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information may already be on hand in cities with tree inventories that track tree maintenance. Costs of <br />hazardous tree removals, tree -related sidewalk repairs, and maintenance should be tallied by the types of tree <br />species and planting situations where they are incurred. In the absence of good historical records, ground <br />surveys can be conducted to determine what types of tree/site combinations are associated with current <br />maintenance and damage problems. Once these relationships are established, they can be used as a basis to <br />evaluate current tree selection, siting, and maintenance practices. The evaluation should be repeated <br />periodically to account for changes that result as new species, planting methods, and hardscape designs are <br />adopted, and as trees planted at different times mature. <br />6. Centralize tree management under a person with the necessary expertise. <br />Due to the wide variety of situations that can impact trees in the urban environment, tree -related issues may <br />arise in a number of different municipal departments. In many jurisdictions, street trees are the responsibility <br />of public works, while park trees are cared for by the parks department (Bernhardt and Swiecki 1989). In <br />addition, projects approved by the planning department and work performed by the public works department <br />often impact current or future tree resources. Utility companies, tree service firms, and private citizens are also <br />involved in tree maintenance and removal, and some of these activities may be regulated by various <br />municipal departments. Effective implementation of tree ordinances is likely to be hampered when <br />responsibilities are split between different departments without overall coordination. <br />Unless all activities that affect trees are coordinated, departments may unintentionally undermine each other's <br />efforts to conserve tree resources. For example, the planning department may require that certain trees be <br />protected and maintained during development. Without coordination, the same trees might be seriously <br />damaged by trenching for underground utility work approved through public works. <br />To facilitate the coordinated management of urban forest resources, it is destrable to have a single person <br />responsible for all tree -related issues. To be effective, this position should serve as a cleazinghouse for <br />information on activities that may affect trees. The position should also have authority to approve, deny, or <br />condition any activities in accordance with the jurisdiction's management plan, policies, and ordinances. <br />Clearly, the person in this position should have the technical background appropriate for this complex job. <br />Many jurisdictions do have a community arborist or forester, but flits position often lacks sufficient authority <br />to effectively manage the urban forest. <br />Although small communities may lack the funds for afull-time tree specialist, many of the administrative <br />functions of the community forester maybe filled by a tree board or commission. The necessary technical <br />input may be obtained from public or private sector tree specialists. Alternatively, several smaller <br />communities might band together to arrange for a shared "circuit riding" urban forester. <br />®rdinance provisions <br />Ordinance provisions that establish the responsibilities, authority, and qualifications of the municipal tree <br />program manager relate duectiy to this goal. Other related provisions direct how coordination between <br />municipal departments is to be established for operations that may affect trees. <br />o Designate administrative responsibilities <br />o Establish a tee board or commission <br />o Specify cooperation between departments and agencies <br />o Develop a comprehensive management plan <br />