HomeMy WebLinkAboutCCWkspAgen_09Feb4City of Falcon Heights 2077 W Larpenteur Avenue Falcon Heights MN 55113 CITY COUNCIL WORKSHOP AGENDA February 4, 2009 6:30 p.m. 1. Review of Revised Larpenteur Avenue Streetscape Proposal.
2. Boulevard Tree Maintenance Program (See attached items). ?????????
WKSP 1 2/4/09 TO: Mayor Lindstrom, Council members Harris, Kuettel, Long, and Mercer-Taylor FROM: Justin Miller, City Administrator Re: Revised Larpenteur Streetscape Design Proposals
Explanation: Over the past year, the City has been working with SRF Consulting to develop streetscape designs for Larpenteur Avenue. Initial work included soliciting input from the public
and an advisory committee, and in late 2008 the consultants presented their findings to the city council. Once the city council reviewed the entire plan, staff and the consultants were
directed to return with a focus on addressing key intersections along the corridor and median plantings. Attached to this report are estimates for these two items. Crosswalks (Figure
A): SRF has broken down cost estimates for each intersection along the Larpenteur corridor. If each intersection had the existing concrete removed and replaced with colored concrete,
it would cost an estimated $336,055. SRF investigated a less costly concrete staining product, but after discussions with Ramsey County staff it was determined that the application method
would not be allowed and would not be as cost-effective. The council could choose to do the work at each intersection or choose individual intersections at which to incorporate the colored
concrete. Median Plantings (Figure B): Estimates for planting trees and landscaping at each major median were also prepared by SRF. If each major intersection were selected, this portion
of the project would cost $417,208.20. This would include concrete removal, installation of trees and sod, and other landscaping features. Again, the city council could choose to target
these improvements at specific medians. Staff and SRF personnel will be on hand to answer any questions as well as present more detailed funding source information at the workshop on
Wednesday.
Figure: A CROSSWALKS Cost Breakdown UNIT UNIT PRICE EST. QUANTITY EST. AMOUNT Fulham (1) Sawing Concrete Pavement LF $2.00 80 $160.00 Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 1200 $3,600.00
Colored Concrete SF $12.00 1200 $14,400.00 Subtotal $18,160.00 Coffman Area (2) Sawing Concrete Pavement LF $2.00 160 $320.00 Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 1600 $4,800.00 Colored
Concrete SF $12.00 1600 $19,200.00 Subtotal $24,320.00 Cleveland (4) Sawing Concrete Pavement LF $2.00 300 $600.00 Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 4500 $13,500.00 Colored Concrete
(see note A) SF $12.00 4500 $54,000.00 Subtotal $68,100.00 Gortner (4) Sawing Concrete Pavement LF $2.00 260 $520.00 Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 2600 $7,800.00 Colored Concrete
(see note A) SF $12.00 2600 $31,200.00 Subtotal $39,520.00 Fairview (3) Sawing Concrete Pavement LF $2.00 225 $450.00 Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 3375 $10,125.00 Colored Concrete
(see note A) SF $12.00 3375 $40,500.00 Subtotal $51,075.00 Snelling (4) Sawing Concrete Pavement LF $2.00 400 $800.00 Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 6000 $18,000.00 Colored Concrete
(see note A) SF $12.00 6000 $72,000.00 Subtotal $90,800.00 Arona (4) Sawing Concrete Pavement LF $2.00 220 $440.00 Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 2200 $6,600.00 Colored Concrete (see
note A) SF $12.00 2200 $26,400.00 Subtotal $33,440.00 Hamline (1) Sawing Concrete Pavement LF $2.00 70 $140.00 Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 700 $2,100.00 Colored Concrete (see note
A) SF $12.00 700 $8,400.00 Subtotal Removals $10,640.00 Total Est. Amount $336,055.00 Total Sq.Ft. 22175 Note A: Colored concrete unit price assumes color added to full depth and pavement
thickness less than 7". Pavement thickness greated than 7" will be slightly more.
Figure B: MEDIAN Cost Breakdown UNIT UNIT PRICE EST. QUANTI TY EST. AMOUNT Fulham to Coffman Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 8120 $24,360.00 Colored Concrete SF $6.00 1330 $7,980.00
Streetscape Tree TREE $325.00 16 $5,200.00 Perennial planting (Native grasses and/or wildflowers) PLT $12.00 1500 $18,000.00 Sod Type Salt Resistant SY $3.00 104 $312.00 Landscape Edger
LF $4.45 40 $178.00 Select Topsoil Borrow CY $38.00 115 $4,370.00 Shredded Bark Mulch CY $25.00 15 $375.00 Subtotal $36,415.00 Coffman to Cleveland Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00
5150 $15,450.00 Colored Concrete SF $6.00 4600 $27,600.00 Streetscape Tree TREE $325.00 1 $325.00 Perennial planting (Native grasses and/or wildflowers) PLT $12.00 0 $0.00 Sod Type Salt
Resistant SY $3.00 55 $165.00 Landscape Edger LF $4.45 20 $89.00 Select Topsoil Borrow CY $38.00 6 $228.00 Shredded Bark Mulch CY $25.00 4.5 $112.50 Subtotal $43,969.50 Cleveland to
Gortner Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 6830 $20,490.00 Colored Concrete SF $6.00 2630 $15,780.00 Streetscape Tree TREE $325.00 2 $650.00 Perennial planting (Native grasses and/or
wildflowers) PLT $12.00 1875 $22,500.00 Sod Type Salt Resistant SY $3.00 88 $264.00 Landscape Edger LF $4.45 80 $356.00 Select Topsoil Borrow CY $38.00 17 $646.00 Shredded Bark Mulch
CY $25.00 7 $175.00 Subtotal $60,861.00 Gortner to Fairview Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 5220 $15,660.00 Colored Concrete SF $6.00 2320 $13,920.00 Streetscape Tree TREE $325.00
8 $2,600.00 Perennial planting (Native grasses and/or wildflowers) PLT $12.00 31 $372.00 Sod Type Salt Resistant SY $3.00 116 $348.00 Landscape Edger LF $4.45 40 $178.00 Select Topsoil
Borrow CY $38.00 14 $532.00 Shredded Bark Mulch CY $25.00 4 $100.00 Subtotal $33,710.00
Fairview to State Fair Entry Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 7870 $23,610.00 Colored Concrete SF $6.00 1670 $10,020.00 Streetscape Tree TREE $325.00 20 $6,500.00 Perennial planting
(Native grasses and/or wildflowers) PLT $12.00 1250 $15,000.00 Sod Type Salt Resistant SY $3.00 488 $1,464.00 Landscape Edger LF $4.45 30 $133.50 Select Topsoil Borrow CY $38.00 124
$4,712.00 Shredded Bark Mulch CY $25.00 23 $575.00 Subtotal $62,014.50 State Fair Entry to Arona Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 4750 $14,250.00 Colored Concrete SF $6.00 4750 $28,500.00
Streetscape Tree TREE $325.00 0 $0.00 Perennial planting (Native grasses and/or wildflowers) PLT $12.00 0 $0.00 Sod Type Salt Resistant SY $3.00 0 $0.00 Landscape Edger LF $4.45 0 $0.00
Select Topsoil Borrow CY $38.00 0 $0.00 Shredded Bark Mulch CY $25.00 0 $0.00 Subtotal $42,750.00 Snelling Medians (north and south of Larpenteur) Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 10320
$30,960.00 Colored Concrete SF $6.00 2800 $16,800.00 Streetscape Tree TREE $325.00 10 $3,250.00 3,250.00 Perennial planting (Native grasses and/or wildflowers) PLT $12.00 0 $0.00 Sod
Type Salt Resistant SY $3.00 782 $2,346.00 Landscape Edger LF $4.45 55 $244.75 Select Topsoil Borrow CY $38.00 86 $3,268.00 Shredded Bark Mulch CY $25.00 14.25 $356.25 Subtotal $57,225.00
Arona to Hamline Remove Concrete Pavement SF $3.00 9150 $27,450.00 Colored Concrete SF $6.00 8150 $48,900.00 Streetscape Tree TREE $325.00 3 $975.00 Perennial planting (Native grasses
and/or wildflowers) PLT $12.00 150 $1,800.00 Sod Type Salt Resistant SY $3.00 44 $132.00 Landscape Edger LF $4.45 16 $71.20 Select Topsoil Borrow CY $38.00 20 $760.00 Shredded Bark Mulch
CY $25.00 7 $175.00 Subtotal $80,263.20 Total Est. Amount $417,208.20
WKSP 2 2/4/09 TO: Mayor Lindstrom, Council members Harris, Kuettel, Long, and Mercer-Taylor FROM: Justin Miller, City Administrator Tim Pittman, Parks and Public Works Director Andy
Hovlund, City Forester Re: Boulevard Tree Maintenance Program One of the 2009 City Council goals is to explore a boulevard tree maintenance program. Current practice calls for the city
to install, at city expense, a boulevard tree on each residential property if one is requested. Likewise, if the tree is diseased or damaged during a storm, the city pays to remove and
replace it. Any maintenance outside of routine pruning is the responsibility of the homeowner. Periodically the city receives requests from homeowners who wish to chemically treat boulevard
trees to prevent diseases such as Dutch Elm disease or Oak Wilt. The city has usually agreed to these requests, pending a signed release from the homeowner which lets the homeowner know
that the city reserves the right to remove the tree if the city forester deems it to meet the disease criteria set forth by state statute. Our city forester recently contacted several
tree care companies about providing a citywide quote for treatment of boulevard trees for diseases that can be chemically treated. He received two responses, one from S&S Tree Specialist,
and the other from Rainbow Tree Care. Their quotes for elm treatments are below: S&S Tree Specialist $8.95/diameter inch Rainbow Tree Care Arbotech product $13/diamer inch Alamo product
$10.50/diameter inch Both of the companies above use different products with varying degrees of success. Instead of staff attempting to select the best product, we are recommending that
residents make their own decisions for what is best for their needs. The selected company could then bill either the city or resident, and the city would simply facilitate the process
by securing the lower bid price from the above companies. We would still require a signed release acknowledging that the city reserves the right to remove the tree if the city forester
determines it to be a hazard, and the city will not reimburse the
homeowner for any treatment costs incurred. Furthermore, staff is recommending that the city not invest any city funds into this project at this time due to budgetary constraints. Our
boulevard trees are a valuable asset to our community, and the city goes through great expense to provide this amenity. Further, they add value to our housing stock, so staff believes
it is appropriate for our homeowners to share in the costs of maintaining this asset. Staff and the city forester will be present at Wednesday’s workshop to better answer any questions.
Protection from with MACRO-INFUSION™ Arbotect® 20-S is a systemic fungicide used in the treatment of Dutch Elm Disease and Sycamore Anthracnose by trained arborists and others trained
in Macro-Infusion™ techniques. Macro-Infusion™ with Arbotect® 20-S for Dutch Elm Disease preventiion is 99.5% effective for 3 seasons. Recommended by most major university’s such as
the University of Minnesota, University of Michigan, Kansas State University, University of Wisconsin and other major universities. Backed by 20 years of field use and research Used
by leading arborist companies such as Davey Tree, Bartlett Tree Experts and The Care of Trees.
Technical Description pg.3 Symptoms and Diagnosis pg.5 Managing The Disease pg.6 Root Grafts pg.8 Protecting Elms with Arbotect®-20S General Information pg.9 Performing Macro-Infusion™
pg.10 Dosing Considerations pg.13 Macro-Infusion vs. Micro Injection pg.14 Saving Diseased Trees -Tracing pg.15 Protection from with MACRO-INFUSION™ Table of Contents
What is Dutch Elm Disease? Dutch Elm Disease is a fungus called Ophiostoma Novo-ulmi. This fungus grows only in elms. Most species of elms are susceptible including, American, Slippery
(red), English, European, and Winged. Less susceptible species include Siberian, Chinese, and Cedar elms. The disease is spread from infected trees to healthy trees most commonly on
the elm bark beetle Scolytus multistriatus. It can also pass from one tree to another through root grafts, a situation where a tree’s roots fuse underground with another tree of the
same species. Fungal Growth Inside The Elm The fungus that causes Dutch Elm Disease is not a blight or a wood decaying organism. Instead it lives inside the xylem of a susceptible elm.
Understanding the fungus growth pattern is important to knowing if a infected elm can be saved and understanding the process of tracing, a method where an arborist creates a physical
separation of the fungus from the elm. Beetle infections generally start in the 2 -4 year old twigs. This This is where the beetle feeds and mates. The fungus rubs off the beetle and
begins to grow in the tree. The fungus grows in a very predictable pattern. Usually it stays narrow in width and grows down the branch. It will enter the stem of the tree and grow in
this narrow line to the roots. Once the fungus enters the root flares, the fungus will grow sideways and back up the tree in many places. Tracing can save elms if the initial infection
is caught before entering the roots. A characteristic stain on the xylem of an elm infected with Dutch Elm Disease is caused by the tree producing gum like substances called tyloses
in an attempt to stop the spread of the disease. These tyloses actually are what cause the tree to wilt and die as they block the xylem and prevent water transport to the top of the
tree. So in effect the fungus stimulates the elm to kill itself. The fungus Ophiostoma Novo-ulmi causes Dutch Elm disease. It is in the same fungus family as bread mold Dutch Elm Disease
Technical Description Tracing can save elms if done in the initial stages of disease. Macro-Infusion of Arbotect® protects healthy Elms for 3 growing seasons and is 99.5% effective.
Photo courtesy of University of Minnesota
Dutch Elm Disease Technical Description The Beetle That Spreads Dutch Elm Disease An elm bark beetle's life revolves around elm trees. It breeds in dead and dying elms, and depends exclusively
on elm tissue for food, this creates a devastating cycle for elms, when the Dutch elm disease fungus Ophiostoma nova ulmi becomes part of the cycle. Thousands of eggs can be laid by
the adult females in one piece of wood the size of a fireplace log. If the tree died from Dutch Elm Disease every beetle that hatches and emerges as an adult from that wood may be carrying
the fungus. They will be looking for a healthy elm on which to feed and will inadvertently inoculate the tree with Dutch Elm Disease via the spores carried on their bodies. The majority
of new infections, and the bulk of the losses to Dutch Elm Disease, are due to this method of transmission. That is why prompt detection, removal, and destruction of dying elms is so
critically important. The Beetle Scolytus multistriatus spreads the disease from infected infected to healthy Elms. This wound on this small 4 year old twig was caused by a beetle that
introduced Dutch Elm disease to this tree. infected tree healthy tree Root grafts can also spread the disease from sick to neighboring healthy elms Root Graft Spread of Dutch Elm Disease
The other method of disease transmission between elms is through grafted roots. When elms are growing near each other their roots come in contact in the soil and graft together. In the
absence of a vascular wilt disease, such as Dutch Elm Disease, this is an advantage for the trees. The Dutch elm disease fungus however can pass from diseased to healthy trees through
these grafted roots and continue to spread indefinitely through a stand of elms. Photo courtesy of University of Minnesota Photo courtesy of University of Minnesota
Symptoms The first evidence of Dutch Elm Disease is wilting or "flagging" in one or more of the branches, usually starting in the outer portion of the crown. Leaves on the infected branches
turn dull green to yellow and curl, finally becoming dry, brittle, and brown. The symptoms progress down the limb and eventually throughout the entire tree. Trees infected through root
grafts can die very rapidly, while trees infected via the feeding of bark beetles can take 1 -3 years to die. Another symptom of the disease is the discoloration of the water conducting
vessels. This is easily seen by peeling the bark off infected wood, revealing the brownish staining. Diagnosis Understanding the Dutch elm fungus and how it grows makes diagnosing this
disease easier. A few key distinctions will help in accurately making sure that you are in fact dealing with this dreaded disease. 1. Leaves on infected trees are almost always curled
or wilted looking. They often drop off. Leaves that are flat and shiny are common in the late summer and are usually caused by branch senescence. 2. The disease symptoms progress as
the fungus grows in the tree. Thus, there is a pattern of leaf death outside the tree that reflects the fungus growth inside the tree. Remember that the initial infection grows downward
in a narrow band until it has reached the roots. It then spreads sideways and grows back up the rest of the tree. See the Technical Description of Dutch elm disease for more information.
3. Check under the bark close to where there are external leaf symptoms. Dutch Elm Disease always causes the water conducting vessels to turn a dark brown. Finding this discoloration
along with wilting leaves is a very good indicator that Dutch elm disease is present. Use a chisel and a hammer to open a hole in the bark to check for the discoloration 4. Trees in
the spring can die rapidly – causing the appearance that the disease is moving very quickly. What is happening in reality is the fungus was in the tree from last summer, the tree grew
new tissue over the top of the infected wood, and then the fungus colonized the newly formed wood causing rapid dieback. Infections that happen in the current year can be seen reflected
in leaf dieback as the fungus grows. 5. If you are unsure if your elm has Dutch Elm Disease– you can take samples and send them to a lab for confirmation. See sending samples to a lab
for diagnosis. Dutch Elm Disease Symptoms & Diagnosis Foliar symptoms of Dutch Elm Disease The fungus grows downward to the roots. After reaching the root area, it spreads sideways and
moves back up the tree. Another symptom is discolored brown to black wood under the bark. Healthy elm wood is white.
Dutch Elm Disease is difficult to control and without management it will wipe out a large population of elms in just a few years. However, with a properly implemented program, the devastating
effects of the disease can be greatly reduced. An effective program includes four parts: prompt detection and removal of diseased elms, disruption of root graft transmission, saving
diseased elms with tracing, and protection of valuable elms through proper Macro-infusion procedures. Scouting for Dutch Elm Disease (DED) Scouting for Dutch Elm Disease and identifying
diseased elms is the first step of any DED program. Scouting also involves checking people’s yards and garages for elm wood. Scouts will usually move through an area every 2-4 weeks
during the growing season to make sure dying trees are identified and properly dealt with. Removing Diseased Elms Promptly removing and disposing of elms dying from Dutch Elm Disease
is the key to effectively managing Dutch Elm Disease on a community wide basis. It involves identifying diseased elms that cannot be saved by tracing and immediate removal of these trees.
This will reduce the number of disease carrying beetles. A single dead elm can produce tens of thousands of contaminated beetles. Without such a program, a substantial majority of a
community's elm population will die within a few years. Removed elms need to either have their bark removed, or be chipped, burned, or buried. Storage of diseased elm wood must not be
anywhere near valuable elm populations. Dutch Elm Disease Managing the Disease Before -A beautiful property before Dutch elm disease After -The same property after the devastation of
Dutch elm disease. Scouting is the first step of any Dutch elm control program Photo courtesy of City of Evanston
Root Graft Disruption Severing grafted root systems between diseased and healthy elms can save many trees. This is most reliably accomplished mechanically with either a trencher or vibratory
plow. In areas where there are utilities an air spade can be used to open a trench so that root grafts can be cut without damaging the utility lines. Remove the diseased elm only after
common roots have been disrupted. Accordingly, prompt disease detection as well as installing root graft barrier trenches is very important to the overall success of an integrated control
program. See section on root graft disruption. Saving Infected Elms with Tracing Tracing is a method of saving recently infected elms. It is far more cost effective than removing and
replacing an elm. By utilizing this procedure, a city can save many thousands of dollars. Since the fungus that causes Dutch Elm Diseas grows very predictably in a narrow band downward
and only in the current years water conducting vessels – this methodology is easy to learn learn and incorporate. See section on saving diseased elms with tracing. Protecting Valuable
Individual Trees There have been 100’s of proposed "cures" or protection products for Dutch Elm Disease over the years, but only one treatment has been proven to work through replicated
University trials -macro-Infusion with Arbotect 20-S. Arbotect gives greater than 99% success over 3 years when applied properly. Arbotect does not work if the tree already is infected
with Dutch elm disease or the disease fungus enters the tree through root grafts. Dutch Elm Disease Managing the Disease Root grafts must be physically severed to prevent spread of Dutch
elm from tree to tree through the roots. Macro-infusion of Arbotect protects elms for 3 growing seasons from Dutch Elm Disease and is 99.5% effective. infected tree healthy tree Trees
of the same species form root grafts when growing close to each other. Before -This tree was traced and saved After -This is the same tree 6 years later. Alive and doing well. Photo
courtesy of University of Minnesota
When elms are growing near each other their roots come in contact with one another in the soil and graft together. In the absence of Dutch Elm Disease this is an advantage for the trees.
The Dutch Elm Disease fungus, however, can pass from diseased to healthy trees through these grafted roots and continue to spread indefinitely through a stand of elms. Physical Breaking
of Roots The only way to stop the spread of Dutch elm disease through root grafts is by physically breaking the root connections between the infected tree and the healthy tree. This
is most often accomplished with trenchers or vibratory plows. In situations where there are buried utilities, an Air SpadeTM or AirKnifeTM can be used to remove the soil and expose the
root grafts without damaging the utility lines. Trenches should be at least 3’ deep in clay soils and 5’ in sandy soils, although it is always best to go as deep as your equipment allows.
. Install Trenches Midway Between Infected and Healthy Tree Trenches are typically installed midway between the infected tree and the healthy tree, although this can be adjusted in either
direction depending on how far the infection has spread. It is important to know where the fungus is located in the diseased tree before the trench is installed. If the disease stain
is already at ground level in the infected tree it is impossible to determine how far it has traveled through the root system toward the healthy tree, so a second trench may be necessary.
This trench would isolate the healthy appearing tree from any others that might be root grafted to it. Sever the Root Grafts Before Removing the Infected Tree It is important to sever
the root grafts before removing the diseased tree. Because each tree is transpiring, removal of the diseased tree must allow the healthy tree to pull all of the moisture and fungal inoculum
out of the other tree’s root system quickly. An airspade can be used to remove soil and expose root grafts in situations where utilities are present. Root grafts must be physically broken
to prevent Dutch Elm Disease from growing into a healthy elm from a diseased elm. Elms that grow close to each other (Canopies touching) are often root grafted. To ensure that all roots
are severed, the trench should be 3 to 5 feet deep depending on soil type healthy tree infected tree Root grafts must be severed to prevent disease transmission from infected to healthy
trees.Dutch Elm Disease Root Grafts
Macro-Infusion can be done after the leaves are fully formed on the tree and until the tree begins to show fall coloration. Treatment must be done into the root flares to get even coverage.
Do not infuse into the trunk – this will result in poor distribution. Arbotect Lasts 3 growing seasons Arbotect is a systemic fungicide that is highly resistant to degradation and moves
into new sapwood in sufficient quantity to protect trees for 3 growing seasons. The Purpose Is Complete Distribution The purpose of preventive macro-infusion with Arbotect is to provide
even and complete distribution of the fungicide throughout the 2-4 year old twigs where the beetles feed. How Long It Takes The average uptake for 20-60 gallons of fungicide solution
is 30-60 minutes if the protocol is followed closely. Trees should be treated after the leaves have fully enlarged or after the seeds have dropped, and the treatments can be administered
until there is fall color present in the canopy. Arbotect Limitations Diseased elms should should NOT be treated with Arbotect. Rainbow’s experience is that Arbotect will mask the symptoms
of the disease for 1-3 seasons before the tree dies. If your elm is already infected with Dutch elm disease, tracing may be a method that can be used to save the tree. Arbotect does
not prevent infections that grow through root grafts, so in situations where this is a concern, install a trench and wait until the following season to make sure the tree is healthy
before protecting with Arbotect. As a preventive treatment this process gives highly predictable results. Macro-infusion of Arbotect protects Elms for 3 growing seasons from Dutch Elm
Disease. Rainbow Treecare has had a 99.5% success rate on a group of about 6000 trees under protection over a 3 year period. Do not infuse symptomatic elms or elms that will become infected
through root grafts.The process will not be effective. The purpose of macro infusion is to evenly and completely cover the entire internal crown of the tree with enough Arbotect to keep
the disease out. Dutch Elm Disease Macro-Infusion™ General Information
Dutch Elm Disease Performing Macro-Infusion™ The Purpose Of Macro-Infusion The purpose of Macro-Infusion is the complete and even coverage of the 2 -4 year old branches so that if a
beetle comes to feed, the disease cannot enter the tree. Infusing into the root flares is critical to the success of even and complete distribution. The tissue in the root flares allows
for lateral movement of the chemical as it is infused. Trunk tissue on the other hand is hard and rigid. It is highly compartmentalized. Infusion into trunk tissue will provide very
limited lateral movement of the Arbotect solution and will result in small portions of the crown receiving a large dose of Arbotect with other areas receiving nothing. The Process Step
1 -Inspect the tree Make sure the elm you are treating is not diseased. Fully scan the crown to make sure there are no symptoms. If the tree is diseased -DO NOT TREAT. Use the tracing
process to isolate any disease that might be present. Measure the tree and determine your dosage. Elms require 12 oz of Arbotect per 5" DBH. (Diameter breast height). Each ounce of Arbotect
is diluted in 2 gallon of water. You can find a copy of the DOSAGE TABLE by clicking on the link. Large trees could require increased amounts of chemical to achieve complete distribution.
Small elms, or trees with portions of the crown missing may require a reduced dose. See Dosing Considerations for more information. Determine how much root flare excavation is needed.
Look for root rot or significant decay in the root collar area -if present do not treat. Elms infected with Dutch elm disease should not be treated Significant canopy die back or stress
may compromise uptake time and distribution and be a sign of a serious problem slowly killing the tree Step 2 -Excavate the root flares (if necessary) Use a shovel and trowel to remove
sod and soil without damage to the tree Thoroughly brush soil from root flares with a hand broom Infusion sites should be 8-10 inches below the top of the root flare Soil left on the
root flare flare can dull the bit and plug the xylem. If sod is carefully removed it can facilitate fast cleanup. Every aspect of macro infusion is designed to get even and complete
crown coverage of the Arbotect solution. Equipment need to perform Macro-Infusion on elms. Remove all soil from root flares with a brush. Drilling into a dirty flare will dull your bit
and push dirt into the hole – slowing down the uptake. Infusing into the root flares
is critical to achieve even and complete distribution of the Arbotect solution throughout the crown of the tree.
Step 3 -Drilling the holes Use a sharp, high helix drill bit (change every 5 trees) Drill perpendicular to the surface of the flare Drill one inch past the bark Drill at slow speeds
and do not excessively spin the bit in the hole Use 1 to 1-1/2 infusion sites (in the root flare) per diameter inch (measured at breast height) Place at least one infusion site on each
root flare Do not place infusion sites into or below dead tissue Do not drill into deep valleys or sunken areas Begin filling the reservoir with water while drilling the holes Step 4
-Inserting the tees The current year xylem are the only vessels that will take up the solution. Make sure your tee is properly positioned to deliver the Arbotect there. Check each tee
to be sure it is not plugged and replace any that are badly damaged Firmly insert tees by hand and very lightly tap each tee to set it Attach tubing from solution reservoir to feed into
the harness in 2 locations. These 2 sites should be on opposite sides of tree Plugged tees will prevent that portion of the xylem from receiving chemical The only vascular tissue that
conducts water is the current year's xylem Step 5 -Starting the Infusion Pull out 2 tees on opposite sides of the tree Prime the pump (if it is not self-priming) Turn on the pump and
bleed the air out of the line With all air out of harness, re-insert the 2 tees and check for leaks Adjust the pressure to15-20 psi Lightly tap any leaking tees Increasing the pressure
will not make the infusion go faster If a tee persists in leaking, drill a new hole. Use a very small hammer to tap leaking tees -this helps prevent driving them in too far Dutch Elm
Disease Performing Macro-Infusion™ Insert infusion tees and hook up tubing harness to pump. Make sure the Macro -Infusion tee is delivering solution to the current year’s xylem. This
is the only water conducting tissue that will take up solution. Use a sharp HIGH HELIX drill bit for fastest uptake. Replace drill bit every 5 trees. Drill a series of small one inch
deep holes around the tree at the root flares.
Macro-Infusion uptake should take less than 1 hour – 90% of the time. Call Rainbow for technical support if uptake is consistently longer than this. Be careful about water source. Treat
water with muriatic acid if pH is high. Avoid hard water or run through a deionizer. Arbotect will precipitate out of solution in hard and high pH water Step 6 -Mixing the Chemical Do
not mix the chemical into the reservoir until the system is running and free of leaks Arbotect will form a white precipitate in water that is hard or has high pH. Mix a small amount
of Arbotect and water in a clear measuring cup • If the solution stays clear add the appropriate dose to the reservoir • If a white precipitate forms and falls to the bottom of the cup,
the water needs to be treated • Add muriatic acid to the reservoir at 1 oz. per 6 gallons of water • Add the Arbotect and watch for white precipitation • If no precipitate forms, continue
with the infusion • If the precipitate forms again, continue to add muriatic acid at the rate listed above until the Arbotect stays in solution • Passing water through a deionizing tank
also prevents Arbotect precipitation problems Muriatic acid is available at hardware or building supply stores. For infusions that require a larger volume of solution than the reservoir
holds, use 5 gallon buckets to measure the remaining dose and add to the reservoir. White air bubbles may be seen floating in the reservoir if air gets into the lines. Do not confuse
this with when Arbotect precipitate falls out of solution to the bottom of the reservoir. Step 7 -During the Infusion Monitor tees for leaks Maintain pressure at 15-20 psi Pack other
equipment such as drill, unused chemical, etc. Prepare other trees on site for treatment Step 8 -Cleanup Turn off pump when air is drawn into the harness Remove tees from the tree Replace
soil and sod around base of tree Do not plug the infusion holes with wax, wooden plugs, or any other substance Rainbow Treecare uses 30 gallon trash cans for the solution reservoir and
packs all equipment in these when the infusion is over Dutch Elm Disease Performing Macro-Infusion™ Macro infusion is 99.5% successful in protecting elms for 3 years when performed properly.
Dosing Considerations When Preforming Macro-Infusions The purpose of macro-infusion is to provide enough chemical so that it is evenly distributed throughout the entire crown of the
tree. If the dose is too high there may be a phytotoxic reaction, and if the dose is too low infections may occur. Dosage is determined by measuring the diameter of the trunk at breast
height (DBH). Trunk diameter alone, however, does not always reflect the proper dose because it may not reflect canopy development. Very few trees are open-grown in the urban setting.
Their canopy development has been influenced by the proximity of buildings, other trees, power line clearance, etc. Our experience in treating trees over the past 20 years has taught
us that proper dosing is an art as well as a science, and it is a key to predictable results. How to Dose Trees 1. Use the label rate for trees between 22" – 28" DBH with average size
crown and no major limbs missing. For smaller trees, reduce the dose by 3% for every inch below 20" DBH. DBH. 2. For trees with significant canopy losses, it is necessary to reduce the
dose accordingly. For example, if 15% of the canopy was lost due to storm damage, reduce the dose by 15%. 3. Large trees (above 28" DBH) require a higher dose to achieve the best results.
Increasing the dose above the label rate, however, is not legal and we do not recommend you break the law. Rainbow Treecare is conducting research to determine optimal doses for larger
trees and will use these results to make appropriate label changes. The procedure we will test for large trees, consists of making reductions to the canopy, as described above, and increasing
the dose by 3% for every inch of diameter above 28" DBH. Symptoms of Overdose Overdoses tend to occur on smaller trees, and the effects are temporary for the tree. When overdosed, leaves
tend to turn a gray brown color and may curl or remain flat. Affected leaves may drop from the tree. Symptoms tend to develop in the lower canopy, and often on suckers of elm trees.
Damaged trees may refoliate later in the season or bounce back the following spring. Slippery elms (Ulmus rubra) Reduce the dose to one-half of the label rate. A full dose may give phytotoxicity.
Dutch Elm Disease Dosing Considerations Example #1 A 25" DBH elm with approximately 30% missing crown from pruning and storm damage: Step 1 -Label rate = 12 oz per 5" DBH = 25"/5" x
12oz = 60oz Step 2 -Estimate of missing crown = Subtract 30% Total dose = 60oz – 30% (18oz) = 42oz Arbotect Example #2 A 17" DBH elm with a full crown Step 1 -Label rate = 12oz per 5"
DBH = 17"/5" x 12oz = 41oz Subtract 3% per inch under 20" = sub ~ 9% Step 2 -Estimate of missing crown = Minus ~ 0% Total dose = 41 oz -9% (4 oz) = 37oz
Complete Crown Coverage with Macro-Infusion Macro-Infusion is a large volume application of fungicide/water solution. Research shows that fungicides need a high volumes of a carrier
to get complete distribution throughtout trees. Complete Distribution Requires Root Flare Application The science of infusing materials into trees has evolved. The purpose of any infusion
is even and complete distribution of the material in the tree. This is difficult to accomplished with trunk injection. Trunk tissue is hard and compartmentalized preventing lateral chemical
movement. Root flare injection allows lateral movement of material and complete crown coverage. The Difference between Insecticides and Fungicides There is a substantial difference in
the mode of action between an insecticide and a fungicide. Insecticides work in small quantities and their mode of action is to kill the intended target, thus micro injection of insecticides
can be effective. Many fungicides are really fungistatic in nature, this means they do not kill the fungus – but merely prevent it from growing. Once the fungistat chemical is gone –
the fungus will continue to grow again. Fungistatic materials need to be administered in much higher volumes, this is why Macro-Infusion protocols are designed to deliver large quanities
of fungistatic solution to get significant amounts of product into the crown of the tree. . Macro-Infusion™ Advantage Chemical Carrier Years Between Treatment Tree Injury Volume of Material
Distribution in Tree Application Time Injectio Wounding Size Alcohol/Xylene 1 year High 1-2 ounces Minimal 30 to 40 minutes 11/64” * Water 3 years Low 20 -40 gallons Complete 40 -90
minutes 15/64” *Some micro-injectors use smaller holes Fungicide Macro-Infusion vs Micro-Injection Macro-Infusion Micro-Injection Proven Fungicides Macro-Infusion™ of Arbotect and Alamo
is the treatment method recommended by universities for Oak Wilt and Dutch Elm Disease. This includes: Texas A&M Texas Forest Service University of Minnesota Michigan State
Macro Infusion Does NOT work on Diseased Elms Our company has never had success saving a symptomatic elm infected with Dutch elm disease using Macro-Infusion. What typically happens
when a diseased tree is treated with Macro-Infusion is the symptoms of the disease become masked and the tree then dies in 2 -3 years. We have had tremendous success utilizing a process
we developed called tracing. The 4 Distinctions you Need To Know to Successfully Save Infected Elms In recent years developments have accured which make saving infected elms a possibility.
It is now possible to save elms that are infected into the trunk using a process that physically isolates the Dutch elm disease fungus. To understand this process you need to become
familiar with 4 key distinctions. Distinction 1 – How the Fungus Grows The Dutch Elm Disease fungus starts in the 2-4 year old twigs. It grows down the branch in a narrow band until
it reaches the root system. Once in the root flares, the fungus can move laterally and spread rapidly rapidly throughout the tree. For Tracing to work, the fungus must not have entered
the root flares. Dutch Elm Disease Saving Diseased Trees-Tracing Tracing can save elms diseased into the trunk. This wound on this small 4 year old twig was caused by a beetle that introduced
Dutch Elm Disease to this tree. The fungus grows down the tree in a narrow band until it reaches the roots.
Distinction 2 The Fungus Growth Is Predictable The Dutch Elm Disease fungus is highly compartmentalized by the tree and grows in a very limited fashion. It can only grow in the current
year’s water conducting tissue, and has very limited lateral movement because the cell walls in the trunk and branches are very rigid. Thus, the fungus can be easily isolated from the
rest of the elm by making some narrow and shallow cuts. Distinction 3 The Fungus Can Only Grow Straight Down From A Branch Into The Trunk Branch vascular tissue is only connected at
its base to the trunk vascular tissue. This knowledge adds more predictability for the arborist practitioner on where the fungus is growing and where to look to begin the tracing process.
Distinction 4 The Stain is Produced By The Tree – Not The Fungus The stain found under the bark is actually produced by the tree in response to the fungus and serves as your guide for
the tracing process. It takes time for the stain to form and thus is not exactly representative of how far the fungus has grown down the tree. As a general rule, the stain will be 5
feet or so behind the fungus, thus the Arborist practitioner needs to continue the tracing process an additional 10 feet past the stain to ensure the fungus has been isolated. Tools
Needed The tools needed include a small chain saw, a hammer, and a large flat headed screw driver. As well as the equipment to get up in the tree safely. The Process of Tracing (PDF)–
A detailed description of how to save elms with tracing. Dutch Elm Disease Saving Diseased Trees-Tracing The fungus only grows in the current year’s xylem. By making some narrow and
shallow cuts, the fungus can be isolated. Dutch Elm Disease Fungus Inner Bark Inner Bark The branch vascular tissue is only connected to trunk vascular tissue at its base. The stain
under the bark is actually produced by the tree in response to the fungus. The fungus itself is growing ahead of the stain.
Scientific Advancements 2239 Edgewood Ave. S St. Louis Park, MN 55426 1-877-ARBORIST 1-612-922-3810 Protocol: Protecting Healthy Elms From Dutch Elm Disease For Three Seasons Using Arbotect
20-S Protocol Information: Predictable Results – This Process has been effectively used since 1980 on tens of thousands of elms. Rainbow Treecare has a 99.5% success rate in a three
year injection cycle with a group of over 5500 elms. Untreated elms in the surrounding areas are lost at rates between 7.5% -30% of the population. Results show a high degree of predictability.
Research – Completed at the University of Minnesota in 1979. Dr. David French and Mark Stennes 1987. Distribution and Retention of Thiabendazole Hypophosphate and Carbendazin Phosphate
Injected into Mature American Elms. Phytopathology77:707-712. G. N. Lanier1987. Fungicides for Dutch elm disease: Comparative evaluation of commercial products. Journal of Aboriculture
13:189-195 Best Candidates for Treatment – High value American elms with no symptoms of Dutch elm disease and no root grafts to diseased trees. Good candidates are also free of root
or crown rot diseases. Treatment Method – Arbotect 20-S is macro-injected into the root flares of the tree with about 15-PSI pressure. Average uptake of material will be between ten
minutes to one and a half hours after hook up. Occasionally a tree may take up to three hours or longer. Fastest uptake occurs on sunny mornings with a light breeze. The objective of
this injection technique is to ensure the complete and even distribution of the chemical throughout the crown, enhancing the efficacy of the treatment. (For more information, please
refer to the information sheet “How to Inject Trees Using Systemic Fungicides”). A three-year interval between treatments is important to minimize wounding in trees undergoing long term
protection. Dosing Considerations – Reduce label dosage for elms under 18” diameter or elms with reduced crown size. (See Rainbow information sheet “Dosing Considerations when Performing
Macro Injection”) Timing – Treat only after the leaves have reached full size and then throughout the summer. Do not treat if the tree has begun fall coloration. Delay treating trees
with insect caused defoliation until the trees re-leaf. Treating Elms Root Grafted to Other Diseased Elms – It is imperative to prune all disease out of the elm before treating. If the
disease has progressed into the trunk, use the tracing method outlined in Rainbow information sheet “Tracing: A Physical Control for Dutch Elm Disease”. If the disease has grown into
the root system, do not treat and remove the tree. Side Effects – Injection wounds are one inch deep and 15/64” wide. Most elms compartmentalize well except those with root or crown
rot diseases. In a small percentage of treated trees, some leaves in lower branches and suckers turn bronze and defoliate. Damage is usually temporary and the tree will re-leaf in a
short time.
City of Falcon Heights 2008 Year End Review-Forestry Trees Removed Public Diseased Grove Park 18" elm behind playset 1597 Snelling Ave West 5" elm 1492 California 60" elm 2153 Hoyt-responsibility
of U of M 30" elm Gen. Decline 1547 Idaho Avenue 27" green ash 1423 Idaho 8" sugar maple 1724 W. Albert-severe decline and dieback exhibited 7" sugar maple 1525 Idaho-severe trunk decay
in larger tree, hazardous 25" sugar maple 1477 Califronia-tree in severe decline, leaning, suspect girdling roots 9" linden 1942 Summer-severe storm damage 21" red maple 1503 Hoyt-inspected
for EAB, none detected 13" green ash 1872 Asbury-storm damaged/split during storm 14" green ash 1427 Iowa-poor specimen, low vigor 3 " black ash Declining sugar maples to remove and
replace in spring 1379 Idaho, 1403 Iowa, 1406 Idaho, 1395 Idaho PrivateDiseased 2154 Folwell 22" elm resolved 1830 Larpenteur 18, 13" elms-U of M resolved 5, 14" elms resolved 1717 Larpenteur-Falcon
Arms Apartmnts 9", diseased stump sprouts resolved 1857 Fairview 7, 6, and 4" elms Falcon Heights Apartments 18" elm resolved 2280 Folwell 7" elm 1402 Idaho (along alleyway) 3" elm resolved
1436 Roselawn 27" elm resolved 1395 Califronia (along alleyway) 3" elm resolved Insect 1596 Vincent-declining white oak 2-line chestnut borer (suspected) Decline/Hazard consulted with
resident 1771 Arona Street storm damaged black walnut resolved-applied to res propr taxes Suspected DED Trees-Monitor in Spring and make determininations 1841 Pascal 2111 Hoyt 1564 Burton
1364 California 1665 Garden Avenue-U of M responsible? Shared?
Trees Pruned Public Grove Park-major deadwood in cottonwood over play structure 1495 W. California-honey locust 1390 Idaho-sugar maple storm damage/dieback 1386 Idaho-storm damage in
elm 1434 Iowa -storm damage in green ash 1427 California-storm damage in green ash 1380 California-dead section in linden 1376 Califronia-storm damage in elm 1489 Hoyt-storm damage in
linden 1881 Holton-honey locust 1596 Vincent-hackberry, improved sightlines from driveway Hazardous Trees on Private Property-Letters Sent out requesting action 1712 Tatum-storm damaged
elm, suggest cleanup action taken 1864 Asbury-split ash tree, suggest removal action taken 1688 Arona-green ash storm damage, suggest pruning 1852 Holton-storm damaged limb in green
ash, suggest pruning Trees Planted 1942 Summer Sugar Maple 1984 Autumn Nortwoods Red Maple 1790 Pascal Valley Forge Elm 1547 Idaho Red Maple 1433 Idaho Japanese Tree Lilac 1423 Idaho
Autumn Spire Red Maple 2123 Hoyt Valley Forge Elm, tree planted last year but in severe decline planting planting contractor removed old tree 1427 California Bur oak 1427 Iowa Sugar
Maple