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An ordinance must specify what property it covers, such as... ...along rights -of -way ...in public parks ...in cemeteries. A license requirement protects both trees and property owners. IV ''PLICILI PRINCIPLE: This section is needed to make it clear what property is covered by the ordinance. This usually includes trees on rights -of -way, public parks, cemeteries, and other public grounds, and sometimes even on private property. Example: This ordinance provides full power and authority over all trees, plants and shrubs located within street rights -of -way, parks and public places of the city; and to trees, plants and shrubs located on private property that constitute a hazard or threat as described herein. V. DEFINITIONS PRINCIPLE: To prevent misunderstanding, words that may be unfamiliar to lay citizens should be defined. If a standards and specifications appendix accompanies the ordinance many arboricultural terms can be placed there instead of in this section. Examples of words or terms to define: arborist, contractor, city forester or city arborist, tree, public tree, private tree, tree lawn, parkway, right-of-way, easement, etc. An insurance provision helps protect city government and unwary home or business owners who hire someone to do tree work. 4 • TREE CITY USA BULLETIN No. 9 • National Arbor Day Foundation VI. LICENSING PRINCIPLE: One way to protect trees and citizens from irresponsible companies or individuals who pose as arborists is to require practitioners to have a license. Conditions for obtaining the license may even require that the person be a certified arborist. (See Bulletin No. 6.) This section provides licensing authority and includes details such as fees, frequency of renewal, testing procedures, types of licenses, suspensions and appeals, surety bonds, showing identification on equipment, etc. Example: It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in the business of planting, cutting, trimming, pruning, removing, spraying, or otherwise treating trees, shrubs or vines within the City without first producing evidence of certification/license before the City. (An explanation of requirements and fees is then presented.) VII. INSURANCE PRINCIPLE: Arborists work under dangerous circumstances and around high value property. Since it is often difficult for homeowners to ascertain whether property and tree workers are adequately covered, or to insist on such coverage, a provision in the tree ordinance can easily correct the situation, Example: Before any license shall be issued, each applicant shall first file evidence of possession of worker compensation and liability insurance in the minimum amounts of $1,000,Q00 for bodily injury or death and $100,000 property damage indemnifying the City or any person injured or damaged resulting from the pursuit of such endeavor as herein described.