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Ramsey County | Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan 14 2.2.1 GEOGRAPHY Ramsey County is largely characterized by gently rolling terrain typical of the central lowland region, with areas of flat plains and gradual elevation changes. • Elevation: The elevation in Ramsey County ranges from around 690 feet above sea level near the Mississippi River to approximately 1,100 feet in some of the county’s highest points. • Highest Point: The highest natural point in Ramsey County is located near Indian Mounds Park in Saint Paul, offering scenic views of the Mississippi River Valley. • River Valleys: The Mississippi River Valley provides some of the most dramatic changes in elevation in the county. Bluffs and steep slopes are found along the riverbanks, particularly in the western portion of the county. 2.2.2 HYDROLOGY Despite being an urban county, Ramsey County has numerous water features that play an important role in its geography and landscape, with approximately 10% of the county’s total area being surface water. • Groundwater: Groundwater is the water found beneath the earth's surface, stored in and moving through small spaces within soil, rocks, and geologic formations. In Ramsey County, a section of a large geologic basin, made up of several aquifer units, lies underground and supplies much of the water used for daily needs. Wells are used to extract groundwater from these aquifers, which is then utilized for drinking, heating and cooling, irrigation, manufacturing, and other purposes. Groundwater quality is influenced by its natural properties and any contaminants introduced into the aquifers, either naturally or through human activity. Approximately 15-20% of Ramsey County residents rely exclusively on groundwater for their drinking water. • Rivers: o The Mississippi River forms part of the western boundary and is the most significant water feature. Historically, it has been a key transportation route and continues to play a major role in commerce and recreation. o The Minnesota River joins the Mississippi just south of Ramsey County. • Lakes: There are over 80 lakes in Ramsey County. Prominent lakes include: o Lake Phalen: One of the largest lakes in the county and a popular recreational destination. o Como Lake: Located in Saint Paul’s Como Park, this is an urban lake with surrounding parkland. o White Bear Lake: Part of this large lake lies within Ramsey County, although most of it is in neighboring Washington County. It is a recreational hub and supports suburban communities.