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: incl Report city of $ 18 , 288 to $77 , 061 , since the development ' s muni— cipal service costs exceed revenues generated . Both R-1 • and R-3 residential growth appear to place a burden on local municipal revenues using all three calculation meth— ods , while multi—family housing contributes to municipal revenues beyond its costs using two projection techniques . These assumptions are general and not related to any speci- fic development proposal . Depending on the specific pro— posal , the net cost/revenue may be altered dramatically . Furthermore , the upper range cost projection based on the Service Standard method is grossly inflated for Mounds View , thereby causing the upper range to be extremely hi„ k relative to the other projections because Mounds View City Government is not staffed at the ratio suggested by the service standards . The middle cost estimate is less than half the upper figure and within about 15% of the lower projection in all instances . As has been noted previously , the effect of local prac— tice on staffing ratio , in part determined by state and national economy , must be taken into consideration . While national service standards ( based on 1970 ' s data ) suggest that the City of Mounds View might typically have 1 . 72 patrolmen per 1000 population , Mounds View has currently . 95 police officers per 1000 residents , a significant var— iation from the standard . Therefore , for the purposes of this study the upper figure would not be accurate . The two lower figures tend to give credibility to one another in that they vary by 15% or less . This seems an appropriate range fo-r estimating net cost/revenue of residential developments to the munici— pality . 2 . Nonresidential Development : Municipal Costs Due to the residential nature of the City of Mounds View , the application of typical cost projection methods to de— termine nonresidential service costs can result in highly inflated projections . For example , using the proportional valuation method resulted in a projected cost for city services for a commercial shopping center of $67 , 000 , 000 ; and the use of the employment anticipation method is in— appropriate for Mounds View since employment expected from commercial and/or industrial development probably would not result in a sizeable population moving to the commun— ity due to Mounds View geographic location and degree of current development . • A modified version of the Case Study Method has been util— ized to obtain data for use in estimating municipal ser— vice costs for the commercial and industrial sectors . Since Public Safety and Public Works service categories make up an average of 90% of nonresidential municipal ser— • vice costs nationwide , it is essential to determine an approximate cost of these categories . The following ap— proximate distribution by municipal service category ap— plies to commercial and industrial land uses nationally .