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investigations were essential for success, and the imposition of minimal fines and no <br /> • jail time upon random convictions resulted in a low risk and high profit endeavor for <br /> organized crime figures who became involved in pornography." Id. at 1045. <br /> • <br /> The FBI concluded in 1978: <br /> Information obtained . . . points out the vast control of the multi-million dollar <br /> pornography business in the United States by a few individuals with direct <br /> • connections with what is commonly known as the organized crime <br /> 1 establishment in the United States, specifically, La Cosa Nostra . . . <br /> Information received from sources of this bureau indicates that pornography <br /> is (a major) income maker for La Cosa Nostra in the United States behind <br /> gambling and narcotics. Although La Cosa Nostra does not physically <br /> oversee the day-to-day workings of the majority of pornography business in <br /> the United States, it is apparent that they have "agreements" with those <br /> involved in the pornography business in allowing these people to operate <br /> independently by paying off members of organized crime for the privilege of <br /> being allowed to operate in certain geographical areas. <br /> Id. at 1046 (quoting Federal Bureau of Investigation Report Regarding the Extent of <br /> Organized Crime Development in Pornography, 6 (1978)). <br /> • <br /> A brief survey of 59 FBI field offices conducted in 1985 found that about <br /> three-quarters of those offices could not verify that traditional organized crime families <br /> were involved in the manufacture or distribution of pornography. Several offices did, <br /> however, report some involvement by members and associates of organized crime. Id. <br /> at 1046-47. <br /> Stanley Ronquest, Jr., a supervisory FBI- special agent for traditional organized <br /> crime at FBI headquarters in Washington, D.C., was interviewed by Attorney General <br /> staff. Ronquest stated that LCN has not been directly involved in the pornography <br /> industry in the last ten years. However, a former FBI agent told the Pornography <br /> Commission: <br /> In my opinion, based upon twenty-three years of experience in pornography <br /> and obscenity investigations and study, it is practically impossible to be in <br /> the retail end of pornography industry (today) without dealing in some <br /> b 410 <br /> -17- <br />