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information on the long-term survival and condition of individual trees. If woodland or forest conservation <br />techniques are applied, the extent, composition, and condition of stands of trees should be documented. Both <br />aerial and ground level photography provide a simple means for documenting the presence and condition of <br />individual tees and stands of trees over time. Ground survey methods and inventory data can also be used to <br />provide more detailed base line data against which change can be measured. <br />5. Select, situate, and maintain street trees appropriately to maximize <br />benefits and minimize hazard, nuisance, hardscape damage, and <br />maintenance costs. <br />Trees and structures, such as pavement, sidewalks, and curbs (collectively referred to as hardscape), are <br />closely associated in street tree plantings, and this is frequently a source of problems for both. Many tree <br />maintenance and hardscape damage problems that occur in street tree plantings result from incompatibility <br />between the planting site and the tree species. Street trees are often placed in woefully small planting spaces, <br />resulting in premature tree decline and/or hardscape damage. Conflicts with overhead or underground utilities <br />and damage to hardscape arise where: <br />. tree species are not selected with proper attention to site limitations, <br />. planting sites are not designed to provide a hospitable environment for tree growth, <br />. hardscape, utilities, and structures are not properly engineered to withstand impacts <br />associated with nearby trees. <br />Inappropriate tree selection is often the underlying cause for Lees that become hazardous, are prone to <br />breakage, or develop recurrent pest or disease problems. Inadequate planting sites are often responsible for <br />poor tree growth and survival and excessive hardscape damage. By identifying and subsequently avoiding <br />undesirable tree species, inadequate planting site specifications, and inappropriate tree -site combinations, it is <br />possible to minimize problem situations and their high maintenance costs. <br />®rdlnanCe prOVISiOnS <br />Ordinance provisions related to this goal empower the tree authority to set and modify standards for tree <br />selection and planting sites. This goal is normally also addressed in the development of a comprehensive <br />management plan. <br />o Designate administrative responsibilities <br />o Develop a comprehensive management lap <br />o Responsibilities of property owners <br />o Permit required for planting trees in the public right-of-way <br />o Planting requirements <br />o Permit required for activities that may damage city owned trees <br />To evaluate progress toward this <br />goal, we need information about the types <br />of tree/site <br />combinations that <br />result in high maintenance costs <br />or damage. Ground surveys can be conducted to determine <br />what types of <br />tree/site combinations are associated with current maintenance and damage <br />problems. <br />Most or all of this <br />