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TABLE OF CONTENTS <br />Page No. <br />1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 <br />2.0 PURPOSE OF STUDY AND METHODOLOGY .................................................... 1 <br />3.0 SELECTED RESEARCH FINDINGS ...................................................................... 2 <br />3.1 Expert Opinions ............................................................................................. 3 <br />3.2 Billboards: a Source of Driver Distraction? ................................................... 4 <br />3.3 "Dynamic" Billboards: an Additional Source of .......................................... 6 <br /> Driver Distraction? <br /> 3.3.1 Other Information .............................................................................. 9 <br />3.4 How Much Distraction Is a Problem? ............................................................ 10 <br />3.5 How Does "Brightness" Affect Driver Distraction? ...................................... 15 <br />3.6 Billboard and Other Signage Regulation: a .................................................. 16 <br /> Minnesota Perspective <br />3.7 Billboard and Other Signage Regulation: Other ........................................... 16 <br /> Perspectives <br />4.0 SUGGESTED REGULATORY APPROACH .......................................................... 19 <br />4.1 Definitions ...................................................................................................... 19 <br />4.2 Types of Regulatory Measures ...................................................................... 19 <br /> 4.2.1 Complete or Partial Prohibition of Electronic Signs .......................... 19 <br /> 4.2.2 Size Limitations on Electronic Signs ................................................. 20 <br /> 4.2.3 Rate-of-Change Limitations on Electronic Signs .............................. 20 <br /> 4.2.4 Motion, Animation, or Video Limitations on Electronic Signs......... 21 <br /> 4.2.5 Sign Placement and Spacing .............................................................. 22 <br /> 4.2.6 Text Size ............................................................................................ 22 <br /> 4.2.7 Brightness Limitations on Electronic Signs ....................................... 23 <br />4.3 Public Review ................................................................................................ 24 <br />5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................... 25 <br />Appendix A -Current Sign Technologies <br />Appendix B -Outdoor Advertising Sign Brightness Definitions <br />Appendix C -Electronic Outdoor Advertising Device Visual Performance Definitions <br />~2 <br />