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Figure 4-1 Field Trial Fuel Consumption <br />0 <br />0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <br />12 N CO LO CO r- <br />Feet per Stop <br />Figure 4-1 shows the total fuel consumption in ounces per stop at the various distance <br />increments. As the distances increase, the amount of fuel consumed increases, however this <br />increase is not linear. Due to the vehicle manufacturer's need to increase fuel economy, engine <br />management systems have implemented "Puff Arresters." These Puff Arresters reduce the <br />amount of fuel injected into the engine when first starting from a dead stop. This technology <br />reduces the amount of fuel used, promotes more efficient combustion, increases fuel economy <br />and eliminates the old puff of black smoke (excess carbon) emitted when first accelerating. This <br />technology increases the fuel economy dramatically when traveling very short distances. <br />Coincidentally, these short distances (close to the necessary distances between all households) <br />lend itself to the optimum fuel efficiency for providing collection services. As the measured <br />distance increments increase, this fuel efficiency is reduced. Figure 4-2 Fuel Economy Versus <br />Distance below displays this trend. <br />R - Analysis of Waste Collection Service Arrangements.doc Foth Infrastructure & Environment, LLC • 109 <br />June 2009 <br />