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to solar radiation. Another advantage of infiltration practices is that they can be integrated <br />into landscape features in a site - dispersed manner. This feature can result in aesthetic <br />benefits and, in some cases, recreational opportunities; for example, some infiltration <br />areas can be used as playing fields during dry periods. <br />Runoff storage practices. Impervious surfaces are a <br />ceuti al part of the built environment, but runoff from <br />such surfaces can be captured and stored for reuse or <br />gradually infiltrated, evaporated, or used to irrigate <br />plants. Using runoff storage practices has several <br />benefits. They can reduce the volume of runoff <br />discharged to surface waters, lower the peak flow <br />hydrograph to protect streams from the erosive forces <br />of high flows, irrigate landscaping, and provide <br />aesthetic benefits such as landscape islands, tree <br />boxes, and rain gardens. Designers can take <br />advantage of the void space beneath paved areas like parking lots and sidewalks to <br />provide additional storage. For example, underground vaults can be used to store runoff <br />in both urban and rural areas. <br />ExarpleS Brno gage <br />R bar els loc4cestems <br />laa` ys"lands asd mom; <br />az �iepressi°a <br />Runoff conveyance prat ices. Large storm events <br />can make it difficult to retain all the runoff generated <br />on -site by using infiltration and storage practices. In <br />these situations, conveyance systems are typically <br />used to route excess runoff through and off the site. <br />In LID designs, conveyance systems can be used to <br />slow flow velocities, lengthen the runoff time of <br />concentration, and delay peak flows that are <br />discharged off -site. LID conveyance practices can be <br />used as an alternative to curb -and - gutter systems, and <br />from a water quality perspective they have <br />advantages over conventional approaches designed to <br />rapidly convey runoff off -site and alleviate on -site <br />flooding. LID conveyance practices often have rough <br />surfaces, which slow runoff and increase evaporation and settling of solids. They are <br />typically permeable and vegetated, which promotes infiltration, filtration, and some <br />biological uptake of pollute. LID conveyance practices also can perform functions <br />similar to those of conventional curbs, channels, and gutters. For example, they can be <br />used to reduce flooding around structures by routing runoff to landscaped areas for <br />treatment, infiltration, and evapotranspiration. <br />4 <br />• <br />• <br />• <br />