
implementation within 5 years.
Not Started
Buildings and Energy
8 6 2
BE 5-BE 5: Achieve 100% municipal building clean electricity use and "fuel
switching" from on-site fossil fuel combustion to electrification by 2035.
(on-site and green source purchase, aligns with Comprehensive Plan Goal)
Buildings and Energy
BE 5- 1 Identify and assess City facilities to prioritize for electrification and schedule improvements.Not Started Buildings and Energy 2 2
BE 5- 2 Establish a policy for all new City-owned buildings to be 100% electric (or have zero onsite
fossil fuel combustion).Not Started Buildings and Energy 8 5 3
BE 5- 3 Conduct a City Facility Solar and Clean Energy Master Plan study assessing on-site solar
feasibility, options for achieving 100% clean electricity including ownership options,
community solar, RECs, and solar+storage microgrids. Establish an implementation timeline.
(Comprehensive Plan)
Not Started
Buildings and Energy
4 2 2
Waste Management Waste Management
WM
1-
WM 1: Decrease total annual municipal solid waste generated by 10% by
2035. (from 6160 tons/year to 5,544 tons/year).
Waste Management
WM 1- 1 Establish a Zero Waste policy for City operations with clear annual waste reduction targets
to achieve Zero Waste. External users of City facilities to comply with the Zero Waste policy,
and event permit applications must be updated to mandate recycling and composting at
events.
Not Started
Waste Management
6 5 1
WM 1- 2 Explore waste hauling improvements to support CAP goals, including updates to the City's
licensing process and the implementation of organized waste hauling strategies.Not Started Waste Management 10 5 5
WM 1- 3 Establish a policy for all construction and demolition projects to submit waste management
plans demonstrating how they will meet specific waste diversion targets aligned with the
City's Climate Action Plan goals
Not Started
Waste Management
3 2 1
WM 1- 4 Collaborate with partners such as Reuse MN to promote material reuse and waste reduction,
including community events like swaps and garage sales.Not Started Waste Management 12 3 9
WM 1- 5 Collaborate with partners to create a comprehensive communication campaign to provide
standardized information and communications on waste reduction, recycling, and organics
collection options to reach the residential sector.
Not Started
Waste Management
2 2
WM
2-
WM 2: Increase organics and compostable diversion from 19.9% to 22%
of total MSW handled by 2035. (from 1,224 tons/year to 1,344 tons/year).
Waste Management
WM 2- 1 Promote participation in the Ramsey/Washington Recycling and Energy Center's Food
Scraps Pickup Program when available for Falcon Heights residents. Goal 75% household
participation by 2035.
Not Started https://recyclingandenergy.org/food-scraps-
pickup/
Waste Management
7 5 2
WM 2- 2 Incorporate zoning standards for commercial and multi-family buildings that ensure
convenient organics and recycling collection, making diversion as easy as garbage disposal.Not Started
Waste Management
4 4
WM 2- 3 Collaborate with partners to promote backyard composting by providing residents with low-
cost or free compost bins and educational materials.Not Started
Resource:
https://www.recycleminnesota.org/2025-rain-
barrel-and-compost-bin-sale.html
Waste Management
10 6 4
WM 2- 4 Collaborate with partners such as Ramsey County Urban Agriculture Coordinator to promote
use of the community compost drop off site for residents unable or unwilling to compost at
home.
Not Started
Waste Management
0
WM
3-
WM 3: Increase recycling diversion from 31.4% to 35% of total MSW
handled by 2035 (from 1,936 tons/year to 2,150 tons/year).
Waste Management
WM 3- 1 Collaborate with partners on a comprehensive communication campaign providing
standardized education and guidance on waste reduction, recycling, organics collection,
hazardous waste management, and available waste diversion programs for residential and
commercial sectors.
Not Started
Waste Management
3 3
WM 3- 2 Partner with Ramsey County and the Recycling Ambassador program to reduce barriers to
recycling participation at multifamily and commercial properties.Not Started Waste Management 7 5 2
WM 3- 3 Through waste hauler permitting or organized waste collection processes, incentivize or
include conditions for haulers to educate customers on recycling, waste reduction, and
diversion.
Not Started
Waste Management
2 2
WM 3- 4 Adopt an ordinance that ensures all "to-go" packaging is recyclable, compostable, or
reusable.In Progress EC working on this.Waste Management 19 9 10
Water and Wastewater Water and Wastewater
W 1-W 1: Promote a 5% reduction in water use and wastewater generation
Citywide by 2035.
Water and Wastewater
W 1- 1 Collaborate with regional partners, including Saint Paul Regional Water Services, Capitol
Region, Rice Creek Watershed Districts, and Met Council, to help Falcon Heights' largest
water users reduce consumption through an opt-in program. Offer technical resources or
grants for water-efficient equipment to assist large institutions and businesses in
conserving water internally.Not Started
Resources:
Met Council water efficiency grant:
https://metrocouncil.org/Wastewater-
Water/Planning/Water-Supply-
Planning/Grants/Water-Efficiency-Grant-
Program.aspx
City example:
https://www.cityofroseville.com/3599/Water-
Efficiency-Rebate-Program
Water and Wastewater
7 6 1
W 1- 2 Promote community-wide adoption of WaterSense fixtures by accelerating installation in
homes and expanding to commercial properties. Goal: achieve 30 households and 10
businesses upgraded annually.
Not Started
Water and Wastewater
1 1
W 1- 3 Evaluate adopting a Lawn and Landscaping watering policy that provides clear irrigation
guidelines and promotes water conservation.
Not Started
Examples :
City of Woodbury
https://www.woodburymn.gov/1056/Lawn-
Landscape-Watering-Policy
City of Oakdale:
https://www.oakdalemn.gov/FAQ.aspx?QID=
273
Water and Wastewater
10 9 1
W 1- 4 Implement a policy establishing rainwater collection systems and WaterSense fixtures and
appliances as standard for all City facility projects, including modeling best practices in the
anticipated new park building. Encourage projects receiving City financing or public funds to
adopt similar practices and offer technical support as needed.
Not Started
Water and Wastewater
3 1 2
W 1- 5 Partner with Ramsey County, Saint Paul Regional Water Services, and others to establish a
reduced-cost or giveaway program for rain barrels.
Not Started
Examples and resources:
https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.ph
p?title=MS4_fact_sheet_-
_Rainwater_Harvesting_/_Stormwater_Reuse
_%26_Rain_Barrel_Programs
https://www.recycleminnesota.org/2025-rain-
barrel-and-compost-bin-sale.html
Water and Wastewater
2 1 1
W 2-W 2: Identify flood-prone areas and develop plans to address future
stormwater and climate-related impacts.
Water and Wastewater
W 2- 1 Incorporate anticipated increases in precipitation and extreme weather into the City's
stormwater management plans, including addressing redevelopment of currently exempt
properties. Collaborate with Capitol Region and Rice Creek Watershed Districts.Not Started
Water and Wastewater
7 3 4
W 2- 2 Conduct a pavement analysis and permeable pavement conversion study, prioritizing flood-
vulnerable areas identified in the City's 2024 Ground Cover Study. Develop an
implementation master plan and replacement schedule. (Consider integration with the Land
Conversion Opportunity Study.)
Not Started
Water and Wastewater
18 15 3
W 2- 3 Explore zoning adjustments to reduce impervious surfaces citywide, emphasizing pavement
removal, permeable pavement installation, floodplain preservation, and green stormwater
infrastructure. Collaborate with Capitol Region and Rice Creek Watershed Districts.Not Started
Water and Wastewater
3 2 1
W 2- 4 Partner with Capitol Region and Rice Creek Watershed Districts to create or expand
incentive programs encouraging rain garden installations, prioritizing areas vulnerable to
stormwater impacts.
Not Started
Water and Wastewater
3 3
W 3-W 3: Increase groundwater, stream, river and wetland water quality
protection and restoration.
Water and Wastewater
W 3- 1 Partner with Capitol Region and Rice Creek Watershed Districts to assess the percentage of
impervious surface runoff treated by Best Management Practices (BMPs) and set a 2035
improvement goal.
Not Started
Water and Wastewater
6 3 3
W 3- 2 Strengthen ordinances and enforcement to protect riparian areas, streams, and wetlands
that store and filter floodwaters.Not Started Water and Wastewater 5 5
W 3- 3 Adopt a no-synthetic-fertilizer, no-pesticide policy for all City-owned or managed properties
and encourage reduced fertilizer and pesticide use by residents and businesses.Not Started
Water and Wastewater
18 10 8
W 3- 4 Collaborate with partners to educate residents on environmentally safer alternatives to road
and sidewalk salt for ice control.On-Going Resource:
https://minnesotawaterstewards.org/
Water and Wastewater 13 10 3
Local Food and Agriculture Local Food and Agriculture
LF 1-LF 1: Enhance access to local food, especially for low-income and food-
insecure individuals.
Local Food and Agriculture
LF 1- 1 Collaborate with the Saint Paul–Ramsey County Food and Nutrition Commission to
complete a Food Security Assessment, identify underserved areas, and develop strategies to
improve food access—especially for vulnerable populations.
Not Started
Local Food and Agriculture
5 2 3
LF 1- 2 Partner with organizations like Good Acre, the University of Minnesota, Gibbs Farm, and St.
Paul Farmer’s Market to create or expand farmers market access in Falcon Heights. Pursue
grant opportunities to support these efforts.
Not Started
Local Food and Agriculture
8 3 5
LF 1- 3 Work with partners to promote subsidy programs that provide local produce at reduced
prices for qualifying residents.Not Started Local Food and Agriculture 1 1
LF 1- 4 Offer City facilities or parking lots as pickup sites for Community Supported Agriculture
(CSA) programs that accept SNAP and EBT payments.Not Started Local Food and Agriculture 3 1 2
LF 2-LF 2: Increase production of local food, particularly serving low-income
and food-insecure individuals.
Local Food and Agriculture
LF 2- 1 Identify and map potential sites for community gardens or farms, prioritizing underserved
populations and food-insecure areas. Include parks and public lands, and collaborate with
partners to implement garden locations.
Not Started
Local Food and Agriculture
13 9 4
LF 2- 2 Plant fruit and nut trees on City-owned land, boulevards, and rights-of-way. Partner with
groups like Every Meal to collect and distribute the harvest.Not Started Local Food and Agriculture 6 3 3
LF 2- 3 Establish a “Grow Falcon Heights” program to expand community garden plots and create a
market garden that offers youth training and internships. Collaborate with local restaurants,
food shelves, and organizations to distribute produce to food-insecure residents. Not Started
Example:
https://burnsvillemn.gov/2271/Grow-
Burnsville
Local Food and Agriculture
8 6 2
LF 3-LF 3: Reduce food waste and hunger, achieve a 50% decrease in food
insecurity Citywide by 2035.
Local Food and Agriculture
LF 3- 1 Collaborate with the Saint Paul–Ramsey County Food and Nutrition Commission to
complete a Food Security Assessment. Identify food-insecure areas, especially vulnerable
populations, and develop strategies to improve food access in the city.
Not Started
Local Food and Agriculture
5 1 4
LF 3- 2 Work with Ramsey County, the University of Minnesota, and the State Fair to explore
creating a Food Recovery Network that improves surplus food collection and distribution
from large events and facilities to food-insecure and elderly populations.
Not Started
Local Food and Agriculture
14 11 3
LF 3- 3 Coordinate with local food banks to support edible food donations from City and community
events. Expand partnerships with food retailers and restaurants, and share food bank
resources on the City’s website.
Not Started
Local Food and Agriculture
2 1 1
Greenspace and Ecosystems Greenspace and Ecosystems
GE 1-GE 1: Increase tree cover, particularly in the priority neighborhoods, from
22.5% to 25% by 2035 (an increase of 10% over existing tree canopy area).
Greenspace and Ecosystems
GE 1- 1 Adopt a No Net Loss policy that ensures every removed public street or space tree is
replaced with a seedling or sapling. If replanting on-site isn’t feasible, a tree should be
planted in a nearby space or within a tree bank established by or designated by the City.In Progress
http://phytosphere.com/treeord/treebank.ht
m
Example:
https://www.knoxvilletn.gov/government/city
_departments_offices/public_service/urban_f
orestry/tree_mitigation_bank
Greenspace and Ecosystems
16 7 9
GE 1- 2 Partner to create or expand an annual tree giveaway or discount program for residents.
Example: grow and distribute 400 seedlings or saplings each year.In Progress Greenspace and Ecosystems 12 6 6
GE 1- 3 Update the City’s Landscape Ordinance to establish minimum tree and native/pollinator
planting coverage standards based on lawn or impervious surface area. Ensure planting
islands are included in parking lots for new or expanded developments. Promote diversity in
native trees, shrubs, and pollinator-friendly groundcovers.
In Progress
Greenspace and Ecosystems
16 10 6
GE 1- 4 Collaborate with partners to share educational resources on climate-adaptive trees,
promotion of tree and plant diversity, carbon gardening, tree care, and other sustainable
greenspace practices such as reducing fertilizer use, biochar amendments, and polyculture
lawns. Post resources on the City website.
In Progress
Greenspace and Ecosystems
16 8 8
GE 2-GE 2: Enhance pollinator habitats and replace 15% of turf with native
grasses and wildflowers citywide by 2035. (approximately 6 acres
annually).
Greenspace and Ecosystems
GE 2- 1 Complete a Land Conversion Opportunity Study to identify turf and impervious areas suitable
for conversion to native grasslands, wetlands, shrubs, or forests. Develop an implementation
plan by census tract, explore incentives, and launch outreach to promote turf conversion.Not Started
Greenspace and Ecosystems
20 12 8
GE 2- 2 Establish a policy for City properties to reduce impervious surfaces and enhance natural
diversity by incorporating pavement reduction, permeable pavement, green roofs, and
replacing turf with native wildflowers and prairie grasses to support pollinators.Not Started
Greenspace and Ecosystems
13 5 8
GE 2- 3 Collaborate with partners like the University of Minnesota Bee Lab, Capitol Region and Rice
Creek Watershed Districts to develop and share resources on selecting appropriate native
and pollinator-friendly plants.
Not Started
Greenspace and Ecosystems
20 5 15
GE 2- 4 Partner with the University of Minnesota Master Gardeners to create a greenspace
ambassador and education program.Not Started Greenspace and Ecosystems 18 3 15
GE 3-GE 3: Reduce heat island effect by decreasing dark impervious surfaces
10% citywide by 2035, prioritizing high-impact neighborhoods
(approximately 4.6 acres annually).
Greenspace and Ecosystems
GE 3- 1 Collaborate with partners to create an incentive program supporting the conversion of
underutilized paved and turf areas into sustainable green spaces, following the City’s Land
Conversion Opportunity Study.
Not Started
Greenspace and Ecosystems
8 5 3
GE 3- 2 Encourage or require commercial developments receiving City funding, PUD approval, or
Conditional Use Permits to implement heat island reduction strategies, including cool
surfaces, solar-friendly shading, impervious surface reduction, and breeze capture.Not Started
Greenspace and Ecosystems
4 3 1
GE 3- 3 Collaborate with partners to develop and promote best practices for reducing heat island
effects on commercial properties.Not Started Greenspace and Ecosystems 6 4 2
GE 3- 4 Collaborate with partners to create a cool roofs and pavements incentive program and
develop a Falcon Heights demonstration project featuring a cool roof, green roof, green/live
wall, or vertical garden.
Not Started
Greenspace and Ecosystems
13 9 4
Progress of
Implementation Actions
Progress category %Action by Progress
Not Started 100.0%5
Started 0.0%0
In Progress 0.0%0
On-Going 0.0%0
Completed 0.0%0
(Open Category 1)0.0%0
(Open Category 2)0.0%0
(Open Category 3)0.0%0
100.0%5
Transportation and Land Use
Progress category %Action by Progress
Not Started 87.5%21
Started 0.0%0
In Progress 8.3%2
On-Going 0.0%0
Completed 4.2%1
(Open Category 1)0.0%0
(Open Category 2)0.0%0
(Open Category 3)0.0%0
100.0%24
Buildings and Energy
Progress category %Action by Progress
Not Started 90.0%18
Started 0.0%0
In Progress 0.0%0
On-Going 10.0%2
Completed 0.0%0
(Open Category 1)0.0%0
(Open Category 2)0.0%0
(Open Category 3)0.0%0
100.0%20
Waste Management
Progress category %Action by Progress
Not Started 92.3%12
Started 0.0%0
In Progress 7.7%1
On-Going 0.0%0
Completed 0.0%0
(Open Category 1)0.0%0
(Open Category 2)0.0%0
(Open Category 3)0.0%0
100.0%13
Water and Wastewater
Progress category %Action by Progress
Not Started 92.3%12
Started 0.0%0
In Progress 0.0%0
On-Going 7.7%1
Completed 0.0%0
(Open Category 1)0.0%0
(Open Category 2)0.0%0
(Open Category 3)0.0%0
100.0%13
Local Food and Agriculture
Progress category %Action by Progress
Not Started 100.0%10
Started 0.0%0
In Progress 0.0%0
On-Going 0.0%0
Completed 0.0%0
(Open Category 1)0.0%0
(Open Category 2)0.0%0
(Open Category 3)0.0%0
100.0%10
Greenspace and Ecosystems
Progress category %Action by Progress
Not Started 66.7%8
Started 0.0%0
In Progress 33.3%4
On-Going 0.0%0
Completed 0.0%0
(Open Category 1)0.0%0
(Open Category 2)0.0%0
(Open Category 3)0.0%0
100.0%12
All Sectors
Progress category %Action by Progress
Not Started 88.7%86
Started 0.0%0
In Progress 7.2%7
On-Going 3.1%3
Completed 1.0%1
(Open Category 1)0.0%0
(Open Category 2)0.0%0
(Open Category 3)0.0%0
100.0%97
100.0%
0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
Implementation Actions
Not Started
Started
In Progress
On-Going
Completed
87.5%
0.0%8.3%0.0%4.2%
Transportation and Land Use
Not Started
Started
In Progress
On-Going
Completed
90.0%
0.0%0.0%10.0%0.0%
Buildings and Energy
Not Started
Started
In Progress
On-Going
Completed
92.3%
0.0%7.7%0.0%0.0%
Waste Management
Not Started
Started
In Progress
On-Going
Completed
92.3%
0.0%0.0%7.7%0.0%
Water and Wastewater
Not Started
Started
In Progress
On-Going
Completed
100.0%
0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
Local Food and Agriculture
Not Started
Started
In Progress
On-Going
Completed
66.7%0.0%
33.3%
0.0%0.0%
Greenspace and Ecosystems
Not Started
Started
In Progress
On-Going
Completed
88.7%
0.0%7.2%3.1%1.0%
All Sectors
Not Started
Started
In Progress
On-Going
Completed
An Energy Action Plan for
Falcon Heights
October 2024
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thank you to the following individuals who contributed to developing this Energy Action Plan.
The content of this plan is derived from a series of planning workshops hosted by Xcel Energy’s
Partners in Energy. Partners in Energy is a two -year collaboration to develop and implement a
community’s energy goals. For information about the planning workshops, see Appendix D.
Energy Action Team
Name Organization
Lois Braun Resident
Amy Christiansen Environment Commission
Pedro De Filippo
Vannucci
Environment Commission and University of Minnesota
Student
Les Everett Resident
Adam Keester Environment Commission
Emma Kostecki Environment Commission and University of Minnesota
Student
John Larkin Resident
Peter Lindstrom Resident
Hannah Lynch Community Development Coordinator/Planner, City of
Falcon Heights
Jared Mehlhaff Environment Commission
Beth Mercer-Taylor Environment Commission Chair
Paula Mielke City Council Liaison, City of Falcon Heights
Bruce Mielke Resident
John Pellegrini Environment Commission Vice Chair
Shubhechchha Sharma Resident
Michael Tracy Resident
Dean Walczak Resident
Partners in Energy Utility and Facilitation Team
Marcus Baker Partners in Energy Community Facilitator
Deirdre Coleman Partners in Energy Community Facilitator
Kelsey Poljacik Partners in Energy Data Lead
Paolo Spiern Partners in Energy Community Facilitator
Sofia Troutman Program Manager, Xcel Energy's Partners in Energy
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... i
Glossary of Terms .......................................................................................................................3
Introduction .................................................................................................................................1
Our Engagement & Outreach Process ....................................................................................1
Why We Want An Energy Action Plan .....................................................................................2
Where We Are Now ....................................................................................................................3
Community Demographics ......................................................................................................3
Energy Use and Savings .........................................................................................................4
Where We Are Going ................................................................................................................15
Energy Vision Statement .......................................................................................................15
Focus Areas ..........................................................................................................................15
Community Goal ...................................................................................................................16
How We Are Going to Get There...............................................................................................17
Focus Area 1: ........................................................................................................................17
Alleviating Energy Burden on Homeowners and Renters ......................................................17
Focus Area 2: ........................................................................................................................21
Enhancing Energy Efficiencies in Buildings ...........................................................................21
Focus Area 3: ........................................................................................................................25
Embracing Clean, Renewable Energy ...................................................................................25
Energy Action Plan Impact ....................................................................................................27
How We Stay On Course ..........................................................................................................29
Appendix A: Implementation Work Plan ....................................................................................30
Appendix B: Baseline Energy Analysis ......................................................................................32
Appendix C: Methodology for Measuring Success ....................................................................44
Appendix D: Xcel Energy’s Partners in Energy Planning Process .............................................50
About Xcel Energy’s Partners in Energy ................................................................................50
Plan Development Process ...................................................................................................50
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
4 x 50: Xcel Energy’s privacy rule, which requires all data summary statistics to contain at least
four premises, with no single premise responsible for more than 50% of the total. Following
these rules, if a premise(s) is responsible for more than 50% of the tota l for that data set, it
is/they are removed from the summary.
Beneficial Electrification: Xcel Energy defines beneficial electrification (BE) as the
replacement of fossil fuel use with electricity that results in either lower costs, reduced
emissions, or more effective use of the power grid.
British Thermal Unit (BTU): the amount of heat needed to raise one pound of water at
maximum density through one degree Fahrenheit
Carbon-free: Carbon-free refers to sources of energy that will not emit additional carbon
dioxide into the air. Wind, solar and nuclear energy are all carbon free sources but only wind
and solar are renewable.
Carbon-neutral: Carbon-neutral, also described as “net zero”, could include carbon -free
sources but is broader and refers to energy that removes or avoids as much carbon dioxide as
is released over a set period of time. Carbon -neutral is sometimes used to describe a site that
produces an excess amount of electricity from a renewable energy source, such as solar,
compared to what it consumes. That excess energy is put back into the grid in an amount that
offsets the carbon dioxide produced from the electrici ty it draws from the grid when it is not
producing renewable energy.
Community Data Mapping: A baseline analysis of energy data in a geospatial (map) format
across the community.
Energy Conservation and Optimization Programs (ECO): Portfolio of approved utility energy
efficiency and demand management programs. Minnesota electric utilities have a goal of saving
1.5% of their total energy sales each year via customer conservation efforts. Minnesota natural
gas utilities have a goal of saving 0.5% of their total energy sales each year via customer
conservation efforts. ECO programs help Minnesota households and businesses use electricity
and natural gas more efficiently, lessening the need for new utility infrastructure. The Minnesota
Department of Commerce, Division of Energy Resources (DER) oversees ECO to ensure that
ratepayer dollars are used effectively in achieving those goals and that energy savings are
reported as accurately as possible.
Decatherm (Dth): Quantity of energy that is equivalent to ten therms.
Demand Side Management (DSM): Modification of consumer demand for energy through
various methods, including education and financial incentives. DSM aims to encourage
consumers to decrease energy consumption, especially during peak hours, or to shift time -of-
energy use to off-peak periods such as nighttime and weekend.
Direct Installation: Free energy-saving equipment installed by Xcel Energy or other
organization, for program participants, that produces immediate energy savings.
Energy Burden: Percentage of gross household income spent on energy costs.
Energy Reduction: The result of behavior changes that cause less energy to be used. For
example, setting the thermostat to a lower temperature reduces the energy used in your home
during the winter. Since energy reductions can be easily reversed, they are not accounted for
when calculating changes in energy usage.
Energy Savings: Comes from a permanent change that results in using less energy to achieve
the same results. A new furnace uses X% less energy to keep your home at the same
temperature (all things being equal), resulting in energy savings of X%. For accounting
purposes, energy savings are only counted in the year the new equipment is installed.
Greenhouse Gases (GHG): Gases in the atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation and
significantly contribute to climate change. The primary greenhouse gases in the earth's
atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
Grid Decarbonization: The current planned reduction in the carbon intensity of electricity
provided by electric utilities through the addition of low - or no-carbon energy sources to the
electricity grid.
Kilowatt-hour (kWh): A unit of electricity consumption.
Million British Thermal Units (MMBtu): A unit of energy consumption that allows electricity
and natural gas consumption to be combined.
Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (MTCO2e): A unit of measure for greenhouse gas
emissions. The unit "CO2e" represents an amount of a greenhouse gas whose atmospheric
impact has been standardized to that of one unit mass of carbon dioxide (CO 2), based on the
global warming potential (GWP) of the gas.
Megawatt (MW): A unit of electric power equal to 1 million watts.
Premise: A unique combination of service address and meter. For residential customers, this is
the equivalent of an individual house or dwelling unit in a multi -tenant building. For business
customers, it is an individual business, or for a larger business, a separat ely-metered portion of
the business’s load at that address.
Renewable Energy: For the purposes of this Energy Action Plan, renewable energy refers to
solar and wind energy. Residents and businesses currently have the opportunity to subscribe to
programs offered by Xcel Energy limited to these two renewable energy sources. Other forms of
clean energy may be considered when programs become available to the community.
Renewable Energy Certificate (REC): For every megawatt-hour of clean, renewable electricity
generation, a renewable energy certificate (REC) is created. A REC embodies all of the
environmental attributes of the generation and can be tracked and traded separately from the
underlying electricity. Also known as a Renewable Energy Credit.
Resilience: The ability to prepare for and adapt to changing conditions and withstand and
recover rapidly from disruptions. Resilience includes the ability to withstand and recover from
deliberate attacks, accidents, or naturally occurring threats or incidents .
Recommissioning: An energy efficiency service focused on identifying ways that existing
building systems can be tuned up to run as efficiently as possible.
Solar Garden: Shared solar array with grid-connected subscribers who receive bill credits for
their subscriptions.
Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Solar cells/panels that convert sunlight into electricity (convert light, or
photons, into electricity, or voltage).
Subscription: An agreement to purchase a certain amount of something in regular intervals.
Therm (thm or therm): A unit of natural gas consumption.
Trade Partner: Trade Partners, also known as Trade Allies or Business Trade Partners, are
vendors and contractors who work with business and residential customers servicing, installing,
and providing consulting services regarding the equipment associated with utility re bate
programs. Their support for utility programs can range from providing equipment and assisting
with rebate paperwork, to receiving rebates for equipment sold.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 1
INTRODUCTION
Falcon Heights has made great progress toward their energy goals in our 2020 Comprehensive
Plan through the creation of an Environmental Commission, GreenStep city participation, EV
Smart Cities Program, SolSmart city participation, and renewable energy commitments. With an
eye toward climate planning, an energy plan will advance and accelerate these efforts.
Our Engagement & Outreach Process
The creation of this Energy Action Plan was a six-month process to help support our community
by characterizing its energy use, identifying our energy-related goals, and developing engaging
strategies to guide change toward our energy future. Starting in January 2024, the Energy
Action Plan was driven by a series of open houses and planning workshops held in the
community with a planning team committed to representing local energy priorities in
collaboration with City of Falcon Heights and Xcel Energy Partners in Energy. By the numbers,
we engaged the community through 3 surveys, 3 workshops, 2 open houses, 17 Energy Action
Team participants, 63 community energy survey respondents and over 100 people at open
houses. See Appendix D for more information about the planning process and Xcel Energy
Partners in Energy.
Figure 1. Photographs from Falcon Height’s Spring Together event in Curtis Park, May 2024
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 2
Why We Want An Energy Action Plan
The City of Falcon Heights recognizes the urgency of addressing climate change and has
committed to taking action by signing a resolution in January 2023 that declares a climate crisis.
This commitment involves developing a City Climate Action Plan with in put from residents,
businesses and nonprofit organizations, in collaboration with other entities working on climate
action in the community.
As a GreenStep City, Falcon Heights aims to contribute to Minnesota's goal of achieving net-
zero emissions by 2040. A key aspect of this effort is addressing the energy inefficiency of the
city’s older homes and multi-family buildings. Partners in Energy can provide valuable expertise
to assess the current energy situation and guide the City in implementing effective measures.
The Energy Action Plan is crucial for addressing several pressing issues, including inefficient
housing, emissions from the State Fair, idling vehicles, potential redevelopment of the University
of Minnesota golf course, and gaining a comprehensive understanding of the city’s current
energy landscape. By identifying and focusing on the most significant concerns, Falcon Heights
can ensure that its efforts are strategic and impactful.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 3
WHERE WE ARE NOW
An integral part of the Partners in Energy planning process is reviewing historical energy data to
inform our community’s energy baseline. Xcel Energy provided data on energy use, participation
counts and utility energy conservation program savings for Falcon Heights, as detailed in the
following sections. See Appendix A: Baseline Energy Analysis for a comprehensive picture of
Falcon Heights baseline energy data.
Community Demographics
As of 2022, Falcon Heights had a population of just over 5,200 people living in approximately
2,200 housing units.1 Falcon Heights residents identify as White (75%), Asian (13%) and Black
(6%), and 22% of residents speak a language other than English. Falcon Heights has a poverty
rate of 7%, with a median household income of $87,750. With 90% of its housing built before
2000, most Falcon Heights residents live in housing stock with significant opportunity for energy
efficiency improvements because of aging buildings and equipment. Additionally, 39% of the
housing units in Falcon Heights are renter-occupied, presenting unique opportunities for energy
efficiency measures targeted at renters and property owners. Figure 1 shows a community
demographic profile for Falcon Heights.
1 Data source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey, 2022 5-year estimates
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 4
Figure 1. Overview of Falcon Heights community demographics
Energy Use and Savings
Premises
Xcel Energy provides electricity and natural gas to Falcon Heights residents and businesses. In
2023, Falcon Heights consisted of 2,413 distinct utility premises, which are a unique
combination of service address and meter. For residential customers, this is the equivalent of an
individual house or dwelling unit in a multi-tenant building. For business customers, it is an
individual business, or for a larger business, a separately metered portion of the business’ load
at that address. Most Falcon Heights premises are residential, followed by a portion of
commercial and industrial premises, and finally a small number of City-owned municipal
premises (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Total premises by sector, 2022
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 5
Grid Energy Use
On average over the baseline period (2021 –2023), the Falcon Heights community consumes
nearly 30 million kWh and about 2.4 million therms of natural gas each year across all sectors
(Figure 3). To compare electricity and natural gas consumption on a common measure of
energy, total energy consumption can be calculated by converting both electricity and natural
gas into British thermal units, displayed here as million British thermal units (MMBtu).
Although the commercial and industrial sector only makes up 12% of total premises in Falcon
Heights, it accounts for over half the total energy consumption. Commercial and industrial
premises use significantly more energy on average per premise than residential premises, a
typical pattern for cities like Falcon Heights.
Figure 3. Average annual energy consumption by sector, 2021–2023
During the three-year baseline period, Falcon Heights saw an overall increase in electricity
consumption, with a 5% increase in electricity consumption in 2023 compared to 2021.
Electricity use in the residential sector increased slightly by 1% between 2021 and 2023, while
the commercial and industrial sector increase d by 8% over the same period; the municipal
sector in Falcon Heights increased by 15% (Figure 4).
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 6
Figure 4. Electricity consumption by sector and cooling degree days, 2021–2023
Similarly, natural gas consumption in Falcon Heights was greater in 2023 compared to 2021,
with an overall increase of 10% in community-wide usage. Natural gas consumption in the
residential sector increased by 9% between 2023 and 2021, and 11% in the commercial and
industrial sector over this period; the municipal sector saw an increase of nearly 50%, though
the municipal sector makes up only a small portion of community -wide consumption (Figure 5).
The fluctuations in natural gas consumption between 2021 and 2023 correlate with cooler
temperatures, measured by heating degree days (HDD), as shown in the figure below.
13 13 13
16 16 17
29 29 30
0
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)
kW
h
Mi
l
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Electricity Consumption
Residential Commercial and Industrial Municipal CDD
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 7
Figure 5. Natural gas consumption by sector and heating degree days, 2021–2023
Energy Costs and Energy Burden
During an average year, Falcon Heights spends a total of about $6.2 million on energy fuel
costs for electricity and natural gas (Figure 6). More than half (54%) of these costs are spent by
the commercial and industrial sector, with total annual average fuel costs at just over $3.3
million. The remaining 46% is spent primarily by the residential sector, with an annual total of
$2.8 million, and the municipal sector, spending about $30,000 annually on average.
Figure 6. Total average annual electricity and natural gas fuel costs by sector, 2021–2023
1.1 1.3 1.2
1.1
1.2 1.2
2.1
2.5 2.4
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
0.0
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2021 2022 2023
He
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r
m
s
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l
l
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Natural Gas Consumption
Residential Commercial and Industrial Municipal HDD
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 8
Table 1. Annual fuel costs by sector and fuel type, 2021–2023
Sector Annual
Electricity Costs
Annual Natural
Gas Costs
Annual Cost per
Premise
Residential $1,820,262 $1,044,552 $1,384
Commercial & Industrial $2,403,249 $929,222 $11,873
Municipal $22,055 $7,421 $1,734
Total $4,245,566 $1,981,195 -
Energy burden is the percentage of income that a resident spends on energy bills. A high
energy burden is defined as spending 6% or more of household income on energy costs, while
a severe energy burden is 10% or greater of household income .2 In Falcon Heights, the
residents with the highest energy burden are those living in owner-occupied housing with
incomes between 0–30% of area median income (AMI), with an estimated energy burden of
24% (Figure 7).3 Approximately 52 owner-occupied housing units fall within this category.
Energy burden remains high for owner-occupied residents even as household income
increases, until AMI is met. In renter-occupied housing, energy burden is highest for those with
the lowest incomes but alleviated at higher rates of household income. Figure 8 shows the
distribution of households across these ranges of AMI, by owner status.
2 ACEEE: How High Are Household Energy Burdens? An Assessment of National and Metropolitan
Energy Burdens across the U.S. https://www.aceee.org/research-report/u2006
3 Energy burden data sourced from Department of Energy Low-Income Energy Affordability Data (LEAD)
tool. https://www.energy.gov/scep/slsc/lead-tool
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 9
Figure 7. Average energy burden by owner status and median income
Figure 8. Household count and percent of total households by income and owner status in Falcon Heights
24%
10%
6%6%
2%
10%
4%
2%2%2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0% - 30%30% - 60%60% - 80%80% - 100%100%+
En
e
r
g
y
B
u
r
d
e
n
Percent of Area Median Income
Average Energy Burden as Percent of Income
Falcon Heights
Owner-occupied Renter-occupied
2%
8%
4%6%
39%
12%14%
5%4%5%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0-30%30-60%60-80%80-100%100%+
Nu
m
b
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r
o
f
H
o
u
s
e
h
o
l
d
s
Percent of Area Median Income
Number and Percent of Falcon Heights
Households by Income and Owner Status
Owner Occupied Renter Occupied
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 10
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Greenhouse gas emissions are calculated for both electricity and natural gas consumption for
all sectors in Falcon Heights (Figure 9). Energy-related greenhouse gas emissions in Falcon
Heights in 2023 totaled to over 20,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO 2e). In
2023, the commercial and industrial sector accounted for 52% of the total emissions, the
residential sector made up about 47% of total emissions, and the municipal sector was
responsible for the remaining nearly 1%.
Figure 9. Energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, 2021–2023
Figure 10 shows the breakdown of greenhouse gas emissions by both sector and fuel type in
2023. The largest proportion of greenhouse gas emissions (62%) came from natural gas
consumption, with an even split between the commercial and industrial and residential sectors.
The remaining energy-related emissions were from electricity emissions, where the commercial
and industrial sector accounted for about 21% of community -wide electricity emissions and the
residential sector accounted for 16%. As Xcel Energy decarbonizes its grid, the overall
proportion of electricity emissions is expected to decrease over time, which will make natural
gas emissions higher as a proportion of total energy-related emissions.
9 10 10
10
11 10
20
21 20
0
5
10
15
20
25
2021 2022 2023
MT
C
O
2e
Th
o
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s
a
n
d
s
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Residential Commercial and Industrial Municipal
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 11
Figure 10. Energy-related greenhouse gas emissions by sector and fuel type, 2021–2023
Renewable Energy
Falcon Heights residents and businesses support renewable energy through Xcel Energy
subscription programs, community solar gardens and on-site offerings (Table 2). In Falcon
Heights, most renewable energy support comes from the residential sector, where 180 residents
subscribe to Renewable*Connect and Renewable*Connect Flex amounting to a total of 818,449
kWh subscribed in 2022. Additionally, as of 2023, 36 residents have on-site solar and 25
residents participate in Solar*Rewards Community, which allows residents and businesses to
subscribe to community solar gardens without needing equipment installed.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 12
Table 2. Participation and kWh subscriptions in Xcel Energy renewable energy offerings, 2022 and 20234
Residential Commercial
& Industrial Municipal
Renewable*Connect &
Renewable*Connect Flex® (2022)
Subscriber Count 180 0
0
Total Annual Electricity Subscribed
(kWh) 818,449 0
0
Community Solar Gardens –
Solar*Rewards® Community (2023)
Subscriber Count 25 5
6
Total Annual Electricity Subscribed
(kWh) 169,924 180,904
55,508
On-Site Solar – Solar*Rewards® and
Net-Metering (2023)5
Subscriber Count 44 8
-
Total Electricity Capacity (kW) 316 742
-
In addition to renewable energy program participation from residents, as of 2023, five
commercial and industrial customers in Falcon Heights have on-site solar, one of those
installations is on the City Hall building . Five commercial and industrial customers subscribe to
Solar*Rewards Community along with six municipal subscribers.
Energy Efficiency Program Participation & Savings
Both residential and commercial and industrial premises in Falcon Heights are already
participating in Xcel Energy’s efficiency offerings for which they can receive rebates for
upgrading equipment, receiving a building audit or managing their demand through rate savings
programs, among other opportunities. Participation in these programs results in energy savings
for participants. In Falcon Heights, residents and businesses saved an annual average of
222,000 kWh of electricity per year over the three -year baseline period, and 39,000 therms of
natural gas (Table 3).
4 2023 metrics for Renewable*Connect and Renewable*Connect Flex program participation in Falcon
Heights were not available at the time of energy action planning.
5 Source: Xcel Energy 2023 Community Energy Report for Falcon Heights
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 13
Table 3. Falcon Heights average program participation and savings by sector in Xcel Energy DSM
offerings, 2021–2023
Program Sector Average Annual
Participation
Average
Electricity
Savings (kWh)
Average Natural
Gas Savings
(therms)
Residential 200 35,374 15,660
Income-Qualified 2 517 63
Commercial & Industrial 32 186,183 23,326
Total 233 222,074 39,049
Program participation in Falcon Heights occurs most in select Xcel Energy efficiency offerings
for each sector. Residents participated in and saw the most energy savings from Residential
Heating and Cooling, where residents receive rebates for upgrading to more efficient equipment
(Table 4). In the income-qualified sector, residents are participating in Home Energy Savings
Program and the low-income version of Home Energy Squad (Table 5). In the commercial and
industrial sector, businesses are already participating in numerous programs, with the highest
participation in HVAC+R Efficiency, the highest electricity savings from the Lighting Efficiency
program and the greatest natural gas savings from Efficiency Controls (Table 6).
Table 4. Average program participation and savings in Xcel Energy residential DSM programs, 2021–
2023
Residential Program Average Annual
Participants
Average Annual
Electricity
Savings (kWh)
Average Annual
Natural Gas
Savings
(therms)
Home Energy Audit 18 - -
Home Energy Squad 11 5,894 388
Insulation Rebate 7 1,515 2,524
Refrigerator Recycling 7 6,237 -
Residential Heating and
Cooling 87 20,551 12,201
Residential Saver's
Switch 22 24 -
Smart Thermostat 39 1,074 380
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 14
Table 5. Average program participation and savings in Xcel Energy income-qualified residential DSM
programs, 2021–2023
Income-Qualified
Program
Average Annual
Participants
Average Annual
Electricity
Savings (kWh)
Average Annual
Natural Gas
Savings
(therms)
Home Energy Savings
Program 1 381 52
Low-Income Home Energy
Squad 1 136 11
Table 6. Average program participation and savings in Xcel Energy commercial and industrial DSM
programs, 2021–2023
Commercial &
Industrial Program
Average Annual
Participants
Average Annual
Electricity
Savings (kWh)
Average Annual
Natural Gas
Savings
(therms)
Efficiency Controls 2 0 9,207
HVAC+R Efficiency 19 13,419 3,817
Lighting Efficiency 1 27,060 -
Multi-Family Building
Efficiency 2 21,091 1,044
Small Business Lighting 1 4,428 0
Smart Thermostats for
Business 5 1,294 257
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 15
WHERE WE ARE GOING
Energy Vision Statement
During the planning process, the Energy Action Team created a vision statement for this Energy
Action Plan. This statement helped guide the planning process and reflects the intention of the
community.
Focus Areas
To achieve a community-wide commitment to energy stewardship, the Energy Action Team
identified the following focus areas to prioritize strategies and resources. They used the data to
guide the selection of the following focus areas and stress the importance that these focus
areas have in engaging and connecting the community.
Vision Statement
Falcon Heights prioritizes energy strategies that
lead to a sustainable and equitable future.
Energy Burden
•Renters
•Homeowners
Building Energy
•Multi-family buildings
•Large and small
business
•Municipal Energy
Clean Energy
•Electrification
•Renewables
•EVs
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 16
These focus areas were chosen to provide a holistic approach to energy stewardship and aid in
meeting the community’s energy needs and goals.
Community Goal
The Energy Action Team set goals that complement the existing energy and climate goals using
the utility data, a feel for the community’s ambition level and a feasible timeline.
Goal: Falcon Heights will increase energy savings by 50% and avoid an additional
34% of community-wide greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.
Figure 11. Cumulative Avoided Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Xcel Energy Data)
Xcel Energy Fuel Mix, Certified Renewable Percentage and Goals
Falcon Heights is served by Xcel Energy for the community’s electric and natural gas needs.
Community members can understand their own fuel mix by understanding the utilities current
mix and goals for the future. An energy portfolio can be found on the Xcel Energy website, as
well as the Certified Renewable Percentage and future energy goals.
Figure 12. Xcel Energy 2024 Power Generation in the Upper Midwest
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 17
HOW WE ARE GOING TO GET THERE
The following strategies, organized by focus area, have timelines that help prioritize the work
into short, medium and long -term actions. The timeframes associated with these categories are
meant to fit within the Partners in Energy implementation period for the program to best support
these actions as Falcon Heights continues to implement this plan in subsequent years. The
Energy Action Team also identified specific communication tools, financing options and
community partners as a part of this plan. These potential partners and communication
organizations have not yet agreed to be a part of this work but are mentioned in each strategy to
be considered.
Our community also intends to consider the full lifespan of any product or program that might be
a part of these strategies, with the intent to create a more circular economy as a part of our goal
to reduce greenhouse gasses.
A Connected and Educated Community
Through these comprehensive high-level strategies, Falcon Heights will foster a more
connected and more educated community. By addressing energy burdens, enhancing building
efficiencies and embracing clean and renewable energy, the city will create a sustainable and
resilient environment for all its residents. United by a common goal, the people of Falcon
Heights will not only improve their own lives but also set an inspiring example for communities
everywhere.
Focus Area 1:
Alleviating Energy Burden on Homeowners and Renters
The City of Falcon Heights understands that energy costs can be a significant
burden, especially for those with limited incomes and inefficient homes. The City
will launch a series of strategic actions aimed at easing high energy burden and
ensuring that all residents can afford to keep their homes warm and lights on.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 18
Strategy 1: Conduct Energy Outreach in Schools
Falcon Heights Elementary School will be encouraged to integrate energy education into their
curriculum, teaching students about conservation and efficiency. These young ambassadors
can take their knowledge home, sharing energy -saving tips and resources with their families.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Identify school and teacher
partnerships and work with those
partners to understand classroom
needs.
Teachers, School Board, City of Falcon Heights,
Empowered Schools (see action 1D)
B) Develop materials and activities that
support appropriate energy
engagement according to school
partners.
Partners in Energy, City of Falcon Heights, Xcel
Energy student toolkit
C) Ask school library or other entities to
host educational events regarding
energy efficiency and clean energy.
Elementary school library and University of
Minnesota libraries
D) Encourage partnering with
EmPowered Schools program to
Neighboring School Districts
Empowered Schools, Falcon Heights Elementary
School, Roseville School District
E) Utilize the Minnesota GreenStep
School Program to show students that
their school is leading the way in
energy conservation and reducing
environmental impacts.
MN GreenStep School Program ,
Falcon Heights Elementary School, City of Falcon
Heights
Communication: Direct communication with elementary school and
City of Falcon Heights
Timeline: 1–6 months
Strategy 2: Develop Neighborhood Energy Liaisons
Local liaisons, equipped with energy knowledge, will play a crucial role in bridging the gap
between resources and residents. These trusted neighborhood figures will provide personalized
guidance on energy-saving practices and available support programs, focusing on equity and
inclusion.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Call for community volunteers by the City.
Community Engagement Commission (CEC),
Environment Commission, City of Falcon
Heights
B) Provide Xcel Energy and supporting
energy resources to the volunteers to share
with their neighbors / associations.
Neighborhood Liaisons at CEC, Homeowner
Associations, City of Falcon Heights,
Partners in Energy
C) Develop resources for volunteers to share
with neighbors (e.g., template emails,
National Night Out activities, NextDoor posts,
website content, etc.).
Neighborhood Liaisons at CEC, City of
Falcon Heights, Partners in Energy, Falcon
Heights GreenCorps Member
Communication: City of Falcon Heights website / newsletter,
handouts, emails, social media
Timeline: 1–6 months
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 19
Strategy 3: Increase Access to Renter Resources
To support renters, the City will promote access to various Xcel Energy programs and
resources, including assistance programs for energy bills and weatherization services. The City
will ensure that renters are well-informed and can easily access the help they need.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Provide renters with information about
applicable energy rebates
Xcel Energy, City of Falcon Heights, resident
groups, Multi-family building
owners/managers, Falcon Heights
GreenCorps Member
B) Raise awareness of assistance programs
for those renters who are affected by a higher
energy burden or lower-income household.
Xcel Energy, City of Falcon Heights, census
data, resident advocacy groups, food shelves
Communication: City of Falcon Heights direct to renter
community
Timeline: 1–6 months
Strategy 4: Promote Home Energy Assessments
An emphasis on free home energy audits will empower residents to identify inefficiencies in their
homes. Armed with this information, they will be able to take steps to reduce their energy
consumption and costs. They may also become more aware of available rebates and other
incentives.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Promote home energy assessments Partners in Energy, City of Falcon Heights,
Xcel Energy
B) Showcase residents who have had home
energy assessments and made
improvements in their home as a result.
City communications, Partners in Energy
Communication: Events, CEC, Environment Commission,
NextDoor website or other websites
Timeline: 6-12 months
Strategy 5: Provide Accessible Energy Communication
Developing clear and accessible communication channels will be vital. The City of Falcon
Heights will establish partnerships with local media and/or community organizations to
disseminate information about energy resources, ensuring that all residents are aware of the
support available to them.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Create an Energy Action Hub on the City
of Falcon Heights’ website to disseminate
information about energy re sources.
Partners in Energy, City of Falcon Heights,
Falcon Heights GreenCorps Member
B) Establish partnerships with community
organizations and/or Falcon Heights specific
publications to bring awareness to residents.
Park Bugle (nonprofit community
newspaper), City of Falcon Heights, Falcon
Heights Church
C) Include energy educational resources on
the City of Falcon Heights email newsletter. City of Falcon Heights
Communication: City communications
Timeline: 1-6 months
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 20
Strategy 6: Highlight Energy Saving and Clean Energy Testimonials
Promoting positive experiences that residents have had with the home assessments and other
energy projects could increase their demand. The City of Falcon Heights will encourage
residents to share their testimonials and experiences publicly to inspire more residents and
business owner to participate.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Showcase positive testimonials in the
City’s newsletter, blog and articles in local
media.
Park Bugle, Partners in Energy, City of
Falcon Heights
B) Postcard mail out campaign of
testimonials from residents to other residents, Partners in Energy, City of Falcon Heights
C) Postcard mail out campaign of
testimonials from business owners to other
businesses.
Partners in Energy, City of Falcon Heights
D) Share testimonials at St Paul Chamber of
Commerce meetings.
Energy Action Team members, St Paul
Chamber of Commerce, Environment
Commission
Communication: Post card mail outs, newsletters, emails,
blogs, and presentation
Timeline: 6–12 months
Strategy 7: Develop and Sustain Partnerships that Support Community Energy Equity
Goals
Developing relationships with key partners will help reach Falcon Heights energy and equity
goals while helping community members thrive.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Connect with Commonwealth Terrace
Cooperative (CTC) to Improve Living
Conditions through energy projects for
Student Housing
CTC, Xcel Energy, U of MN,
B) Form partnership with neighboring city
councils to coordinate energy equity projects
that are mutually beneficial
City of Falcon Heights, St. Paul, Roseville,
Lauderdale
Communication: Energy Action Team, City Communications
Timeline: 12-24 months
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 21
Focus Area 2:
Enhancing Energy Efficiencies in Buildings
Improving energy efficiency in buildings will be another cornerstone of Falcon
Heights' strategy. The City's approach will combine regulatory measures,
incentives, and outreach to create a culture of energy efficiency across all
types of buildings.
Strategy 1: Support Energy Improvements
To encourage landlords to invest in energy efficient upgrades, the City will tie energy
improvements in rental properties to deductions in rental license fees. This will make it
financially beneficial for landlords to improve living conditions for tenants.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Create and promote City incentives
and/or recognition for energy efficient
multi-family buildings.
City of Falcon Heights, Partners in Energy
B) Review and revise City code to
remove barriers to more energy
efficient multi-family buildings.
City of Falcon Heights, Planning Commission,
Environment Commission, City Council
C) Encourage multi-family buildings to
periodically re-invest in energy
efficient improvements that have a
reasonable payback period.
City of Falcon Heights, City Council
D) Support incentives for retrofits and
redevelopment of existing multi-family
buildings to improve energy while
respecting the historic integrity of
buildings and communities.
City of Falcon Heights, City Council
Communication: City communications
Timeline: 12–24 months
Strategy 2: Incentivize and Recognize Energy Efficiency Projects
The City of Falcon Heights will introduce creative motivations to motivate residents and
businesses to reduce their energy consumption. E.g. Monthly drawings for gift cards, yard signs
recognizing energy efficient homes and public acknowledgments
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Be present at community events with
resources and tips to encourage businesses
and residents to reduce energy consumption.
City of Falcon Heights, Falcon Heights
Elementary School, Senior Center, State
Fair, Falcon Heights Farmers’ Market
B) Request that homeowners who have
made significant energy efficiency
improvements temporarily display an energy
conservation yard sign.
Partners in Energy, City of Falcon Heights
C) Publicly acknowledge homeowners and
business owners in the City’s email
newsletter for energy conservation efforts.
Falcon Heights’ Email Newsletter, Partners in
Energy
Communication: City website and e-newsletter, in-person
community events
Timeline: 6-12 months
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 22
Strategy 3: Partner with the State Fair to Encourage Energy Projects
The annual State Fair can become a platform for promoting energy projects. Interactive exhibits
and demonstrations could showcase innovative energy solutions, inspiring residents and visitors
alike to adopt more sustainable practices.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Draft proposal to partner with State Fair to
encourage joint energy projects.
Minnesota State Fair, City of Falcon Heights,
Environment Commission
Communication: City communications
Timeline: 6-12 months
Strategy 4: Encourage Efficient Electric Heating Technologies
To further enhance energy efficiency, Falcon Heights will encourage the adoption of electric
heating options in buildings. Incentive programs and educational campaigns will highlight the
long-term savings and environmental benefits of switching to cold climate heat pumps and heat
pump rooftop units.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Create targeted outreach programs to
educate business owners and owners of
multi-family buildings about the benefits of
electric heating options.
City of Falcon Heights, Partners in Energy,
Falcon Heights GreenCorps Member
B) Host workshops and informational
sessions to highlight benefits of adopting
efficient electric heating technologies.
Owners/managers of multi-family buildings,
City of Falcon Heights, Partners in Energy
C) Encourage building owners who have
already installed air source heat pumps to
share their success stories with other building
owners through presentations, open houses
and business networking events.
Owners/managers of multi-family buildings,
City of Falcon Heights, Chamber of
Commerce
D) Assist businesses and workforce to keep
up to date on technological advances in
building energy. Provide outreach to local
businesses to assist in these educational
efforts.
Owners/managers of multi-family buildings,
City of Falcon Heights, Chamber of
Commerce, Partners in Energy
E) Recommend energy improvements for
rental properties during annual inspections.
Provide an opportunity to educate building
owners about energy improvements annually,
giving updates on electrification technology
and available incentives.
Owners/managers of multi-family buildings,
City of Falcon Heights
Communication: City communications, City e-newsletter
Timeline: 6–12 months
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 23
Strategy 5: Form Climate Action Partnership with the University of Minnesota
Partnering with the University of Minnesota could reduce carbon emissions. The City will seek
collaboration with the University to reduce carbon in the atmosphere and add electric vehicle
(EV) chargers.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Draft a proposal for collaboration between
the City Council and the University of
Minnesota and find a way forward.
City Council, University of Minnesota, Energy
Action Team
B) Advocate for increasing EV charging
infrastructure on and off campus.
University of Minnesota, Partners in Energy,
EV toolkit, City of Falcon Heights
C) Encourage charging infrastructure on new
developments and retrofits, especially multi-
family buildings and businesses. Support the
continued development of charging
infrastructure for EVs.
University of Minnesota, Partners in Energy,
EV toolkit, MF building owners/managers,
City of Falcon Heights, Environment
Commission, Planning Commission
Communication: City communications to University of
Minnesota
Timeline: 6-12 months
Strategy 6: Collaborate with Metro Transit
Work with Metro Transit to have electric buses on the Rapid Transit A Line and Route 121 to
reduce GHG emissions. The City will make official requests and inquiries to Metro Transit to
help make this possible.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Draft, send and follow up on a request to
Metro Transit to have electric buses on
routes.
City Council, Metro Transit, and Energy
Action Team
Communication: City communications to Metro Transit
Timeline: 12-24 months
Strategy 7: Reduce Costs of Home Energy Assessments for Residents
Create a program that would pay for residents to have complimentary or reduced cost home
energy assessment visits. The City could eliminate any financial objection for residents.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Address economic barriers for residents
who may be hard to reach or under-
represented in the community and increase
home energy assessment visits by promoting
free visits.
Community Engagement Commission (CEC),
Environment Commission, City of Falcon
Heights
Communication: City communications through CEC, City
newsletter
Timeline: 6-12 months
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 24
Strategy 8: Showcase Existing Energy Projects in Homes and Businesses
Provide opportunities for tours of voluntary residents' homes or local businesses who have
exemplary energy efficient integrations. These could also be showcased at a local energy fair.
The City will encourage and support events like these to increase the adoption of energy
efficient technologies.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Identify homes and businesses that have
already undergone energy projects. City of Falcon Heights, Partners in Energy
B) Recognize those who would wish to
participate in open house tours and set up
tour dates for groups to visit.
City of Falcon Heights, Resident volunteers
C) Host a local energy fair in Falcon Heights
and encourage citizen and local business
participation.
City of Falcon Heights, Partners in Energy,
Business Partners
Communication: City e-newsletter to residents
Timeline: 1–6 months
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 25
Focus Area 3:
Embracing Clean, Renewable Energy
In our quest for a sustainable future, Falcon Heights residents will also focus on
clean, renewable energy. Our strategies will aim to make renewable energy
accessible and practical for everyone in our community. For the purposes of
this plan, renewable energy is focused on solar and wind programs as that is what is available
to residents through the utility. Should other clean energy programs become available, those will
also be considered in these strategies.
When a resident or business participates in an Xcel Energy renewable energy program,
renewable energy credits (RECs) may be kept by the customer or delegated back to Xcel
Energy depending on the program. To learn more about RECs and how they work, visit
https://mn.my.xcelenergy.com/s/renewable/renewable -energy-claims
Strategy 1: Support a Group-Buy Solar Option
The City of Falcon Heights will support or organize a group-buy solar option, making it easier
and more affordable for residents to install solar panels. By pooling their purchasing power,
residents may access significant discounts on solar installations.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Explore a collaboration with solar groups
to help residents and businesses bulk buy
solar.
City of Falcon Heights
B) Pursue grants to assist with the installation
of solar panels on homes and businesses.
This financial support will make renewable
energy a viable option for more residents,
reducing the City's overall carbon footprint.
City of Falcon Heights
Communication: City communications to SUN
Timeline: 12-24 months
Strategy 2: Solar Arrays on Future Buildings
The City will continue to lead by example, installing solar panels on future public buildings like
what was done for City Hall as well as promote future buildings in the city to accommodate
arrays where feasible.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Request proposals for solar installations
on any future municipal buildings. City of Falcon Heights
B) Partner with one or more solar installation
companies to recommend to buildings in the
City.
City of Falcon Heights and solar installation
companies
C) Explore grants for installation of solar for
businesses and buildings.
City of Falcon Heights, State and Federal
grant programs
Communication: City Staff to Solar Installation companies
Timeline: 12-24 months
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 26
Strategy 3: Promote Renewable Subscription and On-site Options for Residents
Existing Xcel Energy programs allow residents to install on-site solar as well as subscribe to
wind and solar energy programs to support renewable energy. These programs can be
especially helpful to renters and homeowners with shaded roofs families who cannot, or don’t
want to invest in on-site options.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Encourage subscription and on-site
opportunities to residents during events and
on the City website.
City of Falcon Heights, Partners in Energy,
Xcel Energy
B) Share incentives for renewable energy
options with renters though email and mailing
campaigns.
Partners in Energy, Multi-family building
owners/managers, resident groups
Communication: City e-newsletter to residents, workshops,
events, etc.
Timeline: 6-12 months
Strategy 4: Partner with the University of Minnesota to Encourage Clean Energy
A partnership with the University will bring cutting-edge research and innovation to the
community. Collaborative energy projects will benefit the City, providing new solutions and
technologies to enhance sustainability.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Reach out to the University of Minnesota
to form a collaboration centered on clean
energy technologies.
City of Falcon Heights, University of
Minnesota, Partners in Energy
B) Partner with the University of Minnesota to
help share incentives for clean energy
programs to multi-family building owners,
residents and students.
University of Minnesota, Multi-family building
owners/managers, Partners in Energy
Communication: City communications to University of
Minnesota
Timeline: 6-12 months
Strategy 5: Establish a Reliable Workforce in Clean Energy Applications
Falcon Heights will establish support systems to help residents enter and access skilled
workforce versed in current energy technologies that support the City’s growing energy
initiatives.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Host workshops to educate the community
on clean and renewable energy topics and
resources while connecting professionals
with residents and residents with training
options.
Partners in Energy, Xcel Energy, public
spaces/hosts, resident and business partners
B) Support and promote workforce
opportunities in the clean energy industry
Xcel Energy, City of Falcon Heights, Partners
in Energy, workforce partners
Communication: City e-newsletter to residents, workshops,
events
Timeline: 12-24 months
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 27
Energy Action Plan Impact
Achieving the energy efficiency and renewable energy targets laid out in this plan will result in
increased energy efficiency program participation, greater electricity and natural gas savings,
and an increase in avoided greenhouse gas emissions compared to a business as usual (BAU)
scenario. Compared to the BAU scenario of 1,352 program participants between 2025 and
2030, the goal scenario projects an additional 384 participants in Xcel Energy DSM offerings
over this time for a total of 1,736 participants (Table 7).
Table 7. Business as usual and goal scenario target participation in Xcel Energy DSM offerings, by
sector, 2025–2030
Sector
Participation
Count – Business
as Usual
Participation
Count – Goal
Scenario
Plan Impact
(Count)
Residential 1,164 1,524 360
Commercial &
Industrial 188 211 24
Total 1,352 1,726 384
As a result of additional participation in Xcel Energy efficiency program offerings, residents and
businesses will save energy. Electricity and natural gas savings can be compared by converting
each fuel to the common denominator of million British thermal units (MMBtu). As a result of the
energy action plan implementation, energy savings in Falcon Heights are modeled to increase
by 52% in the goal scenario as compared to the BAU scenario (
Table 8).
Table 8. Business as usual and goal scenario target first-year energy savings in Xcel Energy DSM
offerings, by sector, 2025–2030
Sector MMBtu Savings –
Business as Usual
MMBtu Savings –
Goal Scenario
Plan Impact
(MMBtu Savings)
Residential 10,168 13,878 3,719
Commercial &
Industrial 17,807 28,591 10,783
Total 27,975 42,469 14,493
These energy savings may translate into dollar savings for residents and businesses, which are
estimated using sector-specific rates per kWh of electricity and per therm of natural gas. The
projected increase in energy efficiency programs would result in an estimated 65% increase in
dollar savings community-wide from first-year energy savings.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 28
Table 9. Business as usual and goal scenario target dollar savings from first-year energy efficiency
savings, by sector, 2025–2030
Sector Dollar Savings –
Business as Usual
Dollar Savings –
Goal Scenario
Plan Impact
(Dollar Savings)
Residential $92,256 $126,290 $34,034
Commercial &
Industrial $179,622 $321,424 $141,803
Total $271,878 $447,715 $175,837
Taken together, this increase in program participation for energy efficiency offerings, as well as
ongoing participation in renewable energy offerings, will result in a 34% increase in avoided
greenhouse gas emissions community-wide compared to BAU (Table 10).
Table 10. Business as usual and goal scenario greenhouse gas emissions avoidance from energy
efficiency and renewable energy program participation, by sector, 2025–2030
Sector
Greenhouse Gas
Avoided –
Business as Usual
(MTCO2e)
Greenhouse Gas
Avoided – Goal
Scenario
(MTCO2e)
Plan Impact
(MTCO2e)
Residential 1,229 1,414 194
Commercial &
Industrial 907 1,439 532
Total 2,126 2,853 726
Greenhouse Gas Community Goal Equivalencies
The greenhouse gas goal number equivalencies are equal to the following according to
estimates from the EPA6:
6 US EPA, OAR. Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator. 28 Aug. 2015,
https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator.
1.1 Million Gallons of
Gasoline Burned 1 Million Lbs. of Coal Burned 165 Thousand tree seedlings
grown for 10 years
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 29
HOW WE STAY ON COURSE
This Energy Action Plan is a living
document. Goals and strategies will be
assessed and refined as needed based on
data and community staff capacity.
Data and Reporting
Partners in Energy will provide biannual
progress reports with metrics of success and
overall progress toward goals for Xcel
Energy rebates and programs. These
reports will be available publicly and shared
with both the community and Energy Action
Team.
If available, ad hoc participation reports for
specific Xcel Energy programs (e.g., Home
Energy Squad) can be provided to measure success of campaigns and to determine if we need
to change course.
Project Management and Tracking
Partners in Energy will host regular project management check-in calls with staff to ensure we
stay on course to achieve our strategies.
If necessary, an implementation check-in meeting with the Energy Action Team can be
convened to assess progress toward goals and discuss strategy refinement.
Energy Action Team Commitment
The Energy Action Team formed to create this plan will support implementation by participating
in the strategies that they are passionate about and by connecting the City to networks and
resources that they uniquely have access to.
Figure 13. Actions and Tracking
Energy Action
Plan
Implementation
Measurement &
Reporting
Strategy
Development &
Refinement
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 30
APPENDIX A: IMPLEMENTATION WORK PLAN
This appendix gives additional detail for each strategy, including the implementation team and
tasks, timeline, and goals. This appendix will serve as a work plan for the Energy Action Team
and Partners in Energy.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 31
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 32
APPENDIX B: BASELINE ENERGY ANALYSIS
Data were provided by Xcel Energy for all Falcon Heights premises for 2021–2023. Xcel Energy
provides electric and natural gas service to the community. The data helped the Energy Action
Team understand energy use and opportunities for energy conservation and renewable energy
in Falcon Heights. Data included in this section establish es a baseline against which progress
toward goals will be compared in the future.
Electricity and Natural Gas Premises
As of 2023, there were 2,413 distinct premises in Falcon Heights (Table 11). Most premises are
residential (2,113), followed by commercial and industrial (283) and finally municipal buildings
(17).
Table 11. Premise counts by sector, 2021–2023
Sector 2021 2022 2023 Average
Residential 1,985 2,113 2,113 2,070
Commercial & Industrial 280 279 283 281
Municipal 17 17 17 17
Total 2,282 2,409 2,413 2,368
Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Trends by Sector
In an average year, Falcon Heights consumes about 29 million kWh of electricity and 2.3 million
therms of natural gas community-wide
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 33
Table 12). Total energy consumption increased by 8.4% over the baseline period, stemming
from a 4.6% increase in electricity consumption and 10.2% increase in natural gas consumption
over the baseline period.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 34
Table 12. Annual energy consumption by sector and fuel type, 2021–2023
Fuel Type Sector 2021 2022 2023 Average
Electricity
(kWh)
Residential 12,936,232 13,060,714 12,989,092 12,995,346
Commercial &
Industrial
15,591,597 16,149,072 16,827,067 16,189,245
Municipal 156,347 172,349 179,618 169,438
Total 28,684,176 29,382,135 29,995,777 29,354,029
Natural
Gas
(therm)
Residential 1,076,235 1,287,519 1,177,128 1,180,294
Commercial &
Industrial
1,052,794 1,170,143 1,165,722 1,129,553
Municipal 6,088 10,494 9,110 8,564
Total 2,135,117 2,468,156 2,351,960 2,318,411
Total
(MMBtu)
Residential 151,762 173,315 162,032 162,370
Commercial &
Industrial
158,478 172,115 173,986 168,193
Municipal 1,142 1,637 1,524 1,434
Total 311,382 347,067 337,542 331,997
Electricity and natural gas consumption often vary in accordance with weather patterns. Hotter
summers indicate a greater need for cooling, which may correlate with increased electricity use
for space cooling. The need for cooling is measured in cooling degree days (CDD). Colder
winters indicate a higher need for heating, which may correlate with increased natural gas
usage for space heating. The need for heating is measured in heating degree days (HDD). The
coldest winter over the baseline period occurred in 2022, which correlated with the highest
annual natural gas consumption in the community (Table 13).
Table 13. Degree days in Falcon Heights, 2021–2023
2021 2022 2023
Cooling Degree Days 1,184 1,049 1,232
Heating Degree Days 6,678 7,812 6,565
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Trends
In Falcon Heights, overall energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, as measured in metric
tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO 2e), increased in 2023 compared to 2021 by about 3%
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 35
Table 14). To calculate energy-related emissions in Falcon Heights, preliminary and third -party
verified emissions factors from Xcel Energy’s Upper Midwest Fuel Mix were used, as well as a
standard emissions factor for natural gas consumption (Table 15). As Xcel Energy completes
third-party verification for its latest grid emissions factors, the emissions factors used to estimate
greenhouse gas emissions may change slightly.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 36
Table 14. Energy-related greenhouse gas emissions in MTCO2e by sector and fuel type, 2021–2023
Fuel Type Sector 2021 2022 2023 Average
Electricity
emissions
(MTCO2e)
Residential 3,703 3,626 3,299 3,543
Commercial &
Industrial
4,463 4,483 4,274 4,407
Municipal 45 48 46 46
Total 8,210 8,157 7,619 7,995
Natural Gas
emissions
(MTCO2e)
Residential 5,712 6,833 6,247 6,264
Commercial &
Industrial
5,587 6,210 6,187 5,995
Municipal 32 56 48 45
Total 11,331 13,099 12,482 12,304
Total Energy-
Related
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
Residential 9,414 10,459 9,547 9,806
Commercial &
Industrial
10,050 10,693 10,461 10,401
Municipal 77 104 94 92
Total 19,541 21,255 20,101 20,299
Table 15. Emissions factors used to calculate energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, 2021–20237
Fuel Type 2021 2022 2023
Electricity Emissions Factor (lbs/MWh) 631 612 560
Natural Gas Emissions Factor (MTCO2e/Dth) 0.05307 0.05307 0.05307
7 Xcel Energy 2022. Carbon Dioxide Emission Intensities, https://www.xcelenergy.com/staticfiles/xe-
responsive/Environment/Carbon/Carbon-Emission-Intensities-Info-Sheet.pdf
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 37
Energy Costs
In an average year, all premises in Falcon Heights spent a collective total of $6.2 million on fuel
costs for both electricity and natural gas (Table 16). Falcon Heights residents accounted for
46% of the total spend in an average year ($2.9 million), business customers made up more
than half of the total at 53.5% ($3.3 million), while the municipal sector made up the remaining
0.5% ($30,000). Residential premises spent an annual average of $1,384 per premise on fuel
costs; commercial and industrial premises spent $11,973 per premise; and municipal premises
spent $1,734 on average.
Table 16. Annual energy costs by sector and fuel type, 2021–2023
Fuel
Type Sector 2021 2022 2023 Average
Average
Annual
Cost Per
Premise
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
Residential $1,666,640 $1,850,931 $1,943,769 $1,820,447 $879
Commercial
& Industrial
$1,942,398 $2,569,858 $2,697,491 $2,403,249 $8,634
Municipal $18,354 $23,584 $24,226 $22,055 $1,297
Total $3,627,392 $4,444,373 $4,665,486 $4,245,750 -
Na
t
u
r
a
l
G
a
s
Residential $711,950 $1,300,086 $1,121,104 $1,044,380 $504
Commercial
& Industrial
$607,201 $1,131,086 $1,049,379 $929,222 $3,339
Municipal $3,451 $9,968 $8,843 $7,421 $437
Total $1,322,602 $2,441,140 $2,179,326 $1,981,023 -
To
t
a
l
Residential $2,378,590 $3,151,017 $3,064,873 $2,864,827 $1,384
Commercial
& Industrial
$2,549,599 $3,700,944 $3,746,870 $3,332,471 $11,973
Municipal $21,805 $33,552 $33,069 $29,475 $1,734
Total $4,949,994 $6,885,513 $6,844,812 $6,226,773
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 38
Energy Burden
Energy burden is the percentage of income that residents spend on energy. In Falcon Heights,
residents who own their homes and make 30% or less of the area median income (AMI) spend
up to 24% of their household income on energy costs (Table 17). In the same AMI group,
residents who rent their homes are estimated to spend up to 10% of their household income on
energy costs. Energy burden is higher for residents in owner-occupied housing compared to
renters in Falcon Heights.
Table 17. Energy burden by unity occupancy and area median income8
Energy Burden Household Count
Percent of Area Median Income Own Rent Own Rent
0–30% 24% 10% 52 263
30–60% 10% 4% 166 301
60–80% 6% 2% 86 104
80–100% 6% 2% 123 86
100%+ 2% 2% 831 110
Total 2% 1% 1,258 864
8 Source: Department of Energy Low-Income Energy Affordability Data Tool
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 39
Program Participation and Savings
Residents and businesses in Falcon Heights are already participating in energy efficiency
offerings from Xcel Energy, which result in energy savings for residents and commercial
customers. While fewer commercial and industrial premises participated in these programs
during the baseline period, their participation resulted in larger overall savings per premise.
Over the baseline period, the residential sector saved an average of 35,374 kWh annually and
15,660 therms from 200 participants on average annually (Table 18). The income-qualified
residential sector saved an average of 517 kWh and 63 therms from two participants on
average.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 40
Table 19). Finally, the commercial and industrial sector saved an average of 186,183 kWh and
23,326 therms from 32 participants on average (Table 20).
Table 18. Annual residential sector participation in and savings from Xcel Energy efficiency offerings,
2021–2023
Residential
Program 2021 2022 2023
Count Savings
(kWh)
Savings
(therms) Count Savings
(kWh)
Savings
(therms) Count Savings
(kWh)
Savings
(therms)
Home
Energy
Audit
5 0 0 19 0 0 29 0 0
Home
Energy
Squad
5 3258 318 10 6368 275 19 8056 571
HomeSmart 6 0 0 8 0 0 8 0 0
Insulation
Rebate 10 1801 3384 4 474 1104 8 2269 3085
Refrigerator
Recycling 15 12260 0 4 4305 0 3 2147 0
Residential
HVAC 89 26492 11058 93 16619 13888 80 18543 11657
Residential
Saver's
Switch
21 24 0 43 45 0 3 3 0
Smart
Thermostat 34 1674 920 36 598 165 47 950 55
Whole
Home
Efficiency
0 0 0 1 235 499 0 0 0
Total 185 45,509 15,680 218 28,644 15,931 197 31,968 15,368
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 41
Table 19. Annual income-qualified participation in and savings from Xcel Energy residential efficiency
offerings, 2021–2023
Income-Qualified
Residential
Program
2021 2022 2023
Count Savings
(kWh)
Savings
(therms) Count Savings
(kWh)
Savings
(therms) Count Savings
(kWh)
Savings
(therms)
Home Energy
Savings Program 1 1,065 0 0 0 0 2 79 156
Low-Income Home
Energy Squad 0 0 0 1 408 18 1 0 15
Multi-Family
Energy Savings
Program
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1 1,065 0 1 408 18 3 79 171
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 42
Table 20. Annual commercial and industrial program participation in and savings from Xcel Energy
efficiency offerings, 2021–2023
Commercial &
Industrial
Program
2021
2022
2023
Count Savings
(kWh)
Savings
(therms) Count Savings
(kWh)
Savings
(therms) Count Savings
(kWh)
Savings
(therms)
Custom
Efficiency 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 8,430
Data Center
Efficiency 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Energy Design
Assistance 0 0 0 1 356,667 17,820 0 0 0
HVAC+R
Efficiency 2 1,761 142 6 0 6,741 49 38,496 4,568
Lighting
Efficiency 2 76,608 0 1 682 0 1 3,891 0
Multi-Family
Building
Efficiency
5 63,274 3,133 0 0 0 1 0 0
Saver's Switch
for Business 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Small Business
Lighting 2 8,181 0 0 0 0 1 5,104 0
Smart
Thermostats for
Business
6 1,933 385 10 1,950 385 0 0 0
Total 18 151,759 3,660 18 359,299 24946 53 47,491 12,998
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 43
Renewable Energy Support
There is existing support for renewable energy in Falcon Heights, with 241 residents, 10
commercial and industrial customers and 6 municipal buildings supporting renewable energy
through either subscriptions or on -site solar (Table 21, Table 22). At the time of the planning
process, 2023 Renewable*Connect and Renewable*Connect Flex data were not available.
Table 21. Xcel Energy renewable energy subscription program participation and electricity subscribed in
Falcon Heights, 2022 and 2023
Residential Commercial &
Industrial
Municipal
Renewable*Connect & Renewable*Connect
Flex® (2022)
Subscriber Count 180 0 0
Total Annual Electricity Subscribed (kWh) 818,449 0 0
Community Solar Gardens –
Solar*Rewards® Community (2023)
Subscriber Count 25 5 6
Total Annual Electricity Subscribed (kWh) 169,924 180,904 55,508
Total Xcel Energy Subscription Renewable
Energy Support
Subscriber Count 205 5 6
Total Annual Electricity Subscribed (kWh) 988,373 180,904 55,508
Table 22. Xcel Energy on-site solar program support in Falcon Heights, 2023
On-Site Solar – Solar*Rewards® and Net-Metering
(2023)9 Residential Commercial &
Industrial
Subscriber Count 44 8
Total Electricity Capacity (kW) 316 742
9 Source: Xcel Energy 2023 Community Energy Report for Falcon Heights
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 44
APPENDIX C: METHODOLOGY FOR
MEASURING SUCCESS
As part of implementation support, Partners in Energy will provide biannual progress reports for
Xcel Energy participation and savings data for Falcon Heights. All goals will be measured
against the Falcon Heights three-year baseline of 2021–2023 data unless otherwise noted.
The following section defines the three-year baseline against which progress is measured,
including Xcel Energy programs included in the baseline.
Community-Wide Goal
Falcon Heights will increase energy savings by 52% and avoid an additional 34% of community-
wide greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 through additional participation in energy efficiency
programs and on-going renewable energy participation. This amounts to an additional 14,000
MMBtu of energy savings and 700 additional MTCO2e of greenhouse gas emissions avoided.
Focus Area Goals
Alleviating Energy Burden on Homeowners and Renters : Residential Energy Efficiency
• Engage 248 residents annually in Xcel Energy’s energy efficiency programs.
• Save 2,292 MMBtu of energy annually, for a total of 13,751 MMBtu saved through
residential energy efficiency program participation between 2025 and 2030.
This goal will be measured by comparing actual program participation against the business as
usual (BAU) scenario. Total goal progress will be measured from January 2025 through
December 2030. Table 23 identifies annual program participation targets and total energy
efficiency savings to meet this goal. These targets are based on current Xcel Energy programs
and estimated savings. If Xcel Energy offers new programs for residents, these will be included
in this calculation at the discretion of the City of Falcon Heights and Partners in Energy.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 45
Table 23. Annual residential energy efficiency participation and total savings from select Xcel Energy
offerings, 2025–2030
Program Annual BAU
Participation
Annual
Participation
Target
Total
Participants,
2025–2030
Total Energy
Savings,
2025–2030
(MMBtu)
Efficient New
Home
Construction
0 1 6
86
Home Energy
Audit 18 23 136
-
Home Energy
Squad 11 21 128
665
Insulation
Rebate 7 12 74
2,599
Residential
Heating and
Cooling10
87 112 674
9,957
Refrigerator
Recycling 7 7 44
128
Residential
Saver's Switch 22 22 134
0
Smart
Thermostat 39 49 294
314
Alleviating Energy Burden on Homeowners and Renters: Income-Qualified Residential
Energy Efficiency
• Engage 6 income-qualified residents annually in Xcel Energy energy efficiency
programs.
• Save a total of 116 MMBtu through income-qualified residential energy efficiency
program participation between 2025 and 2030.
This goal will be measured by comparing actual program participation against the BAU
scenario. Total goal progress will be measured from January 2025 through December 2030.
Table 24 identifies annual program participation targets and total energy efficiency savings to
meet this goal. These targets are based on current Xcel Energy income-qualified programs and
estimated savings. If Xcel Energy offers new income-qualified programs for residents, these will
10 Xcel Energy filed a new Triennial DSM plan in 2021, which resulted in some programs being
reorganized and renamed. The Residential HVAC group now includes Residential Cooling, Residential
Heating, Residential Heating and Cooling, and Water Heater Rebate.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 46
be included in this calculation at the discretion of the City of Falcon Heights and Partners in
Energy.
Table 24. Annual income-qualified residential energy efficiency participation and total savings from select
Xcel Energy offerings, 2025–2030
Program Annual BAU
Participation
Annual
Participation
Target
Total
Participants,
2025–2030
Total Energy
Savings,
2025–2030
(MMBtu)
Home Energy
Savings Program 1 2 12
78
Low Income
Home Energy
Squad
1 3 16
38
Low Income
Multi-family
Building
Efficiency
0 1 6
-
Enhancing Energy Efficiencies in Buildings: Business Energy Efficiency
• Engage 42 commercial & industrial customers annually in Xcel Energy energy-efficiency
programs.
• Save 4,765 MMBtu annually for a total of 28,591 MMBtu saved through commercial &
industrial energy efficiency program participation between 2025 and 2030 .
This goal will be measured by comparing actual program participation against the BAU
scenario. Total goal progress will be measured from January 2025 through December 2030.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 47
Table 25 identifies annual program participation targets and total energy efficiency savings to
meet this goal. These targets are based on current Xcel Energy commercial and industrial
programs and estimated savings. If Xcel Energy offers new commercial and industrial programs
for businesses, these will be included in this calculation at the discretion of the City of Falcon
Heights and Partners in Energy.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 48
Table 25. Annual commercial and industrial energy efficiency participation and total savings from select
Xcel Energy offerings, 2025–203011
Program Annual BAU
Participation
Annual
Participation
Target
Total
Participants,
2025–2030
Total Energy
Savings,
2025–2030
(MMBtu)
Business
Energy
Assessments
0 1 6 4,816
Custom
Efficiency 0 1 2 1,686
Energy Design
Assistance 0 1 4 10,496
Efficiency
Controls 2 2 10 5,524
HVAC+R
Efficiency 19 23 138 3,105
Lighting
Efficiency 1 3 20 1,385
Multi-Family
Building
Efficiency
2 2 12 1,058
Saver's Switch
for Business 0 0 2 0
Small Business
Lighting 1 3 18 272
Smart
Thermostats
for Business
5 7 44 248
Embracing Clean, Renewable Energy
• Retain residential participants in Xcel Energy’s renewable energy subscription programs,
Renewable*Connect and Renewable*Connect Flex.
• Save 687 MTCO2e of greenhouse gas emissions.
This focus area will be measured by comparing actual program participation in
Renewable*Connect and Renewable*Connect Flex against the BAU scenario. No increase
in participation was projected for this goal between January 2025 and December 2030.
Table 26 identifies the 2030 participation and kWh target to meet this goal . These targets
are based on current participation and subscriptions to Renewable*Connect and
Renewable*Connect Flex. If Xcel Energy offers renewable subscription programs for
11 The sum of total Custom Efficiency and Energy Design Assistance participants does not add to the
annual participation target over the goal period due to rounding.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 49
residents, these will be included in this calculation at the discretion of the City of Falcon
Heights and Partners in Energy.
Table 26. Annual renewable energy subscription participation and total GHG savings 2025–2030
Program
Baseline
Residential
Participants
Baseline kWh
Subscribed
Target
Residential
Participants in
2030
Total
Greenhouse
Gas Emissions
Saved, 2025–
2030 (MTCO2e)
Renewable*Connect
Flex 189 733,692 189 646
Renewable*Connect12 14 46,650 14 41
Total 203 780,342 203 687
12 As of 2024, Renewable*Connect is at capacity and not accepting new subscribers
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 50
APPENDIX D: XCEL ENERGY’S PARTNERS IN
ENERGY PLANNING PROCESS
About Xcel Energy’s Partners in Energy
Xcel Energy is an electric and natural gas utility that provides the energy that powers millions of
homes and businesses across eight Western and Midwestern states. Each community Xcel
Energy serves has its own unique priorities and vision for its energy future. The energy
landscape is dynamically changing with communities leading the way in setting energy and
sustainability goals. To continue to innovatively support their communities, Xcel Energy
launched Partners in Energy in the summer of 2014 as a collaborative resource with tailored
services to complement each community’s vision. The program offerings include support to
develop an energy action plan or electric vehicle plan, tools to help implement the plan and
deliver results, and resources designed to help each community stay informed and achieve their
outlined goals.
Plan Development Process
The content of this plan is derived from a series of planning workshops held in the community
with a planning team committed to representing local energy priorities and implementing plan
strategies.
The planning process began with an open house at City Hall where the people came to give
input into the plan’s vision and strategy. The open house also served as a place for residents to
ask questions about the Partners in Energy Program, Xcel Energy’s goals, and what resources
and support will be provided for the plan. There was also a community energy survey in English,
Spanish, and Somali that launched at that time to seek similar input into the plan.
The Energy Action Team, made up of Environment Commission members, residents, and city
staff, then met for a workshop to digest the community’s input, survey responses, and look at
the community’s energy baseline data. They also shaped the vision and focus areas of the plan .
The team then met for a virtual meeting to hear about utility programs and more community
energy survey results and review workshop outcomes.
Falcon Heights Energy Action Plan 51
A second open house set at the Falcon Heights Spring Together Event, showcased the
community energy data, invited community input while engaging families, youth, and the
business community.
Finally, the Energy Action Team came together for a workshop that rounded out the planning
effort by bringing together a full picture of the community’s input, developed strategies, and
discussed the implementation of the plan.
Partners in Energy Process for Success Resources from Xcel Energy for Implementation
Project
Management
Communication
Assistance and
Resources
Tracking and
Measurement
Celebration and
Recognition of
Successes
Falcon Heights – Energy Action Plan Work Plan – EC Actions
Focus Area 1: Alleviating Energy Burden on Homeowners and Renters
Strategy 2: Develop Neighborhood Energy Liaisons
Local liaisons, equipped with energy knowledge, will play a crucial role in bridging the gap between
resources and residents. These trusted neighborhood figures will provide personalized guidance on
energy-saving practices and available support programs, focusing on equity and inclusion.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Call for community volunteers by the City. Community Engagement Commission (CEC), Environment
Commission, City of Falcon Heights
B) Provide Xcel Energy and supporting energy resources to the volunteers to share with their neighbors /
associations. Neighborhood Liaisons at CEC, Homeowner Associations, City of Falcon Heights, Partners in
Energy
C) Develop resources for volunteers to share with neighbors (e.g., template emails, National Night Out
activities, NextDoor posts, website content, etc.). Neighborhood Liaisons at CEC, City of Falcon Heights,
Partners in Energy, Falcon Heights GreenCorps Member
Communication: City of Falcon Heights website / newsletter, handouts, emails, social media
Timeline: 1–6 months No action has been taken on this.
Strategy 4: Promote Home Energy Squad Visits
An emphasis on free home energy audits will empower residents to identify inefficiencies in their
homes. Armed with this information, they will be able to take steps to reduce their energy consumption
and costs. They may also become more aware of available rebates and other incentives.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Promote home energy assessments Partners in Energy, City of Falcon Heights, Xcel Energy
B) Showcase residents who have had home energy assessments and made improvements in their home
as a result. City communications, Partners in Energy
Communication: Events, CEC, Environment Commission, NextDoor website or other websites
Timeline: 6-12 months Home Energy Squad has been heavily promoted and will continue to be. This has
been via the Sustainability Fair, weekly newsletter, and in person events. Testimonials from residents
have been featured online and in the weekly newsletter, but could be pushed for again.
Strategy 6: Highlight Energy Saving and Clean Energy Testimonials
Promoting positive experiences that residents have had with the home assessments and other energy
projects could increase their demand. The City of Falcon Heights will encourage residents to share their
testimonials and experiences publicly to inspire more residents and business owner to participate.
Actions:
Partnerships / Resources:
A) Showcase positive testimonials in the City’s newsletter, blog and articles in local media. Park Bugle,
Partners in Energy, City of Falcon Heights
B) Postcard mail out campaign of testimonials from residents to other residents, Partners in Energy, City
of Falcon Heights
C) Postcard mail out campaign of testimonials from business owners to other businesses. Partners in
Energy, City of Falcon Heights
D) Share testimonials at St Paul Chamber of Commerce meetings. Energy Action Team members, St Paul
Chamber of Commerce, Environment Commission
Communication: Post card mail outs, newsletters, emails, blogs, and presentation
Timeline: 6–12 months Testimonials from residents have been featured online and in the weekly
newsletter, but could be pushed for again. No mailing campaigns have been done and there has not
been any sharing at Chamber of Commerce meetings.
Focus Area 2: Enhancing Energy Efficiencies in Buildings
Strategy 1: Support Energy Improvements
To encourage landlords to invest in energy efficient upgrades, the City will tie energy improvements in
rental properties to deductions in rental license fees. This will make it financially beneficial for landlords
to improve living conditions for tenants.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Create and promote City incentives and/or recognition for energy efficient multi-family buildings. City
of Falcon Heights, Partners in Energy
B) Review and revise City code to remove barriers to more energy efficient multi-family buildings. City of
Falcon Heights, Planning Commission, Environment Commission, City Council
C) Support the adoption of standards requiring buildings larger than 5 units to periodically re-invest in
energy efficient improvements that have a reasonable payback period. City of Falcon Heights, City
Council
D) Support incentives for retrofits and redevelopment of existing multi-family buildings to improve
energy while respecting the historic integrity of buildings and communities. City of Falcon Heights, City
Council
Communication: City communications
Timeline: 12–24 months No action has been taken on this.
Strategy 3: Partner with the State Fair to Encourage Energy Projects
The annual State Fair can become a platform for promoting energy projects. Interactive exhibits and
demonstrations could showcase innovative energy solutions, inspiring residents and visitors alike to
adopt more sustainable practices.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Draft proposal to partner with State Fair to encourage joint energy projects. Minnesota State Fair,
City of Falcon Heights, Environment Commission
Communication: City communications
Timeline: 6-12 months No action has been taken on this.
Strategy 5: Form Climate Action Partnership with the University of Minnesota
Partnering with the University of Minnesota could reduce carbon emissions. The City will seek
collaboration with the University to reduce carbon in the atmosphere and add electric vehicle (EV)
chargers.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Draft a proposal for collaboration between the City Council and the University of Minnesota and find
a way forward. City Council, University of Minnesota, Energy Action Team
B) Advocate for increasing EV charging infrastructure on and off campus. University of Minnesota,
Partners in Energy, EV toolkit, City of Falcon Heights
C) Encourage charging infrastructure on new developments and retrofits, especially multifamily
buildings and businesses. Support the continued development of charging infrastructure for EVs.
University of Minnesota, Partners in Energy, EV toolkit, MF building owners/managers, City of Falcon
Heights, Environment Commission, Planning Commission
Communication: City communications to University of Minnesota
Timeline: 6-12 months No action has been taken on this.
Strategy 7: Reduce Costs of Home Energy Assessments for Residents
Create a program that would pay for residents to have complimentary or reduced cost home energy
assessment visits. The City could eliminate any financial objection for residents.
Actions: Partnerships / Resources:
A) Address economic barriers for residents who may be hard to reach or under-represented in the
community and increase home energy assessment visits by promoting free visits. Community
Engagement Commission (CEC), Environment Commission, City of Falcon Heights
Communication: City communications through CEC, City newsletter
Timeline: 6-12 months We do pay down the cost of Home Energy Assessments for residents in Falcon
Heights.
REQUEST FOR DISCUSSION
City of Falcon Heights, Minnesota
__________________________
Item Community Advisory Committee – Les Bolstad Golf Course Redevelopment
Description
The Community Advisory Committee (CAC) will serve as a voice for the community
and act in an advisory capacity to help shape the future redevelopment of the Les
Bolstad Golf Course. The CAC will be made up of local community members who
represent the diverse economic, ethnic, and social service interests of the City of
Falcon Heights and of adjacent cities. The committee does not have independent duties
or authority to take actions that will bind the City of Falcon Heights.
The group will be appointed by the Falcon Heights City Council and made up of nine
(9) voting members consisting of the following membership:
• One representative-at-large for Falcon Heights
• One representative from the Planning Commission
• One representative from the Environment Commission
• One representative from the Parks and Recreation Commission
• One representative from the Community Engagement Commission
• One representative from the Grove neighborhood
• One representative from Lauderdale (selected by the Lauderdale City Council)
• One representative from Roseville (selected by the Roseville City Council)
• One representative from St. Anthony Park (selected by the St. Anthony Park
Community Council – District 12)
Additionally, staff from the City of Falcon Heights will serve as liaison to the CAC, as
well as non-voting member participation from our consultants at Bolton & Menk, Barr
Engineering, and Braun Intertec. Representatives from the University of Minnesota and
the identified buyer will also have an active role in this process.
Meeting Information
• Monthly, the 3rd Wednesday of the month, at 6:30 PM, at Falcon Heights City
Hall (2077 Larpenteur Ave. W.)
• Anticipated first meeting date of Wednesday, April 15th.
• Anticipated duration of CAC is 18-24 months.
• Committee members are eligible for a stipend of $50.00 per meeting attended.
Meeting Date March 9, 2026
Agenda Item E-4
Attachment See below.
Submitted By Georgiana May, Council Liaison
Application Process
All representatives need to complete an application. The application will be open from
Monday, March 2, through midnight on Monday, March 16th.
Budget Impact N/A
Attachment(s) • Resolution 26-17 Establishing a Les Bolstad Golf Course Redevelopment
Community Advisory Committee
• Les Bolstad Golf Course Redevelopment – Community Advisory Committee
Application
Action(s)
Requested
No action needed.
CITY OF FALCON HEIGHTS
APPLICATION FOR
LES BOLSTAD GOLF COURSE REDEVELOPMENT
COMMUNITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE (CAC)
DATE:
NAME:
ADDRESS:
PHONE:
EMAIL ADDRESS:
1.How long have you been a resident of Falcon Heights?
2.Tell us why you wish to serve on the Community Advisory Committee (CAC).
3.Do you currently serve, or have served recently, on a Commission of Falcon Heights? If
so, please list those Commissions and approximate dates of service.
4.Please list any other prior public service.
5.List your work experiences, community involvement, education or other experiences which
you could bring to the CAC.
6.Have you served in a leadership role in Falcon Heights Commissions or government, or in
other neighborhood or work capacities? If so, please describe those here.
7.Can you commit to regular attendance of the monthly CAC meetings for 18-24 months?