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4/17/2025 <br />6 <br />Standards <br />•Standard for the organization and <br />deployment of Fire Suppression Operations <br />•Establishes minimum criteria for the <br />effectiveness and efficiency of emergency <br />operations by career departments. <br />•Notes that even though fireground staffing <br />levels have changed, NFPA continues to <br />require that engine companies <br />be staffed with a minimum of <br />four on-duty members. <br />NFPA 1710 <br />National Fire Protection Association <br />•Requires that if 2 firefighters enter the IDLH <br />environment (Immediately Dangerous to <br />Life or Health), there are 2 firefighters <br />outside the structure for safety. <br />•Exceptions made for victim rescue and if the <br />fire is in the incipient phase. <br />2 In / 2 Out —OSHA Standard <br />Study: National Institute for Standards and <br />Technology <br />4/17/2025 <br />Report on Residential Fireground Field Experiments <br />22 Fireground assignments completed during a residential structure fire <br />Overall Scene <br />Time: <br />4-person crew operated nearly 30% faster than a 2-person crew and 25% <br />faster than 3-person crews <br />Primary Search 3-person crew started and completed a primary search and rescue 25% <br />faster than the 2-person crew. <br />Occupant Rescue The fire modeling showed clearly that 2-person crews cannot complete <br />essential fireground tasks in time to rescue occupants without subjecting <br />either firefighters or occupants to an increasingly hazardous atmosphere. <br />Industry Standard <br />Achieved <br />Started from when the first engine arrived at the hydrant and ended <br />when 15 firefighters were assembled on scene. According to the NIST <br />study deployment protocol, the 2-and 3-person crews were unable to <br />assemble enough personnel to meet the standard.