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18. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions/Carbon Footprint <br />a. GHG Quantification: For all proposed projects, provide quantification and discussion of project <br />GHG emissions. Include additional rows in the tables as necessary to provide project -specific <br />emission sources. Describe the methods used to quantify emissions. If calculation methods are <br />not readily available to quantify GHG emissions for a source, describe the process used to come <br />to that conclusion and any GHG emission sources not included in the total calculation. <br />Two phases of the project need to be quantified, the construction phase and the operation phase. <br />Greenhouse gases (GHGs) commonly include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide <br />(N2O), fluorinated gases (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons <br />(PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)). There are three types of emissions: <br />Scope 1, 2, and 3. All estimated/projected GHG emissions are provided on an average lifetime (50- <br />year) annualized basis using the CO2 equivalent (CO2eq). <br />Construction Emissions <br />GHGs emitted during the construction phase are primarily from mobile equipment (passenger cars, <br />trucks, and construction equipment). The U.S. EPA's Emission Factors for GHG inventories was used to <br />calculate emissions from 'mobile sources' during the construction phase. It was assumed the <br />construction would last for approximately 72 weeks (6-day weeks). Emissions were divided by the <br />project timeline (50 years) to get annualized emissions. <br />Operation Emission — Mobile Sources <br />A total of 3054 trips per day are estimated to be generated by the project (See Appendix H). This <br />included 1527 trips entering and leaving. To estimate traffic emissions, it was assumed that this was <br />1527 unique passenger vehicles. It was assumed each vehicle travels 12,000 miles per year or 33 miles <br />per day. The fuel efficiency of said vehicles was estimated at 25 miles per gallon (based on the average <br />for model year 2015 and 2020 to incorporate varying vehicle ages). It was also assumed future <br />residents drive gasoline -powered, light duty vehicles. <br />Off -site Electricity Production <br />Emissions from electricity production offsite were based on the U.S. EPA's Emission Factors for GHG <br />Inventories based on the upper Midwest (MRO West) Emissions and Generation Resource Integrated <br />Database (eGRID) subregion. To estimate annual energy usage, data from the Minnesota Energy Data <br />Dashboard was utilized. Specifically, the electric demand per single family residential unit of <br />800KWh/month and the demand per apartment unit of 550KWh/month. <br />Off -site Waste Management <br />Emission factors from U.S. EPA's Center for Corporate Climate Leadership (CCCL) GHG Emission Hub <br />were utilized to provide estimates of offsite waste management emissions. According to the U.S. EPA, <br />in 2018 292.4 million short tons of municipal solid waste was generated (4.9 pounds per person per <br />day). With 327 living units with an estimated 2 persons per unit, as well ass 100 senior living units a <br />total of 754 persons was estimated for the site <br />GHG calculations were conducted using the ISG Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculator (ISGHG). The <br />ISGGHG is similar to the EPA's Simplified GHG Emissions Calculator (SGEC) and is based on the Revised <br />Environmental Assessment Worksheet Guidance (EQB, 2022). Refer to Appendix G for GHG <br />calculations. <br />Page 25 <br />