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4.9.6 Total Greenhouse Gas Emission for Five Open Cities With diesel fuel consumption and mileage estimates derived for each hauler in each city, GHG emissions can be estimated. To estimate GHG emissions, the EPA guidance was used (Climate Leaders Greenhouse Gas Inventory Protocol Care Module Guidance, Direct Emissions from Mobile Sources, EPA 430-K-08-004, May 2008). To calculate CO2 emissions, an emission factor of 10.15 kg CO2/gallon (22.37689 lbs. CO2/gallon) was used. The factor is for all on road diesel fuel use. Other GHGs emitted by the combustion of diesel fuel include methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20). The approach for estimating CH4 and N20 emissions varies from the estimation of CO2 emissions discussed above. Emissions of CH4 and N20 from mobile sources are dependent on the type of catalytic converter on the vehicle and the number of miles traveled. However, CH4 and N20 emissions are minor (2%) compared to CO2 missions for diesel fueled vehicles. To estimate the emissions of CH4 and N20 from the trucks used in the study, each vehicle was assumed to be a heavy duty vehicle. The emission factor for N20 is 0.0048 grams/mile (1.0582x10-5lbs/mile) and 0.0051 grams/mile (1.124xl0-5lbs/mile) for CH4. The trucks were all assumed to use 100% diesel fuel with no blends or use of biodiesel, compressed natural gas or other alternative fuels. Use of alternative fuels would reduce the GHG emissions slightly (about 7% for biodiesel) but this was not considered in the analysis. To convert GHG to carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), global warming potential conversion factors from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Assessment Report (2001) were used for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20). The conversion factor for CO2 is 1; to CH4 is 23; and for N20 is 296. Total GHG estimated emissions for MSW collection systems are all presented in Table 4-28. GHG emissions for recycling systems are presented in Table 4-29. In both Tables 4-28 and 4-29 the first example on the text for each is compared to an organized system. The St. Paul recycling collection system is already organized so there is no difference there. Table 4-30 summarizes projected savings for these five open cities for just MSW and recyclables collection. The projected savings of CO2e is approximately 3,345 metric tons per year. R - Analysis of Waste Collection Service Arrangements.doc Foth Infrastructure & Environment, LLC • 143 June 2009