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public attending the meeting or watching it on television or online. The cycle then <br />repeats — for the worse. <br />Elected officials’ lack of civility impedes g overnance in many ways, such as stalling the <br />decisionmaking process, under mining employee retention and recr uitment, fueling <br />political apathy and discouraging public par ticipation. Over time, the standard set for <br />acceptable behavior becomes increasingly lower. <br />Although cities periodically conduct ethics training for officials as required by state <br />law (AB 1234, Chapter 700, Statutes of 2005), most don’t take the time to discuss <br />how they g over n. This is puzzling because local gover nment can be seen as the <br />ultimate team spor t, where ever yone must play their roles well for civic prog ress to <br />occur. <br />Fostering Focused and Productive Dialogue <br />How often do councils and senior staff take time to discuss what is working and what <br />can be improved in the ways they interact and car r y out their duties? What <br />benchmarks do they use to measure their behavior? Most importantly, how do they <br />hold themselves and each other accountable? <br />Many cities have adopted codes of ethics for their org anizations and/or city councils, <br />which is positive and appropriate. Some are taking the additional step of defining how <br />the elected leaders and staff are to behave in carr ying out their duties. These policies <br />are typically called codes of conduct or council guidelines or nor ms. In such policies, <br />the local g overnment leadership sets the r ules and expectations for how they g overn <br />their cities — defining a civil and respectful gover ning culture consistent with best <br />practices.