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E. SITE PLANNING PRINCIPLES Use Rooftops for Stormwater Collection and Sources: Filtration- Eco-roofs cover all or a portion of a roof Claytor, Richard and Thomas Schueler. Design of with grasses and ground covers and can be retrofit- Stormwater Filtering t - Minimize Total Impervious Area- Impervious gSys ems. Chesapeake areas prevent Infiltration of rainfall and act as pol- ted to existing buildings with little or no structural rein- Research Consortium, 1996. lutant collectors between storms,while vegetated forcement. This soft roof filters and reduces Hansen, Richard. "Watermarks at the Nature Cen- surfaces tend to treat or uptake pollutants. Total stormwater runoff volume while enhancing the ther- ter." Landscape Journal, Special Issue, Impervious surface may be reduced by locating mal and acoustic insulation of the building, 1998, parking areas beneath buildings,minimizing build- Lipton, Tom. "Integrated Approaches to Urban in footprints by adding stories,and by using po- 2 Xa Stormwater Management:Examples from g 9 9 j ,Grasses&Grc,ndcovers Home and Abroad." Integrating rous paving materials rather than traditional asphalt i g g :its' �'��?. `' Stormwater Into the Urban Fabric Confer- and concrete for parking lots,roads,sidewalks,and , . .,r• �; Confer- driveways. 4 --1"Mulch ence Proceedings. American Society of -��- 2'Scil Landscape Architects,.Oregon Chapter, Prdedlve Layer 1996. Minimize Direct Connection Between Im- pervious Surfaces- Connected Impervious sur- Watep�erproo Root fing Schueler, Thomas, Controllin g Urban Runoff: A faces result in rapid stormwater flows. Driveways, Practical Manual for Planning and Design- sidewalks and streets may be sloped so that run- Ing Urban BMPs. Metropolitan Washington off drains first to lawns or vegetated swales. Figure VI-9:Eco-Roof Council of Governments, 1987. Source.,Upton Tourbier, J, Toby and Richard Westmacott. Water Conduct Watershed-Based Zoning- Conduct Resources Protection Technology. Urban land use master planning across scales to ensure Land Institute, 1981. that future growth is compatible with high water Use Native Plant Materials Appropriate to quality.Create regulation that is preventative rather Soil Type and Wetness- Plants such as Cattails, than reactive, such as Best Management Prac- Blue flag Iris, Sedgegrass and Common Reed are tices, buffer regulations, limits on impervious sur- site specific and respond to wet conditions, faces, limits on curb and gutter, and require low Irrigation and low fertilizer/pesticide plantings.Adopt sensitive area ordinances to provide for buffers and ��—Wetland species-Cattail,Commai Reed. to ensure development does not occur in key ar- Blue Flag Iris. Sedges eas such as steep slopes, floodplains and wet- 1 ,i ParWng Lot Sheet Runoff lands.Review municipal codes and modify them I Permeable Grate to protect water quality, I , ��Gravel -Impermeable PVC Liner Plant More Trees-Trees and shrubs can capture 1 / Overflow Grassy Swalerlrrlgatlan Ditch as much as 35 percent of the annual rainfall �� I I P 1 through absorption or evaporation. Roots provide a path for Increased water infiltration as well. C S � I �11,r• Figure VI-10:Wetland Runnel Source:Hansen