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<br />r � � � �, 6� � � � � � .,
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<br />>„ here are a number oi land uses that, althocagh
<br />legat, are ahnost universally considered to be poor
<br />neighbots. These incl�de sex-related busi- �c.�
<br />nesses (such as "adult" book stores, "exotic" dance '�,�' �
<br />�.5�5��:
<br />studius, and "strip tease" tl�eaters), as wett as "�y�','
<br />uses ranging from se�vage treatment plants
<br />and garbage dumps to Ceed lots and poul- �•
<br />[r}' farms. ln recent years die acron}'�n �, '-�!
<br />"LULUs" has caught on to descr�be F�� a� 4n'� � a r �
<br />[hese "Locall}' Un���an[ed Land ��jl�� �'- "� � �� �� Fi��r
<br />u,. r r.,.
<br />Uses." ,,�r t i:3
<br />Local governments ?� '
<br />`� L
<br />have been especially ,� ���a j':�
<br />active in catibating Cr,�F����. �,3 1���
<br />i
<br />ses busmesses. �i � �4� �� r+�'f ;�i �
<br />4Uhile the U.S. c'�e� �,� i`;
<br />Suprelne ° ",�,
<br />Cour[ has held � � -� � �� - . �
<br />thatsex business-
<br />a
<br />es, sucl� as adult book - �
<br />- ;itr �::
<br />stores, cannot be totalky
<br />escluded [rom a community, ` "�
<br />the Court has teft municipali- I;-i� ""
<br />ties free to tightly regul�te their
<br />loca[ion. Mos[ conununi[ies have re- `
<br />;'
<br />sponded b�� providing a limited numUer ' `,��"'� � -�'
<br />of zoning districts wi[hin which adult busi-
<br />nesses can be sited (�hough almost always as
<br />condi�ion�l uses). Adult businesses are in��a�iably
<br />prohibited fronz tocating ti��iti�in specified distances of
<br />schools, churches, parks, and other places of public
<br />assemU3y. ln addition, zoning ordinances oCten inclLtde con-
<br />ditions such as screening the use and its parl<ing facili[y [rom
<br />s�iew From surroundina properties and public thorough�ares.
<br />Editoe's Note: fue ma� on dte r�cgulntion af srxbusinesses, see 7eience
<br />R. Bogn's "Zoning Adult Eirtertniiii>ientBusiricsses,"oii page I2 a�this
<br />issi�c.
<br />Early American land use contrnls oEteft [ocused on what might
<br />be considered the "�-rated" land uses of their clay: fat trying
<br />plants, tar boiling facilities, dead aneinal disposat lots, slaugh[er
<br />houses, garbage du�nps, and indiistrial production Eacilities. Tl�e
<br />principal issue was the locatim� of these uses in reiation to resi-
<br />dential areas and places of puhIic congrega[iou. Ihe most com-
<br />man local ga��ernment response �vas to isolate all such uses,
<br />allowing [he�n only in limi�ed geographic areas, identiEied as
<br />"induslcial" zones. ]nterestingty, however, eady 20t1i century
<br />"model" zoning orditiances d4d nat protiibSt affices, retail sales, or
<br />even residential uses, Gom locating wiThiu industrial zones. The
<br />justification for tliis, in theory, �vas thai if the o�c+ners and occu-
<br />pants didn't inind ha�•ing "X-rated" uses for neighbors, the}�
<br />should not be harred Gom locating in sudi zones. As the 20th cen-
<br />tury wore on, ho���e��ei', zoning codes increasingly caine to pmhi6-
<br />it business ancl residence uses in industriaI zones.
<br />ln Iieu o(zoned isola�ion, pro�eciion Erom the negative
<br />e(Cects oC such uses can be accomplished through use of
<br />"performance" cuntrols (or standards?. Such controls
<br />invoh�e seCting measurable masimum standards for
<br />periineter inipacts, such as light, sound, smell,
<br />'' e sigla�, ��ibra�ion, and traFfic. [vlany uses uow
<br />S a altowed onl}' in indusuial zones l�ave c�irtu-
<br />ally no negati`�e impacts on surrounding
<br />� sL o ;1 . uses (or have impacts that could well
<br />�y t,J Lie addressed dirough good site
<br />�! design and bulfers). 1'et mosl
<br />� � ' -� cuinmunities siill �dhere
<br />�� to the principle oE zoned
<br />� - isolation fonnula[ecL
<br />� �, �� � A ahnost a centui��
<br />,��_ Public
<br />` discussion o[
<br />- /,? wl�ere LULUs
<br />:�:�;-, �::'' are to Ue located
<br />inevitahly brings out
<br />S hordes of Nltv(BYs es-
<br />pousing "Not In b[y Bacic
<br />Yard!" Yet, many of [he uses
<br />"' generatiug NINIBY opposition are
<br />� ��i -,5��. essential to �he conimunit3c These
<br />�?;:,F tnclucle garbage and trash disposal, as
<br />we11 as sewage treahnent Cacilities. NINBY-
<br />.�:.��:�'� ��� ism is most mmmOnly follo�ti�ed by P10Tisin,
<br />"Pui It
<br />Over Tl�ere" � S.1'I i'f FI' S
<br />(in HIS yard), I'�l.�nt Im��roscii {'entilalii�;
<br />the "tliere" com- �9�tig' ��:9.C3Ef��1^.
<br />inonly being in other
<br />communities or in or
<br />near lower-income neigh- i`.;: �
<br />borhoods. Some have �}� � � ;�;�-d
<br />suggested (undoubtedly � ��� ''�•
<br />as a hypuihet[cat [arttu- ', ���l� i> 5 �?� �,
<br />s}'�) that iC each residen- �t �y��',� �il��'�� �
<br />tial neighborhood had '�' }�d JS�jl�� ��'
<br />to trea[ and dis ose its �v� i
<br />� � ����'i - ��;�rd�k!', "'' � i
<br />own was[e within its �1,!;�;,��Jj;;4 _ f;�
<br />o4vn geographic confines,
<br />�ve K�o{ild ver}' quicicly �IIP ABOVE n,ny be see« nt a,zr St�r�, �
<br />nnd I<is 6eliered m hc the best S�nvt 5facli{ne
<br />. i�� :�.,r.
<br />have eEfective recycling, •rn. t���o,va�e �s ��w r��m n�a��� ����a�n�,:; �
<br />haud.
<br />e ll
<br />r so rce conservation
<br />� This m�y r iify d�ai ���e Lnvc ud•.d ai ol' S,
<br />�1riC�enViCORIIlen[a� i0- Sniliif<���uti.�lnchincyabootan��y.ur,nn�l�venrc
<br />P ;s.sea u���� �� a�.ra e�� ,� �k ,�.,,�e,�,� �� � i�.:�:�1
<br />[ection ra rams. , °,�r,rw,�„n��r..�,���o.e���r� ���• ��m-
<br />P S �ei�.,� .� `-;i. r`t���i���,.�;�,r�i�:��i�,��.
<br />An cnrlier crn: tvhcn sntu�
<br />�nnd�incs ircrr jordeaning
<br />5ehcat, nnt disYlnying obscenc
<br />yicftucs.
<br />Burlin��on Agricultvrai lf-nrrl�nne.,
<br />mrr. PIGtLC6 S
<br />Augusi ^_9.I3.ID.
<br />PLAI+iN2NG COMivIl5510NL-RS JOURNAL / NL}bfBER 71 ! SUNI�IER 2003
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