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• <br /> 16. <br /> understood... While some strategies will doubtless prove more effective <br /> than others, the diversity of violent events guarantees that no single <br /> strategy will prevent more than a small fraction of them. For these <br /> reasons, 'diversified' investments in many small-scale but sustained <br /> problem-solving initiatives are needed (Roth, 1995, p.11). <br /> Regarding this need for diverse programming, Roth argued that each problem- <br /> solving initiative should focus on a specific source of violence or crime and be <br /> tested, evaluated, and refined. <br /> Clarify and Operationalize Goals <br /> • In view of the growing emphasis on accountability, Witt, Compton, and <br /> Baker (1995) counselled caution in the use of past evaluations which use <br /> measures such as head counts of participants, anecdotal evidence or solicited <br /> testimonials from participants, and statements by police indicating that crime <br /> declined after program initiation. The authors suggested that Parks and <br /> Recreation Departments focus on: <br /> (a). establishing clear program goals; <br /> (b). designing programs aimed at achieving these goals; and <br /> (c) formulating qualitative and quantitative evaluation plans to assess <br /> how the goals have been met. <br /> These evaluations should include outcome evaluations to determine changes in <br /> • specific behaviors, abilities or attitudes as well as process evaluations of <br />