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44 ELECTRIC PERSPECTIVES | www.electricperspectives.com <br />management practices in its <br />high-voltage rights-of-way corri- <br />dors to minimize clear-cut mow- <br />ing and to encourage native plant <br />communities that are compatible <br />with safe and reliable operation of <br />the electric system. <br />The “ground-up approach” <br />that Pacific Gas and Electric <br />Company (PG&E) is taking in <br />the West begins with partnering <br />with researchers and non-profits <br />focused on pollinator conservation <br />to understand how the utility’s use <br />of integrated vegetation man- <br />agement (IVM) techniques may <br />benefit pollinators. The flagship <br />research project in this collabora- <br />tion is the American River Park- <br />way Pollinator Project—the first <br />long-term comparative monitoring <br />field study in the western region <br />to examine pollinator communi- <br />ties on actively managed electric <br />utility rights-of-way. Research <br />Sand County Partnership <br />The Sand County Foundation is a non-profit conservation organization dedicated to working with private landowners across North America to <br />advance ethical and scientifically sound land management practices that benefit the environment. The foundation has strong relationships with <br />all aspects of the agricultural sector and extensive experience with voluntary efforts on species conservation. <br />While rail, utility, and highway infrastructure is sometimes criticized for fragmenting forests and other natural habitats, the foundation believes <br />that utility and transportation rights-of-way eventually could serve as a network of effective and efficient conservation reserves. Those rights- <br />of-way currently total approximately 9 million acres of electric power transmission lines, 12 million miles of pipeline, and 14 0,000 miles of <br />railroad—or nearly one-third the area of the National Park system. <br />The foundation assembles partnerships that bring together easement holders, private agricultural landowners, science and conservation groups, <br />and state and federal agencies. The intent is to build a network of habitat patches that, taken together, can help to reinforce the globally unique <br />eastern monarch butterfly migration corridor. For more information, visit www.sandcounty.net. <br />environmental stewardship <br />shows that rights-of-way managed <br />using IVM techniques designed <br />to control non-native invasive <br />plants and to favor creation of <br />low-growing native plant com- <br />munities resulted in an almost <br />threefold increase in bee abun- <br />dance and a twofold increase in <br />bee species richness. PG&E also <br />has provided research funding <br />to Sonoma State University to <br />understand the potential benefits <br />of implementing IVM in an oak <br />woodland plant community. <br />“While this research does not <br />specifically focus on monarchs, <br />it is providing valuable infor- <br />mation about the potential pol- <br />linator habitat benefits created <br />by following utility vegetation <br />management best practices,” said <br />Peter Beesley, vegetation pro- <br />gram manager for PG&E. “The <br />low-growing, stable native plant <br />communities that rights-of-way <br />managers desire to support public <br />safety and reliability goals are <br />also proving to benefit pollinators. <br />Accordingly, we’ve established <br />a target of 50,000 acres being <br />managed in a pollinator-friendly <br />management regime by 2020.” <br />“We have a huge agricultural <br />customer base in California. Our <br />research results are showing that <br />PG&E can help connect agricultural <br />depend on <br />insect pollinators <br />for reproduction <br />of <br />native vegetation <br />70% <br />of <br />our food crops <br />30% <br />“There is a lot of national focus <br />on utility rights-of-way as being <br />ideal for restoring habitat for <br />monarchs and other pollina- <br />tors,” said Sage Tauber, senior <br />siting and land rights agent for <br />Xcel, who is spearheading the <br />initiative. “Habitat restoration <br />is compatible with our priorities <br />of safety and reliability, and can <br />even result in cost savings due <br />to reduced maintenance asso- <br />ciated with native plant spe- <br />cies that attract pollinators.” <br />The National Wildlife Federation <br />recently recognized Baltimore Gas <br />& Electric (BGE) for six Certified <br />Wildlife Habitats® within company- <br />managed rights-of-way. Those hab- <br />itats are part of the Million Polli- <br />nator Garden Challenge, a national <br />effort to restore critical habitat for <br />pollinators, including the monarch. <br />The sites are part of BGE’s efforts to <br />implement integrated vegetation