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`Yep `45� ', T,, <br /> `-, �4 1' i <br /> I <br /> property, there may be an impact on land value due to a fear of loss of support or the added <br /> complications in the title to the land. Such concerns are likel to be more prevalent for residential _ <br /> P Y <br /> properties than for commercial or public properties. . III <br /> 2.4 Examples of Valuations for Underground Easements <br /> 10 <br /> A few examples of the valuation of underground easements exist from countries around the world <br /> that have wrestled with this problem are shown in Figure 4. Examples from Belgium, France, and 4-11 <br /> Germany taken from the ITA report (1990) are graphed against depth for comparison. <br /> As can be seen, there is no consensus on the change of value of an underground easement with IV <br /> -1 <br /> depth. The differences are more than can be expected due to the different geological conditions <br /> (types of soil or rock and level of the groundwater table) which may be present in each area which 3` I <br /> may inhibit underground construction and thus reduce the value of the underground space. They <br /> reflect the inherent difficulty in assessing a <br /> value for a commodity for which there is only a <br /> limited market and for which the decisions on Easement cost(% of land value) <br /> value are make by public authorities or the 0 1020 30 <br /> courts. 11 <br /> Some countries have used administrative <br /> procedures or legal decisions to assign only a 10 - ' <br /> nominal value to underground space below a France <br /> certain depth when usurped for public purposes <br /> (Sweden, for example). In most cases, these 11 <br /> Germany <br /> actions are also aimed at speeding the granting E 20 - <br /> of easements for tunnel or utility projects that <br /> must cross many private properties. y Belgium . <br /> o <br /> If one accepts the premise that space beneath 30 <br /> public rights-of-way has value and that there <br /> may be future "higher" uses for the shallow <br /> underground in urban areas than for a maze of A <br /> utilities, then it is important to try to understand 40 ! <br /> what, if anything, should be done to change the 1 <br /> way in which utility placement is planned and <br /> executed to take account of the value of the <br /> space which is being occupied. 50 - <br /> ♦ I <br /> Figure 4 Examples of Easement Valuations <br /> I <br /> I <br /> 14 <br /> I <br />