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will be launched in 2010. STAR will include a set of indicators and metrics for the three pillars of sustain- ability: environment, social equity, and economic development. Local governments will be able to use these indicators to develop a baseline of their current sustainability, set targets, and monitor progress, as outlined in the Five Milestones for Sustainability process. 1.5 LESSONS LEARNED FROM NEW YORK CITY The Five Milestone process in this toolkit is based on the planning process that the City of New York undertook to develop PIaNYC, the City's far-reaching sustainability plan. The case study, "The Process Behind the Plan: How the City of New York Developed PIaNYC, its Comprehensive Long-Term Sustain- ability Plan," (coming soon) supplements this toolkit, and describes the ins and outs of how City of New York developed PIaNYC. Due to U.S. and international local governments' interest in learning from New York's success, ICLEI and the City of New York's Mayor's Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability teamed up to create this toolkit and the case study to share the lessons learned from PIaNYC. More than 20 City agencies came together to develop PIaNYC, which Mayor Michael Bloomberg re- leased on Earth Day 2007. PIaNYC includes 10 overarching goals and 127 separate initiatives aimed at improving the physical environment of the city and reducing the citywide greenhouse gas emissions 30 percent by 2030. The initiatives in the plan address land use, parks and open space, affordable housing, transportation, air quality, water quality, energy supply and demand, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. New York has received accolades and policy awards for the strategic and pragmatic approach taken in PIaNYC. ICLEI selected PIaNYC as the model for this toolkit not only because of its high profile, but also because of its comprehensive scope, broad public outreach effort, in-depth best practices research and data analysis, diverse sustainability advisory board, and proactive implementation coordinated by the Mayor's Office. To create the Five Milestones for Sustainability process, ICLEI built on its Five Milestone for Climate Mitigation methodology using New York's PIaNYC development process as a model. While the magnitude of some of the challenges New York faced might be unique, the lessons learned are applicable to cities and local governments of all sizes. The case study highlights the following key factors for success to develop a high-quality and broadly supported sustainability plan: • Buy-in from the chief elected official • Central management and coordination • Research and analysis to create a fact-driven plan • Aggressive but achievable initiatives • Guidance from an external sustainability advisory board • Inclusive and transparent planning process • Accountability to the public • Institutionalization of the plan and updating process