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Feasibility Study <br />Water Treatment Plant <br />City of Lino Lakes, MN <br />WSB Project No. 015822-000 Page 2 <br />1. INTRODUCTION <br />1.1 Purpose of Study <br />WSB was authorized to complete this Water Treatment Plant Feasibility Study for the City of Lino <br />Lakes. The Minnesota Department of Health recently tested the City’s manganese levels in each <br />of the City’s wells as part of the EPA Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 4 (UCMR4). The <br />water quality testing data from MDH indicates that five of the City’s six wells exceed the maximum <br />recommended manganese level for infants, and three of the wells exceeds the maximum <br />recommend level for adults and children. The purpose of this feasibility study was to evaluate <br />alternative water supply options to address the high manganese levels in the City’s drinking water <br />to provide acceptable water quality that meets current and proposed drinking water standards. <br />These options include drilling new wells, purchasing treated water from another community or <br />water system, and implementing treatment. <br />The option to implement treatment was the primary focus of this study. Based on the City’s water <br />demand projections, initial and future plant capacities were determined for treating the City’s <br />central well field and future wells. A property located near the intersection of Birch Street and 12th <br />Avenue South was evaluated as a potential site for a water treatment facility. <br />Water samples were obtained and analyze for other health related compounds that are currently <br />being monitored by MDH to plan for additional treatment beyond manganese, iron, and ammonia <br />if needed. Based on all of the water quality data obtained from each of the City’s wells, WSB <br />reviewed the available treatment technologies and recommended the most feasible option to treat <br />the City’s water. A preliminary conceptual site plan was developed and used to determine the <br />acreage needed for the plant. <br />After determining the plant size, recommended location, conceptual site plan layout, and acreage <br />needed, cost estimates were developed for the proposed water treatment plant. Included in <br />these cost estimates are the raw watermains from the wells located in the central well field and <br />the treated water distribution mains for the recommended site. An approximate water rate <br />increase, funding options, and final recommendations for the proposed water treatment facility <br />are also presented in this report. <br />1.2 Manganese Health Effects <br />Manganese is a common, naturally-occurring mineral found in rocks, soil, groundwater, and <br />surface water. Manganese is a natural component of most foods. Manganese is an essential <br />nutrient and eating a small amount of it each day is important to stay healthy. The majority of <br />manganese exposure in the general population comes from the food. Grains, beans, nuts and <br />teas are rich in manganese and it is also found in infant formula. A normal, balanced diet typically <br />provides adequate manganese intake. The principal source of exposure to manganese is from <br />food, but in situations where manganese levels in drinking water are elevated, the contribution <br />from drinking water can increase the overall intake of manganese. Adults and children get <br />enough manganese from the foods we eat. For example, EPA’s drinking water health advisory for <br />manganese states: <br /> food at 3.5 to 7 mg manganese/day is the greatest source of manganese exposure to the <br />general population, <br /> an average intake from Western and vegetarian diets is 0.7 to 10.9 mg manganese/day, <br /> an average cup of tea may contain 0.4 to 1.3 mg of manganese, and <br /> 12% of the population takes manganese supplements that have a median concentration of <br />2.4 mg/day.