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72 • Trash disposal costs (i.e., tipping fees at resource recovery facilities) vary by county. • Relative amount of the recycling price vs. trash price. How much of the trash costs are shifted into the recycling price to avoid the government taxes? • City buildings and other facilities included in base price (without additional charge) vs. excluded as a separate pay item. • Special events collections included in the base price (without additional charge) vs. excluded or as a separate pay item. Attachment I at the end of this memo (see page 8) shows the details of contract prices (before taxes) from the other 10 selected cities. In general, these are "bundled" contracts that include both trash and recycling. Some of these cities in this list in Attachment 1 have a consortium of collectors serving under one contract (e.g., Little Canada, Champlin). Each city with a consortium has a unique history of how the consortium was developed. In general, the collection service contract procurement process has involved some element of negotiation for cities that have a consortium. All other cities used a more standard request for proposals (RFP) procurement process for selecting their contractor and establishing the contract prices. Other Studies Several other studies have found while price related issues are complex, residents in organized collection systems can and do pay less than residents of open collection systems. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) commissioned a study in 2009 on various solid waste and recycling collection systems.' The MPCA study also found that rates vary considerably within a single open hauling city and even vary by hauler providing the same level of service. One explanation is that it is a common practice in open hauling communities for collectors to offer introductory rates (e.g., starter price for the first three months) and other discounts. Many other variables also impact the price of service in open hauling communities. Cost issues were covered from a number of approaches in the MPCA study including the literature review, municipal surveys of 50 Minnesota cities, and the in-depth analysis of 10 Minnesota cities. MPCA summarized the rates analysis comTaring solid waste prices for organized (contract) collection versus open hauling systems. See Table 4 on the next page for the MPCA summary of prices. Cities with a population over 10,000 were selected for a survey about trash and recycling rates. The data in Table 4 represents results from 20 organized contracts and 67 different hauler bills from open hauling cities. The prices ' Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), "Analysis of Waste Collection Service Arrangements" by Foth Infrastructure & Environment, LLC (lune 2009): hit://www.pca. state. mn. us/index. php/waste/waste-and-cleanup/waste-management/solid-waste/i ntegrated- so lid-waste-managemenUwaste-col lection-service-arran gements. htm I z MPCA fact sheet, "The Benefits of Organized Collection: Waste Collection Service Arrangements (February2013): htty://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.pho/view-document.html?gid=17347