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13. <br /> Few of the programs examined target the population at large; rather, <br /> they generally focus on youths between the ages of 5 and 21. Some of them <br /> are even restricted to children between 5 and 10 while target adolescents <br /> between 10 and 18, even though "youth tend to stop attending organized <br /> recreation programs between the ages of 13 and 16" (Smith, 1991, p.4). <br /> Indeed, such programs are often considered by teenagers as being "too tame," <br /> "over organized" and "structured too much like school" (Smith, 1991, p.41). <br /> According to Smith (1991), typical programs included before school, after <br /> school, holiday, and summer day camp programs. Whereas most of these • <br /> programs are directed at at-risk youths in general, some of them especially aim <br /> at minorities or low income youth. <br /> Very few programs are implemented nationwide; they are often <br /> administered at the state level, or even more commonly, at the local level in <br /> specific city or county public housing facilities, schools, youth clubs, and other <br /> centers. Smith (1991) pointed out that successful programs are usually <br /> developed by a local initiative to serve unique needs and to utilize resources e <br /> available in the community, with programs evolving as the needs and the <br /> interests of the participants change. <br /> • <br />