HomeMy WebLinkAboutCCWkspAgenda 6-29-2011Falcon Heights City Council Workshop
City Hall
2077 W Larpenteur Ave.
6:30 p.m.
AGENDA
Wednesday, June 29, 2011
1) 2011 -2012 City Council Goals Discussion
2) Domestic Partner Ordinance
If you have a disability and need accommodation in order to attend this
meeting, please notify City Hall 48 hours in advance between the hours of
8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. at 651- 792 -7600. We will be happy to help.
The City That Soars!
REQUEST FOR COUNCIL ACTION
Meeting Date
June 29, 2011
Agenda Item
Workshop 1
Attachment
2010 -11 City Council Goals
Submitted By
Justin Miller, City Administrator
Item
2011 -12 City Council Goals Discussion
Description
Each year, usually during June or July, the Falcon Heights City Council establishes
their goals for the upcoming year. This process is done during the summer so that
staff can incorporate any financial needs associated with those goals into the
preliminary levy, which must be set by September 15th of each year.
Attached to this report are the 2010 -11 goals as well as an update on their status.
Budget Impact
Dependent on goals identified by the city council
Attachment(s)
2010 -11 City Council Goals
Action(s)
Staff will collect suggestions by the city council and present them for formal
Requested
approval at the July 13th city council meeting.
Families, Fields and Fair
City of Falcon Heights
2010 -11 Goals
Purpose: To sustain this community as a great place to live, work and visit.
Goal 1: To protect the public health and safety
Strategy 1: Provide public safety services to citizens.
Action Items
Status
Red =not compete, Blue =in progress,
Green =com leted or ongoing
Provide a responsive, visible, police service utilizing
2009 report can be found here:
community oriented policing model
htt2:Harchivexi.falcon-
heights.m.us/archive main/SAPD AnnualRe ort2009. df
Provide a responsive, well- trained fire service
Each firefighter averages 100 hours training
per year
Practice the emergency management plan
Council /CERT exercise held 2/3/11
Continue to offer training to prepare volunteers to
CERT classes held on March 24th
assist with disaster response
Refresher courses scheduled for fall 2010
Maintain Community Emergency Response Teams
Grant money secured to conduct CERT
CERT throughout the city
classes through 2013
Work with other cities, agencies and institutions in
Emergency Manager participates in monthly
Ramsey County to practice and implement a county-
county -wide meetings, exercises
wide emergency management inventory and plan
Continue to use St. Paul for ambulance service
Ongoing
Participate in the North Suburban Haz Mat Team
Ongoing
Develop a bicycle safety program
Held May 7, 2011
Conduct proactive neighborhood crime prevention
Crime prevention meetings held during
meetings as needed, including outreach to Falcon
October at Falcon Heights Town Square and
Heights Elementary, group homes and senior housing
Senior Apartments
buildings.
Promote services provided by SAPD such as premise
Ongoing
checks, vacation checks and car seat
Car seat installation clinic held May 7, 2011
safety/ installations
Monitor and evaluate rental licensing program
28 licenses issued in 2009
33 licenses issued in 2010
2011 inspections in process
Adopt dangerous dog ordinance and response plan
Ordinance approved 9/22/10
Strategy 2: Participate in initiatives designed to prevent crime and the need for emergency
responses.
Last Update 5/26/2011
Action Items
Status
Promptly remove graffiti from public buildings and
Six reported cases as of 4/1/11
provide removal materials for city businesses
Removed within five days
Expand opportunities for using technology to improve
Implemented Nixle notification system
crime watch notification
in 2009
Communicate regularly with residents about Homeland
Seven crime alerts distributed between
Security and the emergency management plan
7/1/10 - 5/20/11
Support the work of the Neighborhood Commission and
Ongoing recruitment of commission
Neighborhood Liaisons
members needed
Use traffic - calming tools including the speed monitoring
Five deployments as of 12/16/10
trailer and warning signs
Will deploy spring 2011
Take steps to prevent hate crimes through the activities of
No reported cases in 2010
the Human Rights Commission
Strategy 3: Participate in early intervention programs with juveniles.
Action Items
Status
Support Northwest Youth and Family Services (NYFS)
Annual contribution (per joint powers
agreement) budgeted
Continue referrals to NYFS through facilitating
connections between NYFS and SAPD
Ongoing
Strategy 4: Protect the public health
Action Item
Status
Participate in Ramsey County public health emergency
Volunteer requests sent to CERT team
exercises
members as needed
Publicize mosquito control measures, including free tire pick-
Will include in summer publications
up by Metropolitan Mosquito Patrol, utilizing city council
meetings and other publication methods.
Continue education about preparing for pandemic flu in this
More educational materials need to
community
be distributed
Distribute free gun locks
Supply of 75 gunlocks delivered to
city hall in April 2010 - all have been
distributed
Goal 2: To sustain and promote the assets of the ci , 's unique neighborhoods and tax base
including commercial, residential and open space uses for present and future
generations.
Strategy 1: Maintain and enhance the neighborhood and community parks with updated facilities,
recreation and communi services
Action Items I Status
Last Update 5/26/2011
Maintain community landscaping and investigate
Project completed
additional options, with an emphasis on native plant
Continue to review and communicate city code
requirements to business and commercial property owners
varieties
Maintain the desirability of neighborhoods through
education and code enforcement
Maintain a sound maintenance program for public
Ongoing
facilities
Communicate community standards through photos and
code information on the website
Focus on the quality, appearance, and longevity of public
Ongoing
improvements
maintenance and expansion
Research opportunities for enhancing recreational
Ongoing
resources at Falcon Heights Elementary School
Support and continue to promote an Adopt -A -Park
Curtiss Field and Grove Park clean up
program
programs occurred in October
Implement the Parks and Recreation Master Plan
Plan sections need to be assembled into
master document
Strategy 2: Work with businesses and homeowners to maintain a functional and desirable business
and residential environment.
Action Items
Status
Continue to review and communicate city code
requirements to business and commercial property owners
Materials in newsletters and Falcon
Flyer
Maintain the desirability of neighborhoods through
education and code enforcement
Ongoing
Use non-profit organizations such as NYFS
Ongoing
Communicate community standards through photos and
code information on the website
Ongoing
Publicize Falcon Heights businesses when appropriate
On oin
Strategy 3: Maintain the City's infrastructure.
Action Items
Status
Maintain and increase the pathways
Fairview Trail on schedule for 2011
construction
Maintain the sanitary sewers and storm sewers
Complete sanitary system cleaned in 2010
Storm inlets repaired as needed
Continue with a boulevard tree program for replacement,
55 ash trees removed in 2010
maintenance and expansion
Replacement trees planted
38 ash trees removed in 2011
Replacement trees will be planting in
May 2011
Publicize the resources available through the Housing
Ongoing
Resource Center
Maintain streets and alleys in accordance with the
Streets east of Snelling sealcoated during
Pavement Management Plan
summer 2010
Last Update 5/26/2011
Strategy 4: Protect and enhance the physical land use characteristics of the community.
Action Items
Sponsor buckthorn removal day with University Grove
4000 pounds of buckthorn removed in
neighborhood and Lauderdale
October in Grove Park and Trolley Path
9/8/10
area
Review urban forestry programs in response to threats
Plan reviewed by city council - no
such as Emerald Ash Borer and continue to seek creative
changes recommended
financing options to maximize city and resident resources
government decisions do not negatively impact the City's
Approach the University of Minnesota about providing
Initial meeting held with experiment
pedestrian opportunities for residents through research
station staff - no desire at this time to
fields.
extend trails through fields
Strategy 4: Protect and enhance the physical land use characteristics of the community.
Action Items
Status
Regularly review and update zoning code as necessary
Zoning code updated by city council
As needed
9/8/10
Participate in planning discussions, and get the required
As needed
planning expertise if needed to assure that University of
Offer local businesses opportunities to be included in
Minnesota and State Fair land uses and future inter -
new resident welcome packets and community activities
government decisions do not negatively impact the City's
Support redevelopment projects to allow for maximizing
neighborhoods
property tax generating opportunities
Expand the use of the GIS system for land use planning
P &Z Director attends trainings and
and maintaining information on the city's land use and
monthly user group meetings, keeps
facilities
data current with county sources and
participates in Metro GIS efforts. City
supports free on -line mapping service
for residents.
Support environmental education programs and activities
GreenStep Cities in progress, received
report from U of MN Law Students on
Municipal Renewable Energy Financing
Options
Strategy 5: Pursue community and economic development opportunities and business retention
activities.
Action Items
Status
Be well informed with the necessary planning,
As needed
engineering, financial and legal expertise when making
land use decisions
Offer local businesses opportunities to be included in
Annual park and recreation solicitation
new resident welcome packets and community activities
mailed out
Support redevelopment projects to allow for maximizing
Approved redevelopment of Cornerstone
property tax generating opportunities
Construction site into apartments, no
activity et
Last Update 5/26/2011
SPIRE Credit Union/ dental company CUP
approved
Strategy 6: Expand pedestrian and bicycle opportunities.
Action Items
Status
Be an active partner in the Active Living Ramsey County!
ALRC initiative
Ongoing
Complete North Suburban Connector trail project
Fairview Trail on schedule for 2011
construction
Participate in the 1000 Benches of Ramsey County
program
Will be part of Fairview Trail /Larpenteur
Streetsca e projects
Complete Lar enteur Avenue Streetsca e project
Project completed
Strategy 7: Promote the unique assets of Falcon Heights.
Action Items
Status
Distribute the "Fun Facts About Falcon Heights Flyer"
Not yet completed
Develop city publications in alternate languages
Grant received to complete in 2011
Promote the unique resources of the University of
Minnesota St. Paul Campus
Ongoing
Goal 3: To expand opportunities for the interaction and involvement of citizens of all ages in
their neighborhoods and community.
Strategy 1: Promote and participate in youth development.
Action Items
Status
Continue the Junior Leaders program
Six Junior Leaders hired in 2011
Include youth as commission members by contacting
Youth currently on human rights and
RAMS and RAHS
environment commissions
Include youth in city meetings, trainin s and courses
Ongoing
Informally interact with youth when the opportunity
Ongoing
arises
Speak about local government at schools or youth related
4f Grade class held at city hall - Mayor
functions
Lindstrom spoke about diversity in the
city
Recognize youth achievement at City Council meetings,
Two youth recognized in March with
in the newsletter, and through the Neil Kwong Youth
Neal Kwong Award
Citizenship Awards, and the North Suburban Gavel
Association
Promote awareness of the Cable Commission
Presentation made at winter city council
scholarships and internships
meeting
Last Update 5/26/2011
Encourage student participation in City Council Meetings
Youth who attend, such as scouts, are
asked to introduce themselves
Participate in the Kids Voting Program at precincts one
Both precincts held Kids Voting during
and two through the Roseville Rotary Club
general election
Conduct a council meeting with students
41h Grade class held at city hall - Mayor
Held 8/21/10
Lindstrom spoke about diversity in the
Ongoing
city
Strategy 2: Host community/ nei hborhood events and activities
Action Items
Status
Sponsor Annual Ice Cream Social
Held 7/29/10
Sponsor Winterfest
Held 1/30/11
Sponsor the Falcon Heights/ Lauderdale 5K Fun Run
Held 8/21/10
Encourage neighborhood gatherings
Ongoing
Support the Neighborhood Block Parties and Night to
Unite activities
Night to Unite held August 3rd
Support the Fire Department/ Public Safety Open House
Held 10/2/10
Encourage volunteers to be involved in community
planning activities
Effort begun to find Garden Club
volunteers
Hold an annual food drive in conjunction with Falcon
Heights Elementary School and other community
partners
Annual event, also sponsoring "Adopt -
A- Crop" campaign
Review and explore existing and additional city
sponsored events
Movie in the Park planned for July 13
Review city ordinance prohibiting retail activity in city
arks
Workshop held March 2, 2011 to discuss
- no changes recommended
Strategy 3: Explore, create and provide an arra of recreation programming.
Action Item
Status
Provide recreation programming for all age groups
408 participants in 2009
502 participants in 2010
Provide referrals for alternate programming
Ongoing
Manage recreation programming on a seasonal basis
Ongoing
Provide space for and promote the Falconeers Senior
program
Meet twice monthly in city council
chambers
Promote recreation scholarships and the Friends of the
Park program
Ten scholarships given in 2010
Four given through 5/20/11
Investigate "'splash ad" concept at Community Park
Not yet completed
Sup ort and publicize cross country skiing opportunities
U of MN Nordic Ski Club grooming trails
Last Update 5/26/2011
at Les Bolstad Golf Course
Strategy 4: Encourage citizens to participate in city government.
Action Items
Status
Promote resident participation
Ongoing
Promote, recruit, and publicize citizen participation in
city council meetings, city commissions and task forces
Ongoing - members needed for
neighborhood commission
Develop volunteer programs to supplement city services
Effort begun to find Garden Club
volunteers
Strategy 5: Build stronger community and neighborhood connections.
Action Items
Status
Distribute the "Welcome to Falcon Heights" booklet
New booklets given to apartment
Support the work of the Falcon Heights Human Rights
Commission
complexes
Support and promote the Neighborhood Liaison
Ongoing
Program
Use conflict resolution resources for neighbors to use in
No referrals as of 5/20/11
resolving nei hborhood conflicts
Produce three newsletters per year
Spring newsletter mailed in March 2011
Distribute monthly Falcon Flyer and post to city website
Suspended due to delivery cost issues
Support and ex and the city's website
Ongoing
Promote and support the AARP Tax Assistance Program
192 returns prepared by AARP
volunteers
Continue implementation of "Aging -In- Place" in the
Ongoing
City, including promotion of services such as NYFS
senior chore program, meals on wheels, and block nurse
programs.
Strategy 6: Maintain and promote our commitment to human rights and diversity.
Action Items
Status
Promote diversity on our commissions
Ongoing
Support the work of the Falcon Heights Human Rights
Commission
Ongoing
Promote outreach to the community's youth in relation
to human rights topics
"Spring Together" event held 5/5/11
Goal 4: To provide a responsive and effective city government.
Strategy 1: Communicate promptly and clearly with citizens, business owners and institutional
representatives by anticipating information needs and quickly responding to questions.
Action Items Status
Last Update 5/26/2011
Provide a photo of new staff members and a description
of jobs in the newsletter
New employee's photos and bios in city
newsletters
Publish a summary of the goals in the City's newsletter
and on the website
Dashboard (this document) to be
published on website
Educate residents about the property tax
Completed during budget process
Hold a budget hearing annually
Held December 8, 2010
Develop dashboard/ monitoring rocess for city goals
Completed
Strategy 2: Maintain collaborative relationships with other entities.
Action Items
Status
Participate in the U of M Campus/ Community Advisory
Mayor and city administrator attend
Committee and on the Stadium Area Advisory Group
quarterly meetings
Maintain regular communication with the University of
Ongoing
Minnesota, the Metropolitan Council, Ramsey County,
the Minnesota State Fair, the Capital Region Watershed
District, Rice Creek Watershed District, the cities
Ongoing
surrounding Falcon Heights, and the State of Minnesota
Turnover remains low - one departure in
Convey city goals to the City's representatives at the
Mailed April 2010
legislature, the Metropolitan Council and the County, as
Salaries in line with 90% of average policy
well as to neighboring communities
Met Council presentation at future council meeting
Scheduled for June 8, 2011
Participate in Northwest Youth and Family Service,
Ongoing
North Suburban Communications Commission and
CTV15, the Ramsey County League of Local
Governments, and the Regional Council of Mayors
Encourage Council members and staff to participate in
Ongoing
service and professional organizations
Strategy 3: Effectively manage the City's cons Iting and personnel resources.
Action Items
Status
Evaluate the performance and work assignments of City
Performance reviews conducted in
employees through annual performance reviews
December
Provide employees with affordable resources they
Ongoing
require to efficiently and effectively do their jobs,
including a training plan and technology resources
Evaluate and review consultants' performances and fees
Ongoing
Retain highly skilled and high- functioning employees
Turnover remains low - one departure in
2009/2010
Provide salaries and benefits that are competitive with
Salaries in line with 90% of average policy
cities of a similar size, scale, and scope
Last Update 5/26/2011
Strategy 4: Effectively manage the cit 's financial resources.
Action Items
Status
Update and provide a well- researched five year capital
Approved as part of 2011 budget process
improvement program
Review and adjust fees and policies as part of the annual
Approved as part of 2011 budget process
budgeting rocess
Requests made routinely, quarterly
Research and pursue new revenue sources, including
2010 grants applied for - Two CERT
rants
grants (both awarded
Pursue conduit bonding opportunities
Ongoing - one possible option being
Develop and expand use of social networking sites such
investigated by bond attorney
Review and evaluate the City's long term financial needs
Included as part of 2011 budget process
and the City's current and future financial resources to
meet these needs
Continue to research and pursue new opportunities for
Ongoing
reducing expenses by using more contracts and joint
powers agreements to share equipment, personnel, and
technology with other levels of government
Maintain a contingency fund to be prepared for
Fund balance at end of 2010
unexpected, but necessary, expenditures
approximately 80% of 2010 expenditures,
which is adequate
Continue to meet the standards for the GFOA Award for
Received 2009 award
Excellence in Financial Reporting
201h consecutive year
Evaluate all city services in regards to costs, benefits, and
Ongoing
opportunities to find efficiencies by partnering with
adjacent cities or organizations
Strategy 5: Develop and expand an e -mail capability to communicate with residents
Action Items
Status
Solicit e -mail addresses through the Falcon Flyer and
368 email addresses in system
newsletter, at the front desk, on the City website, and at
community events
Solicit new resident e -mail addresses
Requests made routinely, quarterly
drawing conducted for prize
Provide critical information in a timely manner utilizing
16 alerts sent through 5/20/11
city's list sery
Develop and expand use of social networking sites such
234 Twitter followers, 175 Tweets as of
as Twitter and Facebook
4/1/11
Strategy 6: Expand the capability to conduct any city -to- resident transaction online
Goal 5: Provide for a clean, healthy, sustainable environment.
Last Update 5/26/2011
Strategy 1: Undertake efforts to maximize recycling.
Action Items
Status
Research an incentive program to encourage recycling
Environment Commission exploring
options
Conduct rain barrel workshop for city residents
Held May 21, 2011
Conduct city-wide energy fair
Held during Ice Cream Social
Complete recycling contract negotiations
Contract approved 9/22/10
Strategy 2: Consider environmental benefits in city purchasing
Action Items
Status
Consider environmentally - friendly options in city
vehicles and public works
Policy approved 2/23/11 by city council
Change to energy-efficient, compact light bulbs
City Hall retrofit completed October 2010
Pursue bulk purchasing program for environmentally
friendly products (i.e. solar water heaters, water saver
toilets
Not yet completed
Strategy 3: Continue support of Community Garden.
Action Items
Status
Continue publicity in newsletter, on website, and in
the Falcon Flyer
All 29 plots occupied by residents, waiting
list of at least 20 people
Strategy 4: Create an inventory of greenhouse/ global warming emissions.
Action Items
Status
Conduct comprehensive review of the city's carbon
Completed 2009
output, including identifying steps to reduce the
overall carbon footprint of the city.
Implement GreenStep Cities program
Resolution adopted 1/12/11
Implementation in process - ten of twelve
best practices completed
Last Update 5/26/2011 10
The City That Soars!
REQUEST FOR COUNCIL ACTION
Meeting Date
June 29, 2011
Agenda Item
Workshop 2
Attachment
Outfront Minnesota Info Sheet
Human Rights Commission
Recommendations
Submitted By
Michelle Tesser, Assistant to the City
Administrator
Item
Domestic Partner Registration Ordinance
Description
The Human Rights Commission was approached in January by Outfront Minnesota
to discuss the possibility of implementing a domestic partner ordinance in the city.
Domestic partner registration ordinances allow a couple, whether same -sex or
different -sex, to register as domestic partners for a nominal fee and receive a
certificate that verifies their registration. This type of ordinance exists in
Minneapolis (1991), Duluth and St. Paul (2009), and Edina, Rochester, Maplewood,
Golden Valley (2010) and Richfield (2011).
At the January workshop, the council directed the Human Rights Commission to
further investigate how to best implement a domestic partner registration ordinance
in Falcon Heights. Phil Duran, the Legal Director of Outfront Minnesota, presented
information on the historical path cities have taken when determining whether to
adopt a domestic partner ordinance. With help from Mr. Duran many questions
from the commission were answered. The commission agreed to recommend
adopting the ordinance to the council. In their preparation of the recommendation,
the commission prepared provisions to the ordinance in an eleven -part tabulation
attached hereto.
Budget Impact
Minimal impacted based on number of applications received.
Attachment(s)
Domestic Partner Information Sheet from Outfront Minnesota
Human Rights Commission Recommendations
Action(s)
No action requested at this time. If desired, staff will take direction from the city
Requested
council and work with the city attorney in preparing a draft ordinance.
Families, Fields and Fair
What are municipal domestic - partner registration ordinances?
In 1991, the City of Minneapolis created Minnesota's first municipal domestic -
partner registration ordinance. Since then, other cities have followed suit: Duluth
(2009), St. Paul (2009), Edina (2010), and Rochester (2010). These ordinances
allow a couple, whether same -sex or different -sex, to register as domestic
partners for a nominal fee (usually $20 -$25) and receive a certificate that verifies
their registration.
Municipal domestic - partner registrations serve purposes beyond
symbolism.
Undeniably, under Minnesota law, local governments are very restricted in terms
of the rights or privileges they could attach to a domestic - partner registration. In
particular, local governments in Minnesota may not offer their employees'
domestic partners health coverage akin to that provided to employees' spouses.
(Other employment benefits, e.g., bereavement leave, maybe offered.) A
registration ordinance provides unmarried couples who attest that they satisfy the
City's definition of a "domestic partnership" the ability to secure government
documentation that a relationship exists. That documentation function
strengthens couples' ability to secure benefits or protections from businesses,
hospitals, or other entities which can rely on a registration certificate for their
paperwork needs.
Municipal domestic - partner registration ordinances impose no costs on
local businesses.
None of the domestic - partner ordinances passed in Minnesota requires any
private business or other entity to pay to provide financial benefits of any kind to
couples who register. Much of the conversation about domestic partnerships
relates to health benefits; under Federal law, in most cases no city or state can
require that private employers provide any particular health benefits to their
employees. A domestic - partner registration ordinance, however, can make it
easier for those businesses who would like to provide these or other benefits but
who don't want to create their own, internal registration processes.
Passing a municipal domestic - partner registration ordinance imposes
no costs on a City itself.
The cost of preparing forms for couples to use for registration is more than offset
by the registration fee couples are charged. Passing a domestic - partner
registration ordinance does not require a City to provide any particular benefits to
its employees' domestic partners, though naturally a City may choose to do so,
other than dependent health coverage.
Municipal domestic - partner registration ordinances can help attract
businesses and residents.
There is no evidence that in twenty years' experience, businesses or residents
have left, or declined to move to, Minneapolis due to its domestic - partner
registration ordinance. In OutFront Minnesota's experience, local leaders
express support for such ordinances because they believe they enhance their
city's reputation as welcoming to all families and communities, and that this is
conducive to welcoming new businesses and residents.
Municipal domestic - partner registries do not affect places of worship.
A municipal domestic - partner registration ordinance is entirely a function of civil
government and has no effect on places of worship. Should a place of worship
choose to conduct a ceremony for domestic partners, they are of course free and
welcome to do so, but no government entity may require that a place of worship
recognize or act on a domestic - partner registration.
Municipal domestic - partner registries do not violate state law.
While Minnesota law currently restricts marriage to different -sex couples, state
law also allows local governments to register domestic partners. Each of the
domestic - partner registration ordinances in Minnesota provides for recognition of
registrations from other cities, as well as domestic partnerships, civil unions, and
even marriages from other jurisdictions — as municipal domestic partnerships,
and nothing more. Domestic - partnership registration ordinances do not create or
limit rights or obligations in such areas as inheritance, adoption, child custody,
separation, or related areas governed solely by State law.
Falcon Heights Domestic Partner Registration
Recommendations by the Human Rights Commission
Issues presented by Phil Duran, OutFront Minnesota
ISSUES
RECOMMENDATIONS
1.
Whether to charge a fee for registration
$40.00
and how much
Portion of fee to go to Human Rights
Commission activities
2.
Whether DPs would be required to give
Termination forms will be available but
notice of terminating their relationship
not required. Cost $20.00
3.
Whether to require residency
Residency required by at least one person
4.
Whether to require that DPs share a
No
residence
5.
Whether to recognize registration from
Yes
other cities
6.
Whether to require notarization of
Yes
application
7.
Whether to require citizenship
No
8.
Whether to establish an age requirement
18 years and older
9.
What the status of data associated with
Seeking attorney's recommendation
the application would be (privacy issue
10. Whether the registry would be open to
Open to both
both same- and different -sex couples
11. Whether multiple partners would be
No multiple partners
acceptable, e.g., in keeping with Somali,
Hmong practice