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• Restructuring of debt service to accomplish larger jurisdictional financial objectives; and <br /> • Refinancing to modify legal constraints on original issue. <br /> Of these, the most common objective is to reduce interest costs. The advisability of a given <br /> issue being a good candidate for advance refunding to achieve interest cost reduction is based <br /> on four key characteristics of the issue. <br /> • The differential between the issue's existing interest rates and current market rates; <br /> • The amount of outstandingbonds subject toprepayment call ; <br /> 1 (call); <br /> • The time period over which bonds are subject to prepayment; and <br /> • The cash position and estimated income stream of the debt service fund. <br /> For this study, we will review each of the City's outstanding bond issues as to potential <br /> candidates for advance refunding. For those issues warranting more investigation, we will <br /> examine in depth the financial trade-offs of advance refunding. If advance refunding is <br /> appropriate for an issue(s), then we would identify that issue(s) for further action by the City. <br /> Defeasance <br /> Defeasance is the depositing of a sum-of funds with an escrow agent, such that when that sum <br /> is invested at legally permitted interest rates, an income stream is created to pay all remaining <br /> principal and interest on an outstanding debt obligation. Defeasance does not involve new <br /> debt issuance. With defeasance, the outstanding debt ceases to be an obligation of the. <br /> jurisdiction, and except for disclosure in the notes to the financial statements, no longer <br /> appears on the jurisdiction's balancesheets. In most cases as the debt obligation no longer <br /> exists, the jurisdiction has access to any remaining funds as well as future revenues of the debt <br /> service fund. The jurisdiction normally can expend those funds for any permitted use. <br /> There are a number of major policy questions which a jurisdiction should consider before <br /> defeasing an issue. As in all financial decisions, there are more advantageous times regarding <br /> market timing to conduct a defeasance. Some of the questions which the jurisdiction should • <br /> consider are: <br />