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2 Literature Review This section provides a summary of pertinent literature regarding residential waste and recyclable materials collection arrangements, and past and current efforts to establish organized collection arrangements within Minnesota municipalities and counties. The section includes: A summary of the primary issues related to municipal waste and recyclable material collection services in open collection and organized collection systems for residential generators including the commonly identified advantages and disadvantages of each system. Information from areas outside of Minnesota related to open collection and organized collection systems such as the occurrence of each and efforts to organize in other communities. Experience of Minnesota cities with the Organized Collection statutes. Literature research information available on issues such as cost and pricing of services, volume based pricing and waste generation, associated performance and results of open collection and organized collection arrangements, transportation costs, research or information regarding infrastructure costs to roads and bridges, externalities such as air pollution, accidents and safety. A summary of position of various interest groups such as National Solid Wastes Management Association (NSWMA), representatives from Minnesota Counties, the League of Minnesota Cities, and other professional organizations 2.1 Commonly Identified Advantages/Disadvantages of Types of Collection Systems There are several characteristics of open and organized collection systems that have been routinely identified in different communities as potential advantages or disadvantages for each. The advantages are sometimes referred to as potential benefits and the disadvantages as potential issues/concerns. These are highlighted in the next subsection with some covered in more detail in the following subsections. Generally, the proponents of organized collection include cities, counties, and state solid waste management officials. Proponents of open collection systems are primarily private waste management companies including both the larger, national companies as well as local, independent haulers. Proponents of open systems also include residents desiring to retain the ability to choose their waste hauler. 2.1.1 Open Systems A comparison of the advantages (potential benefits) and disadvantages of open collection systems is shown in Table 2-1. R - Analysis of Waste Collection Service Arrangements.doc Foth Infrastructure & Environment, LLC • 3 June 2009