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TABLE OF CONTENTS <br />Paae No. <br />1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 <br />2.0 PURPOSE OF STUDY AND METHODOLOGY 1 <br />3.0 SELECTED RESEARCH FINDINGS 2 <br />3.1 Expert Opinions 3 <br />3.2 Billboards: a Source of Driver Distraction? 4 <br />3.3 "Dynamic" Billboards: an Additional Source of 6 <br />Driver Distraction? <br />3.3.1 Other Information 9 <br />3.4 How Much Distraction Is a Problem? 10 <br />3.5 How Does `Brightness" Affect Driver Distraction? 15 <br />3.6 Billboard and Other Signage Regulation: a 16 <br />Minnesota Perspective <br />3.7 Billboard and Other Signage Regulation: Other 16 <br />Perspectives <br />4.0 SUGGESTED REGULATORY APPROACH 19 <br />4.1 Definitions 19 <br />4.2 Types of Regulatory Measures 19 <br />4.2.1 Complete or Partial Prohibition of Electronic Signs 19 <br />4.2.2 Size Limitations on Electronic Signs 20 <br />4.2.3 Rate -of- Change Limitations on Electronic Signs 20 <br />4.2.4 Motion, Animation, or Video Limitations on Electronic Signs 21 <br />4.2.5 Sign Placement and Spacing 22 <br />4.2.6 Text Size 22 <br />4.2.7 Brightness Limitations on Electronic Signs 23 <br />4.3 Public Review 24 <br />5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 25 <br />Appendix A — Current Sign Technologies <br />Appendix B — Outdoor Advertising Sign Brightness Definitions <br />Appendix C — Electronic Outdoor Advertising Device Visual Performance Definitions <br />)512 <br />