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Figure 1 <br /> ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 1 <br /> Frequency/Hz <br /> CELLULAR PHONES&ENHANCED SPECIALIZED MOBILE RADIO(ESMR) <br /> ELECTRIC <br /> POWER RADIO&TV MICROWAVE INFRARED VISIBLE UazLTRAT X-RAYS RAYS <br /> GAMMA <br /> 0 10' 10' 10' 10' ANT g <br /> I �"�.S,:r.. ; � - i� I 10" 10", •_ tOu 10" 10' tOn <br /> ice , �_' O �r '` 1• 'O' <br /> �_ • <br /> 11111i moi s:r <br /> PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICES(PCS) <br /> • <br /> The three technologies described in this report function similarly in that their systems can <br /> compared to the honeycomb pattern of a bee hive. Like the honeycomb pattern, these wireiee <br /> communications systems are composed of interconnecting "cell sites," or geographical areas, that <br /> blanket a region. In this sense, all three technologies are "cellular technologies," although mobile <br /> cellular phones are frequently referred to as "the" cellular technology because they pioneered the <br /> concept. <br /> Figure 2 shows the relationship of cell sites within and between urbanized areas. As illustrated, cell <br /> sites tend to be smaller and more numerous in the central parts of cities, and larger and less <br /> abundant in peripheral areas and along highways. This is because more people, and accordingly <br /> more customers, live in urbanized as. A s more people—begin to dcmand—wireless <br /> communications services, wireless systems will require additional capacity to handle calls. This <br /> additional calling capacity can be acquired in one of various ways: providers can increase the <br /> number of their cell sites, use digital versus analog technology (explained in more detail below), or <br /> combine these two methods. Generally speaking, providers will choose the third option and do <br /> both — increase the number of their cell sites and use digital technology. As they increase the <br /> number of their cell sites, they must reduce the area of each site in order to avoid overlapping <br /> coverage. As a result, a pattern emerges in which the more populated central segments of cities <br /> contain smaller and more numerous cell sites, while the less populated edges of cities, as well as <br /> rural areas and highways, have fewer, but larger cell sites. <br /> 10 <br />