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backfill, and the soil ball of balled plants, is more <br /> important than fertilization immediately following planting. <br /> However, adequate quantities of the essential nutrient <br /> elements should be available after new growth starts. <br /> 4 . Insect and Disease Control <br /> a. Measures for the control of insects and diseases shall be <br /> taken as shown necessary by frequent and thorough <br /> inspections. Plants in a weakened condition following <br /> transplanting are often more susceptible to insects, <br /> especially borers, and some diseases than are vigorously <br /> growing trees. Where it is necessary to spray, insecticides <br /> or fungicides shall be used that are recommended for safe and <br /> effective control. <br /> 5. Pruning <br /> a. Pruning practices to be followed the first few years <br /> following planting shall consist of removing dead, broken, or <br /> injured branches, the suppression of rank, uneven growth, and <br /> usually the removal of water sprouts. Feather growth shall <br /> be removed as it reaches pencil size in diameter. <br /> b. Pruning shall be practiced subsequent to transplanting <br /> and as necessary thereafter to assure sturdy crotch <br /> development. <br /> C. Tree heads should be raised as growth characteristics and <br /> location dictates. Newly planted trees need not have lower <br /> branches removed until they are well established. <br /> Eventually, trees should have the lower branches removed to a <br /> height of at least seven (7) feet, unless in areas where <br /> lower branches do not impede traffic. <br /> E. General Maintenance <br /> 1. Pruning and Removal <br /> a. No topping or dehorning of trees shall be permitted. <br /> b. All large, established trees shall be pruned to <br /> sufficient height to allow free passage of pedestrians and <br /> vehicular traffic: ten (10) feet over sidewalks and twelve <br /> (12) feet over all streets except those that are subject to <br /> track traffic which shall have a clearance of sixteen (16 <br /> feet. <br /> C. It shall be the policy of the Municipal Arborist to <br /> cooperate with the Municipal or Utility Lighting Engineer, <br /> and vice-versa, in the placement and height of lighting <br /> standards and the development of a system of tree pruning to <br /> give effective street illumination. <br /> d. All cuts shall be made with a saw or pruner and only at <br /> the nodes or crotches. All pruning cuts shall be done <br /> according to the National Target Pruning techniques. Whereby <br /> a branch collar is left intact on the tree after cut out. No <br /> spurs or climbing irons shall be used in the trees, except <br /> when trees are to be removed. <br /> e. All dead, crossed, and rubbing branches shall be removed. <br /> f. All wounds over two (2) inches in diameter may be treated <br /> with a suitable tree would dressing. Except where a disease <br /> exhibits that would make it necessary. Such trees shall be <br />