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Pedestrian Refuge Island <br />Source: www.pedbikeimages.com / TooleDesign <br />Benefits: <br />32% reduction in <br />pedestrian crashes <br />• Reduces pedestrian delay <br />• Reduces/eliminates multiple threat risk <br />• Reduces crossing distance <br />• May influence driver behavior by visually narrowing roadway <br />• Can be used with unmarked crosswalk <br />Best Locations: <br />• Multiple-lane roadways <br />• High-volume roadways <br />• High-speed roadways <br />• Inadequate visibility of pedestrians <br />• Vehicle speeds causing problems <br />Design Considerations: <br />• Island width: minimum of 4 feet <br />• Preferred island width: 8 feet <br />• Must facilitate drainage <br />• Accessibility: ADA-compliant ramps <br />Planning Level Cost (2019): <br />• $2,140 - $41,170, Average $13,520 <br />Source: FHWA