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• <br />backfill, and the soil ball of balled plants, is more <br />important than fertilization immediately following planting. <br />However, adequate quantities of the essential nutrient <br />elements should be available after new growth starts. <br />4. Insect and Disease Control <br />a. Measures for the control of insects and diseases shall be <br />taken as shown necessary by frequent and thorough <br />inspections. Plants in a weakened condition following <br />transplanting are often more susceptible toy insects, <br />especially borers, and some diseases than are vigorously <br />growing.trees. Where it is necessary to spray, insecticides <br />or fungicides shall be used that are recommended for safe and <br />effective control. <br />5. Pruning <br />a. Pruning practices to be followed the first few years <br />following planting shall consist of removing dead, broken, or <br />injured branches, the suppression of rank, uneven growth, and <br />usually the removal of water sprouts. Feather growth shall <br />be removed as it reaches pencil size in diameter. <br />b. Pruning shall be practiced subsequent to transplanting <br />and as necessary thereafter to assure sturdy crotch <br />development. <br />c. Tree heads should be raised as growth characteristics and <br />location dictates. Newly planted trees need not have lower <br />branches removed until they are well established. <br />Eventually, trees should have the lower branches removed to a <br />height of at least seven (7) feet, unless in areas where <br />lower branches do not impede traffic. <br />E. General Maintenance <br />1. Pruning and Removal <br />a. No topping or dehorning of trees shall be permitted. <br />b. All large, established trees shall be pruned to <br />sufficient height to allow free passage of pedestrians and <br />vehicular traffic: ten (10) feet over sidewalks and twelve <br />(12) feet over all streets except those that are subject to <br />truck traffic which shall have a clearance of sixteen (16 <br />feet. <br />c. It shall be the policy of the Municipal Arborist to <br />cooperate with the Municipal or UtilityLighting Engineer, <br />and vice -versa, in the placement and height of lighting <br />standards and the development of a system of tree pruning to <br />give effective street illumination. <br />d. All cuts shall be made with a saw or pruner and only at <br />the nodes or crotches. All pruning cuts shall be done <br />according to the National Target Pruning techniques. Whereby <br />a branch collar is left intact on the tree after cut out. No <br />spurs or climbing irons shall be used in the trees, except <br />when trees are to be removed. <br />e. All dead, crossed, and rubbing branches shall be removed. <br />f. 411 wounds over two (2) inches in diameter may be treated <br />with a suitable tree would dressing. Except where a disease <br />exhibits that would make it necessary. Such trees shall be <br />• <br />