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Zimmerman Soil Series Official Soil Series Description The Zimmerman series consists of very deep, excessively drained soils that formed in sandy glacial outwash or eolian sediments on glacial outwash plains, stream terraces, deltas, lake terraces, dunes, beach deposits and valley trains. These soils have rapid permeability. Their slopes range from 0 to 60 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches. Mean annual air temperature is about 41 degrees F. TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, frigid Lamellic Udipsamments TYPICAL PEDON: Zimmerman fine sand with a slope of 1 percent on a glacial outwash plain in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist conditions unless otherwise stated.) Ap - -0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 9 inches thick) E - -7 to 27 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sand; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 30 inches) Bw - -27 to 44 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; few very fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (6 to 36 inches thick) E' &Bt - -44 to 80 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fine sand (E); single grain; loose; few dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy fine sand (Bt) lamellae 1/4 to 1 1/2 inches thick, irregular and discontinuous; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; clay bridging between sand grains; moderately acid. TYPE LOCATION: Sherburne County, Minnesota; about 2 miles south of Santiago, 100 feet north and 780 feet west of southeast corner sec. 17, T. 35 N., R. 28 W. ; USGS Santiago quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 30 minutes 58 seconds N and long. 93 degrees 50 minutes 37 seconds W., NAD27. RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The lamellae typically range from 24 to 60 inches below the soil surface but are deeper than 60 inches in some pedons. Free calcium carbonate is at depths greater than 60 inches. Rock fragments range from 0 to 5 percent throughout the profile. The control section averages between about 40 and 70 percent fine sand. The content of very fine sand is similar to the content of medium sand. The content of coarse sand is less than 5 percent and very coarse sand is less than 1 percent. The Ap or A horizons have hue of 7.5YR, 10YR or is neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. An Ap horizon up to 10 inches thick with hue of 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of 2 or 3 is in some pedons. The E and E' horizons have hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 4. The A and E horizons are fine sand or loamy fine sand. Soil reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid. The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR with value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8. It is fine sand, loamy fine sand, or loamy very fine sand. Soil reaction is strongly acid to neutral. The Bt part consists of one or more thin irregular discontinuous or continuous lamellae or bands that begin at depths ranging from 15 to 80 inches. They range from 1/16 of an inch thick to no more than 3 inches thick if loamy and no more than 6 inches thick if sandy. They have hue of 5YR to 10YR; value is 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 7. Typically, they are fine sand or loamy fine sand, but the range includes very fine sand, loamy very fine sand, and fine sandy loam. The lamellae commonly have 2 to 3 times as much clay as adjacent E' soil material. The Preserve Conservation Development - Restoration and Management Plan B -6