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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1984.03.14 PC Minutesr IITUTDS OF TJX PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUGO PLANNING CO!YNISSION Tarch 14, 1984 .All City Council members were present except Charles Schwab. The public hearing for the `.,Ihite Rear Rod and Gun Club was Called to order by Chairman Lorch at 7:05 PI,!. Attached is a list of concerned citizens. PIs. Desyl Peterson attorney for the gun club was present and requested that the Special Use Permit remain as it is. TTaurice Neault, Jerry Perron and Dr. Craig Linell represented the members of the gun club. 1r -r. Tdward Zimmerman attorney for the HELP Organization made several requests on behalf of the HELP members to be considered by the Planning Commission, 1) that the commission carefully consider the rights at issue and guarantee residents of a pub— lic view with extended monitoring any club issue considering season, time of day, and bac'cround noise level, 2) a large ;population is bothered by the noise, 3) varied testing by local government agencies, 4 impartial experts be retained by the city as needed, and fl that the new neighbors be taken into consideration. "r. Lorch pointed olit after reading his summary that he felt t .:% cla". C_1C' ?"tot co i J .Ji_l n so;:':e o t�1e ler; .=1 „once'' (i ^C'. :'c ­e not r'esnonsive to c *.ti :(' = co,cei'ls, ever aftE'� of warnings and precautions. I'"r. jimriernan stated shooting is not a right of the club but rat'ner a special use which could be considered a nuisance. Ts. Peterson Made the point that the club is not asking for anything special, that the permit has already been granted. She suggested that the conditions which have already been completed by eliminated from the SUP. Also, to her know— ledge the club has not ignored any rulings or issues. Dr. Lin -ell has recornriend.ed to the gun club that the DL level of 40 is unrealistic and that they should apply for a var— iance. The noise level readings from the dernonstration of "arch3, 19 4 would not be quoted at this time because of t,le varied opinions of the spectators and expert. It was also su,Mgested that the^t' ns 1 pollution and environ— ment be addressed by theM 000`agencies (PCA and DT -TR respectively). I`r. Dave Kelso from the PCA informed the group that gun clubs wore exempt from the lay, regarding noise level because impulse noise doesn't fall under their jurisdiction and laws have been avoided because of the lack of a definition of impulse noise. `T"he public hearing was closed at 9:15 PV iTLTGO PL•ANNITTG COIL-ISSIOIT — I. -'arch 14v 10"04 page 2 the regular meeting vja.s called to order by Chairman Lorch at °:35 FI -T . PRESENT: Schoeller, Potts, Olson, Nashingbauer, Lorch Council member, Vail, Peltier, Atkinson and I-layor T'Ic.Allister. nS._ .':udisill_ Yotion made by Potts, seconded by Fashingbauer to approve the minutes of February 22, 1984 as submitted. All aye, motion carried. IjITJ BLT ROT) A?,m rrTTIT CUM — review Special Use Permit. Nr. Potts submitted a letter as part of the minutes with reference to several attachments (exhibits b and c). George ,.:anson?esti a.led>:That - U,; he o:+' lead recovery system would be used. Tr. Atkinson cited the zoning ordinances Chapter 320-4 Subd.—D regarding the purpose of the land. Byron Seelig provided the public with information from the PCA to be con— sidered before making any changes. I'otion made by Potts, seconded by Atkinson that no action be ta;en by the Planning Commission until; 1. The City attorney issues an opinion stating whether or not we may legally act. 2. The gun club make further improve!-:�ents in their sound abatement program in order to meet condition number eiCD ght of their Special Use Permit. AYn: Atkinson, Potts, Olson T?AY: Schoeller, Fashingbaue:r, Lorch Tie vote; motion failed. =otion made by Lorch, seconded by Fashingbauer to table the discussion until the meeting of April 11, 1934. following all other issues on agenda, requesting the City attorney be present to add input on legal matters and address the lead recovery decision. 11 aye. Potion carried. 1ICF`�?D C31I?CTDR — T ajor Subdivision "r.. Granger submitted a preli=minary plan for the subdivision o- amDro.xinately 50 acres zoned .3 '. public hearing was sc'-ieaul.ed. :ior pri 1 11 , 1.9.84 at 7:15 PI?. Iotion made by Fashingbaue.r seconded by Potts to adjourn �.t 11 :32 PI'. "_11 aye. Lotion carri,. ' . '.'azole TO.Be1_le, Secretary ?:?urro Planning Commission R13 '1 '1 T T / 1A l ^'1 T R13SID:�I?C � II ATT Mr?D .1 CE OF PUBLIC u]7YL7)IF G I . ARCH 1.1 , 1.984 I"ary Lou Houde 7615 1 37t Dick Houde sar^e Dale ''ocking 6539 -,g Lake Rd. Colleen Hocking same Rvron Seelig 6601 177th St. No. Deborah Seelig same Bonnie Jones 177th St. No. Joan Potts 177th St. I -,'O. Ien Champion 17530 Henna Ave. Bonita Champion 17530 Henna Ave. Bob Oswald 14081 Hyde Ave. No. Trina Oswald sare Edward Lirrmerman 6750 France, Ilpls Roger Hunt 14402 Lake Dr. A. !.-_iron 15250 Homestead ,,I_ve. Dan Goeltl 14481 Horde Donna Goeltl sane Larry Grundhofer 14954 Foxhill Ave. No. Lynn Heyer 14041 Hyde Craig I.Innell 4523 No. Hwy 61 Desyl Peterson 4344- IDS Center A!aurice Pleault 2145 Yenemy Jeiv me Perron 5959 7. Co. L•ne Ray �:smno= 4980 Johnson' June Smith 13560 Homestead Barb Olson 7800 132nd St. Dorothy I:orch 13506 Homestead Ave. Kathy Charpentier 13441 Home3tead Louis Charperitier sar:e i;Jris ren.strom 8525 140th Jiro Smith 13560 Homestead Gary -leber 7222 Oneka Lk. Blvd. Isabell Cranston 13890 Goodview Robert Cranston same Thomas Crever 12942 Ingersoll Deane Vail 5672 142nd St. Howard Schletty 6727 Egg Lake Rd. Andrew Goiffon 8124. 147th St. Herb Fortxxxx 14425 Hyde Ave. Francis Peltier 13094 Goodview Ave. Theodora Peltier same Richard Stochwiak 584-8 130th David Kelso PCA Keith forte 5923 Oneka LI. 731vd. Wenzel—Heyer 14041 Hyde Ave. James �etourneau 7893 140th STS Dedra J hnson 13775 Isleton Caren Duraine 7272 137th St. Robert Durain same Richard flail 5708 141st Geraldine 1 -layer 6549 Egg Lk. Rd. Jim Hauer 4859 126th St. Ted Schmitz 94 Ila tin :lay Jerry :Aright 2016 Otter Lk. Rd. resident 16404 7th St. resident 12116 Falcon Ave. I / 74, LlL' � g. De/borol�s�ei, 9 BonAie/ Jov�eS oc�v� po` + S C U�ti�' ny��Z3�c Z944 A/9,v �,4, /- Z- ��; 4344 -ZD5 0-e er M A-2 . 14 0 �l �-1061 sal/ s1'5 4-3�(�►o `�Jorn�,�ciq� �lxk .55c,--!�g' S�o3� �occls / 3 y y/ eZ /)/D_ ss©38 / 3 L 9'd cF �'lJ�h Z�ile r� Y /qv q! 4 C��li yI U vt Y � 5 aide S' wta 93 140�^ l� Qtr✓ G�.r��cs�, 7 7.2 1.3SCK S = -70 s cn��D� - ��y�n` % �9 LfrG-�. J�t/•/�/c. �CrG3S"/ r N o LV1 L �s /! q /Wrhv W14fres G L`^ � O March 149 1984 Dear Planning Commission For those of you in the audience who might not be aware of it, an informational meeting was held at the White Bear Lake Rod and Gun Club on March 3, 1984. Present were many members of the Hugo Planning Commission and Hugo City Council, also in attendance were the officers of the H.E.L.P. organization. The gentlemen seated at the gun club's speaker table were Mr. Maurice Neault, President, Mr. Jerry Perron, Consultant, i,r. Craig 0. Linnell, Ph.D. and Acoustical Consultant, Mr. Dave Kelso, 'idnnesota Pollution Control Agency Acoustical Department, and k1r. Robert Johnson, Attorney. In the following letter attachments, I would like to bring forth information, laws, and regulations th:3t may be applicable to this situation. First, Mr. Linnell (Ph.D.) at several points on :larch 3, 1984, stated that the 40 dba requirement was too low, and on one occasion, stated that no where in the country could he find a sound requirement anywhere close to the 40 dba as stated in the special use permit. I suggest Dr. Linnell didn't look too far. I submit as attach-nent #1 a copy of the noise ordinance for Washington County State of !•iinnesota, which on nage 105, section 724.02 states, that under certain conditions a dba, reading of 40 decibels must be met. Mr. Linnell, Ph.D., stated on ,'-.arch 3, 1984, that he thought 5 dba should be added in comparing impulsive noise to other types of noise. I stated it was 6 dba, but now find in U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Book 24, page 229, paragraph 3, attachment #2... 113. Loud Impulsive Sounds. When loud impulsive sounds such as sonic booms or explosions are anticipated contributors to the noise environment at a site, the contribution to day -night average sound level produced by the loud impulsive sounds shall have 8 decibels added to it in assessi p the acceptabilily of a site." -- Therefore, using decibel levels attained on Saturday, March 3, 1984, which were 42 dba to 53 dba we now shall add 8 decibels as per Federal regulations and we have readings of 50 dba to 61 dba, which should (2) be used for assessing the acceptability of this site. Mr. Linnell stated that he felt about 10 dba was an acceptable level of noise intrusion over the ambient background level. I now will state what the various government regulations are... Attachment 71, Washington County (state of 1,Unnesota) 724.01 "Measurement of Noise. Any activity not expressly exempted by this section which creates or porduces sound, regardless of frequency exceeding the ambient noise levels at the property line of any property by more than six decibels above the ambient noise levels as designated in the following table at the time and place and for the duration then mentioned, shall be deemed to be a violation of the ordinance." U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Book 24, page 229 also states 6 decibels are to be used when considering intrusion levels. Next, on page 224, U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Book 24, attachment J#3 states and I quote... 11(9) Interior Noise Goals. It is a H.U.D. goal that the interior auditory environment shall not exceed a day—night average sound level of 45 decibels." "Emp'nasis shall be given to noise sensitive interior spaces such as bedrooms." On March 3, 1934, there was discussion about conducting a sound test in the near future. I'd like to quote the following... Minnesota Pollution Control ygency Rules on page 155, paragraph 00 "Measurement Procedure A measurement procedure approved by the director shall be used to determine the acceptability of sound levels in a given area. Such measurements shall be made at the point of human activity in the receiving area which is nearest the noise source and which is typical for the Noise Area Clas— sification category of the receiving area." The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Book 24, page 225, attachment #4 states in regarding to measurement procedures... "The standards shall usually apply at a location 2 meters (6.5 feet) from the building housing noise sensitive activities, in the direction of the predominant noise source." Also, Attachment -#4 states... (3) "Measure of external noise environments" "is determined by the value of day -night average sound level produced as the result of the accumulation of noise from all sources contributing to the external noise environment at the site. Day -night average sound level, abbreviated as DNL and symbolized as Ldn is the 24-hour average sound level." It is interesting to note that: HUD's minimum property standards for urban and rural communities, as developed over the past 44 years are aimed at prohibiting HUD support for new construction, of noise sensitive useson sites having unacceptable noise exposure. (Above information found on page 221 and 222 book 24 C.F.H.) Another item to consider is the type of metering equipment used. The meter used on March 3, 1984, falls into the following category, and I quote from U.S. Bureau of Standards Hand Book 119, page 12, attachment ##5. "The readings of an ordinary sound -level meter will fail to indicate the true level of rapidly peaking sounds because the needle of the meter is too sluggish to follow the sharp pressure changes that occur on impulsive sounds like shots, or even the sounds of a poorly muffled internal combustion engine, which after all, derives its power from the explosions confined in combustion chambers. This makes it difficult to estimate exposure to impulsive noises." In visiting the gun club's noise abatement enclosure on March 3, 1984, I see they have framed in and made previsions for one door and two windows on the south side. This presents a new problem not yet addressed. I have specific pages from a document titled Fundamentals and Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise. The above document and its contents are used by the Minnesota Highway department. In this document they have a section titled "Holes in Barriers," which gives the following example... (Attachment #6) Barrier "A" 80 decibels on noise producing side of a barrier and then 50 decibels on receiver's side, for a 30 decibel reduction. Barrier "B" Same as above except we now have a hole which represents 10'0 of the surface area. We still have 80 decibels on noise pro- ducing side, but now have only a 4 decibel reduction, or a 76 dba reading on the receivers side, due to the 10/ hole in the barrier. Mir. Linnell stated that he thought a 10 dba reduction in sound level will occur this summer when the foliage comes out. I have attachment ##7 (4 ) prepared for the Minnesota Legislature by the Minnesota Highway Dent., dated janua.ry 1, 1980, which states... "Plantings in a buffer strip, high, dense, and thick enough to be visually opaque, will provide more attenuation than that provided by the mere distance which the buffer strip represents. A reduction of 3-5 dba per 100 feet can be expected. Shrubs or other ground cover are necessary_ in this respect to provide the required density near the ground." Fir. Linnell stated that summer weather conditions would favor the gun club more so, than the weather conditions found on I01a.rch 3, 1984. At this time I must go back to attachment #5, U.S. Department of Commerce, which shows how sound is held on the ground__the wind. In order for the wind to aid the gun club it would have to be coming out of the north. On March 3-84 gun club representatives often times indicated the 32 dba background level as stated in the court cases was to low, and more than likely we could expect to find background levels around 40-45 dba. I now submit attachment '9 1•iinnesota Pollution Control _agency Sound `Pest dated Oct. 26-1982. Test conducted '-,y i-ir. Dave Kelso. The above mentione:i test was conducted in the north end of `7u. -o Einnecota. The background results were as follows. 1. There were four sites tested aloneE _;ii7hway 6! whim had a background average of 45 dba. 2.. There were two sites tested in residential areas away fro:r_ the highway. These two sites had a background average}of 32.5 dba. The ' dba as stated by the gun club on i•arch 3-5 doesr_!t seem to far out of line with residential testing already conducted by the 1,iinnesota Pollution Control Agency in Hugo i•;innesota. Not much, if anything, was discusses about the noise health aspect, on Saturday, March 3, 1984. I'd like to quote from two articles. First, (attacirient :f"5) U.S. Department of Commerce and then the St. Paul Pioneer Press, dated December 13, 1982. (attachment =8) "(U.S. Dept. of Commerce)" "Your heart beats more quickly: breathing becomes shallower and faster; the pupils of your eyes dilate; the small blood vessels in your skin contract: your blood pressure rises." "(Everyday noise may threaten hearing, health)" "Studies thus far suggest that noise stress can result in high blood pressure, cardiovascular injury, ulcers and possibly even increased susceptibility to infection and reproductive problems." (5) I entered as attachments, two newspaper articles regarding lead poisoning. I also am entering as attachments, letters from real estate people regarding property devaluation. I am enclosing an article from the St. Paul Dispatch dated Lvov. -24-83 titled Gun Club Opposes Proposed Housing- In this article the Lake Elmo Gun Club imposes the construction of homes along 10th street. I'd like to quote Mr. McCarty, president elect of the Lake Elmo Gun Club. Illyly concern is that we're not 100 percent safe for families that close," In closing I refer to an article in the forest Lake Times, dated Jan. 25-84, which brought out three points as follows... 1. The gun club president stated that they have a - "clearer understanding of standards it must meet to open a shooting range in Hugo" 2. Mrs. Smith from the organization stated that - "Noise from the site is still 'HELP's major concern. The 40 decibel limit is adeau-,te_in her opinion. 3. mr. Johnson, Hugo City attorney, stated that - "The conditions placed on the permit are still bindin&. The conditions include a_40 decibel limit on gunshot noise at all property lines. ;•�y opinions are as follows... 1. Some progress has been made at the west property line (in line with the shooters), but the readings observed on Saturday, ,varch 3, 1934, with -out correction factors added to them, are still far in excess of these allowed in the conditions. 2. yt the other sites down range, one on Homestead Ave. and 147th St., - the other on Oneka Lake Blvd. The readings with correction factors applied would be 54-51 dba range, almost 4 times the sound level allowed in the conditions. I feel the readings down range must be brought under control before, any future testing is done by the three parties. 3. The subject of noise -Health related problems hasn't received much attention in past proceedings. Therefore, I ask all parties to devote considerable time to this subject before making future decisions. Thank you, :art Potts •] 1 gra I bottles or other nuisances which may injure any person or ani- mal or may cause damage to any pneumatic tire when passing over the same. (2) The ownership, possession or control of any unused refrigera- tor or other container, with doors which fasten automatically when closed, of sufficient size to retain any person, and which is exposed and accessible to the public, without re- moving the doors, lids, hinges or latches, or providing locks to prevent access by the public. 724. Noise Control. 724.01. Noise Prohibited. It shall be unlawful to make, continue • or cause to be made or continued any noise in excess of the noise levels set forth unless such noise be reasonably necessary to the preservation of life, health, safety or property. 724.02. Measurement of Noise. Any activity not expressly exempted by this section which creates or produces sound regardless of frequency exceeding the ambient noise levels at the property line of any property (of if a con o um or apartment house within any adjoining apartment by more than six (6) decibels above the ambient noise levels as desig- nated in the following table at the time and place and for the duration then mentioned, shall be deemed to be a violation of the ordinancq, but any enumeration herein shall not be deemed to be exclusive. 6:00 P.M. -10:00 P.M. (residential districts) Duration and of 7:00 A.M.-6:00 P.M. 6:00 P.M. -7:00 A.M. 10:00 P.M. -7:00 A.M. Sound (all districts). (all other districts) (residential districts) Less than 10 Minutes 75db 70db 60db Between 10 minutes and 2 hours 70db 60db SOdb In excess of 2 hours 60db SOdb 40db In determining whether a particular sound exceeds the maximum permis, sible sound level in the above table: (1) sounds in excess of the resi- dential district limitations as measured in a residential district or other district; (2) during all hours of Sundays and State and Federal Holidays,' the maximum allowable decibel levels for residential districts are as set forth in Column III of the table. Sounds emanating from the.operation of; (1) motor vehicles on public highways; (2) aircraft; (3) outdoor implements such as power lawn mowers, -105- /fit'+'� c // ///--r h/ /� TTA A c, 1 a l�;,v # / y .. Ilousing and Urbaii s , Development e i!1�1; �,�` "� j L,nll!,.11-�,rlT� :Ir''{ !!+ r�.•,Y ck 7if IL cs' Revised as of 'April 1, 1983 a: .la ` p r�" Y � t 4 r i ' .. .-'.{nom -17 ,f .ifs .: • 1 /'� _ y> Y r, •F y���a �• . . .. If�SklflW--J \ •,' 7.11\ � �/ 4'� � r w n i-. h ♦.. J' F § 51.102 Title 24—Housing and Urban Development land UA(• and bttdOing votisl l m-1 iott $ 51.102 1temponsi11ilities. practices, and 10 foster hel.ter tinderr- (a) Authority to approve prQiccts. (1) :standing of the consequences of noise. recisions on proposed projects with It. shall be HUD's policy to issue imitl• acceptable noise exposures shall he anee: docurnents periodically to assist delegated to the program personnel HUD personnel to as:;tgninr:ul accept.- within field offices, including projects ability category to projerls in at-cor'i where increased noise levels are eon once with noise exposure s1:uxl:uds• In sidcred arecpl•ablr because of non evaluating noise at.tenual ion nu :►surv.-;, acoustic benefils under § 51.105(:►)- ' and in advising local agencies :(boll. Field office program personnel may e noise ahatement. strategics. '[ he ►Quid- also approve projects in normally un I afire documents shall be up(laleed peri acceptable noise exposed areas where odically in accordance with advances adequate sound :►LLcnual.ion is pro- r in the state-of-ltx :u!. vided and where the project docs not. (7) Cons!ruchou equipment. build- require an Environmental Impact ing equiptncnl (tett opplianecs. 11111) Statement under § 51.1(140). shall encourau;c I.he use of quitter con- (2) Other approvals to normally ern- I Iuct.ion equiptnersl. and 1111.1 huch in acceptable noi:w exposed areae; require :t pteptttail ion centers, the use of gtrieler I.he concurrence of the Regional Ad t equips►cert and :tVIllruu•es to building`• Intl i. rater. t` and the use of approprialc noise (3) Requests for approvals of proj• " abatement, techniques in (it(, de:su;n of ects or portions of projec.-I.s with ur►ar- t' residential M-ructurus wil.h l,ultnlial cept.able not:;e exposures shall be re- si noise Problems• ferrel through the Regional Office to 't ' 1. f 4 I (8) F.rttv-lor uoase t/r,uls. It, is .1 IIIIU (he Assistant. -secretary for Comminii• it goal than exterior noise levels do nut ty Planning and Development. fur at)- exceeda_day-night average sui►nd levet proval pursuant to § 51.104(h). v' of 55 decibels. This - level iti reeorn (4) In cases where the Regio -ml A(I• p mended by the Environmental Protec- rninistrat.or determines that an impor- tlon Agency ns a goal for outdoors in tint precedent or issue is in• ,tved, residential areas. The Ievelp rccom• such cases shall be referred a it h rve- mended by EPA are not. standards and ommendations to the Assi:;tant Secre• i )^. do not take into account cost or feasi- tart' for Community Planrinl. .14 I)1. bility. For the purposes of this regula- velopment•. tion and to meet other program objec- (b) Surveillance of nor::, ►„abler► ►c Lives, sites with a day -night average areas. Appropriate fit'1d >;t:),ff shall 1.!t sound level of 65 and below are accept- maintain surveillance of poitnl ial able and are allowable (see Standards noise problem areas and ;,& tse tocai t I: In § 51.103(c)). officials, developer:;. and planning t tr (0) Interior noise goals. It is HUD groups of the unaccel,r:0)ihly Ili sites goal that the interior auditory_enyl- because of noise ex) u:;urc :at eI►e carli- t/.. - rishall not exceed a day -night mmeht. est possible Ilme in the tics i:aeon ;)roe average sound level of 45 decibels. At- ess. Every alte►u)tl shall tar 11lade to i tenuation measures to meet these trite- Insure that a1q>h<;u1i:.' :.,I1. chia.'t- Arc Olt; Iior goals shall, be employed where consistent with t.hc Iw1wq :u:.l feasible. Emphasis shall be given to ards contained lwi,•in. [r, noise sensitive interior spaces such as (c) Notice l•) app- -a AI 1h:• ••arlt bedrooms. Minimum attenuation re- est possible slal:t. 111:l) t)ru►:rant ad- quirements are prescribed in ministrators sleall: l . § I0-i(M. (1) Determine the suitability of the ' (101 4couslical privacy in n►feltiJafn- acoustical environment of proposed al -i buildings. IIIII.) shall require the projects; Ilse of bi ilding design and acoustical (2) Notify applicants of any adverse t.rcatrnent to afford acoustical privacy 1 Y or questionable situations; and Acm. � Hoerr.. in r,'ultitamil:►' hitildinu vi,,rsnant tc. (3) Assure that pro.prct►.ve PP"i- requtrentents of I he Minimum Proper cants are apprised of the standards t)• Standard:;. contained herein so that future site _ 224 ..__ _... _ .,_ _ -_ _._ G Subtitle A—Office of the Secretory shall be evaluated to determine its ef. fectivene:Ss• and impact on design and aesthetic quality. circulation and other environmental factors. APPENDIX— DEFINITION or AcousTICAL QIIANTITIE5 I. Sound Level. The quantity in decibels measured will) an instrument satisfying re- quirements of American National Standard Specification for Type I Sound Level Meters SIA -1971. Vast 1111'w—averaging and A -Ire. quency weiglaing arc to be used. unless others are specified. The sound level meter Appendix with the A-weigill.int; is progressively less sensitive to sounris of frequency below 1.000 hertz. (cycles per second), somewhat as is the ear. With frust time averaging the sound level meter responds particularly to recent sounds almost as quickly as does the ear in Judging the loudness of a sound. 2. Average Sound level. Average sound level. in decibels, is file level of the mean. square A -weighted sound pre.sw►re during the stated time period, with reference to tilt. square of the standard reference sound pressure of 20 rnicropasc:tls. Day -night avoral;e sound level, abbruviat ed as DNL, and symbolized mathematically as 1". is defined as: •rr0 rILA(t)�ICt I'lu run 1p G01•(:V `/ 10 6000 aj06 L/,t.l C)/]0 ,0. 10 tt. L Tont. t is nl seconds. so tilt, limil.s shown ih hours and minutes arc actually ihlt.rprelcd Ill s v eller 1.,,41., 1:: till' little varyllig vaille Irl A weil:ntoo SU111U1 11•t•el, Ille g11:tlll.li5. In drrihr•Is nwasured by :ill ilititrun►enl salisf.V n: re•luirr 11vilt:, of American National -� ;:urr):u'rl !;pec ilic:diole for Typo 1 sound I:r tel M11c Ir IA 1971. 3. l.,•,rd hnpulstrc Sul,nds, When loud inl- pulsite sounds such W1 sonle booms or explo siotts arc :00161)alr•d rorllributo►:s to tilt. nr.isc envirojiment A a site. tilt- varll.ribu- lion to o.tv night :rtrrage sound level pro- durrd Ivy "It' loud t►npulsle ' sounds shall \ filly it is. ibt. I: :ru;lr rl lu it in :Isse•ssillm the �. `:1r>.rplan,hly •,: a :;llv. A A loud unpnl:.no ..11urld i defined for the• plt.,I: ea 1 1 Illi:, r,•t•I:I:ltion as oil(. for which: ci- 7'bo ::01110 i•; dctinable us a disert.te etc nt tvht. n In t he sound level Increases to a m;t.xi+ulna ::ud 111041 decreases in a total time 1:•, :ni 111 approxinlalely one second or leas ;t.t. the :unb:eerl background level that exists Q) without Ihc• sound: and j,h Inaxlnll►fit sound level (obtained lmi. and A- weighting of ;d✓^��' 1 11:1, a to : meter whose character - .,,:It ANSI SI+1971) exceeds t ua Wild le tr! plior to the onset ­of —the hv1 111 by ai 1< L l G eli iikigs_, itnd (ill) Ibe mrxf►llunl sound level obtained with fast averaging tittle of a sound level meter exceeds I.hr- maximum value obtained will) slow averaging time by at. least 4 deef- bt Is. �I.Oe IL(t )•! A 1 0 t! t a 100 PART 52 --IMPLEMENTATION OF OMB CIRCULAR NO. A- 95 Subpart A—Gonural Provisions Sec. 52.1 Scope and applicability. .5'S.2 Ut.►ilut ion.. 52.3 1{rsponsibllitus I. r:•,Ilnuustratioll. Subpart B—Proiucl Notification and Rgvi*W Procedures 82.100 Goncl'at. 52.101 Ite quh'elocnL•; alrphrrthle to .111 ifUD grog r hills. 52.102 flousil,t: program.%. 52.103 Community Development 11ioc•k Grants. 52.104 Freeslandint: Ilousinl; Assistance Plans. (ReservedI 52.105 Assistance for new conn,, ollitio.s. 52.106 Comprehensive IjI:uxling :ls: ist:uu'c 62.107 National flood insurance prorrant. 52.108 Federal Disaster Assistance 1,::, gram. 52.106 Areawide liousirlg Opportunity Plans. Subpart C--Oth*r Circular Raquir*moMs 52.200 Direct Federal I)cvelopinent. Me. served) 52.201 State plans. 229 �l a �e / �/ - Y •7. Subtitle A—Office of the Secretory Choices will be consisfenl with these standards. (d) Technical assistance. 'L'rchnic:ll assistance in the measurement., esti- mation, i'it erl,retation, or prediction Of noise exposure is available from the Office of Conurttlnity Planning; and Developnlerll and the Office of Policy DtivelupnM•nt and Research. Field offi('c qlu:titions shall be forwarded 1,111•otlt;fl the Itel;tortal Office I the As- :.:•;t:u1( ;Secretary lilt- Community Plan- ning; and I )eeelopinent or his designee. (e) /?IL rvlcl,orinu'ntal coordination. I.:cl;ional Adr;iaw;Iralors sll:til foster al'1lroprla1r roordinatJoel between field offices :old other departments and agencies, parlil•lllat-ly Lhe 1•Invirottnten. Lal Prolve ion Agency, the I)eg>at•t- Ioenl of '1'r-MISPor1at•ion. Departmeul of Uefensr repre:cenlafivl:s. and Ilw Vvitir:tu:: Adminisinition. IIIIU stall shall utilize Lhe acceplahilily sland arils in c•onillivill irig on the pro:;gu•cl h c iln;xtcls of transportation twilihe�% anti other solst• w,neralors ill the 1•.11• vu•onmetit:tl Ilnp:tel Slalenlenl revle.t' !i 5I.141:1 4'rill•ria and hand:u•ds. '11:41se slwk'Lilds apply to all pro. i.farlo.i :;:. indivaled o► : 5!. fill. _ cc,l) :1lrrtsurr "� c.lYcrnu! rtotsc cfrei- ron 'Rents. Thr Ill: 1!1ifI u; ll' of I is ex- t� In:II uoi::r ,-ironlliviii it a site is lel r,nuncll b� Illc value of IIre dav_ loran :,ler::tae sounl) level produced as _— 0W rrsull of the .l(•l 11111ul1lotoise trc,nt all CI;l1rc1 :S cont runt*-) to f _ l ::fernal l/el:•r environmew al he site. Day -night aver:ive sound level, abbre. Viated as W11. and S1'mbollzi d ' s L,,,, , .s Cie 24 hour acerae s6tifij lei t,1. in Ai TI .-k. obtained after addition of 10 :hrihel> to sound levels ht file nighl. from 11) g,.nt. to 4 a.,,,. Mathemallcal g,resion • for average sound level § 51.103 alld day nighf atfr;lge solind Icvlrl arc slated in Ih,.. Appi ildix. (b) Luuri sort►tlls. On an i iLrlrit iia r%., w'I� a I�nul irnpul:ave sounds. such as exl•losions or sonic boosts. are exguv'ieuced at. a Sil.e, [lit - (I .1ysig;llt_ atl•rr, ,nlntd level pro. - duced by lu•1d n)►ulsive sounds alone shall ll:tvi• 11-deribcl:; added to i _fn atiscssing; the -t!:Lv tahitil.v of the site. (see Appendix ). Alternatively, 1 he C-weivilled &IS 1111:111 average sotll►d level (L,,,„) slay h.• usrd wil.hotlt. the tf decibel addihon. :t:. inllicaled in See - lion 51.1OG1;111;t) Me I hod% for ass.••;s• iDg; the eonlrlbll!,:In of !old inl.,utsitr sounds to (1;1> 11:011. average :sound If•vf'I al a :;it(- x1,11 lliathcntatiral ex pression.” lot* ,lel. ! nonir►Ic whether a sound i:, cla,:;sed at "loud impulsive.. :ire providf.t to Ihl Ac,in•ndix. (c) A*.•'!.•,tor •tWidlilds. (l) '1114• degree of teee11(al'ilify of the Iroise ell- viroluoenl ::1 a siir i, determined by lilt, soured !e•,l+, rxferlial to imildings of of hlv f;w11ll les contailltttic lloise ;,-If- ::itit, The:a;llld<udsshall usualiv :1>�,ly n1,a Io<:Lliou 'l lneters (fi.5 feet) 11'utll 1111 11111tAlla; IIUIItiII1R Itllltie tientil- tltl Ili till' direction of Ohl! Irl <i1�11�iici!�1_ noitie _:Duret. Where the building local loll Is ull�determined, Ile Amidards :h::ll ;apply 2 meters (6.5 Ili"" Iron) the b;llldinl; setback like rival 1st Io the pirdominaltl. poise sollt-ee. 'f lel• :Aa nI'll d:; :.I►all also apply at other local i:m:: tk here it is ttliurd (1::11 (Iulel :. A000r spare is re. (Iuirt'd in :u1 al. a ;: il'lll;lly lu the pliu Opal lea• 1111 1,114 ::11,• buildini; t:; con>allrrl d :ucepi:ogle if: (i) The ►loisr enviloilloom exl.ernal to the building; c.,ntg,lies with these Static; arils, aial (it) lilt, hutl(ling is consU'uct e(1 in a nimowl ruuunun to the area or. if of ulle(IM lett constidelion, has at least, the e(luivalenf noise attenuation characterim ivs. SIZE AccEPTABIIIfV STANDARD:; Day -14711 o,waite a.)und gavel (III rl.y •l,•dsr SP -11 'at appnwal5 and 11!IIUIrU1M91tS Af.CMp1:N,10 NO u.ply: hr•p til Jf9(1) fJ �.•• Nonnn('y Undo,,::td,lo I Abovu bS (1,U bol (cl u,lcra.d.np P. q cmf Approvals (P) 1 ""H'uu..• ..ial flow"W ('l) Mlors,aUun (4) tlnnt...,ploblo AW -75 illi:ll App. oval. (:1) 225 AL /vI /t if �- // - /�-/ - �- `-1 71,m /i ,I r L� /vI /t if �- // - /�-/ - �- `-1 71,m /i ,I r L� PART 51—ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND STANDARDS Subpart A—General Provisions See. 51.1 Purpose. 51.2 Authority. 51.3 Responsibilities. 51.4 Program coverage. 51.5 Coordination with cnvit•onmental clearance requirements. Subpart B—Noise Abatement and Control 51.100 Purpose• ,ilei :wt horny. 51.101 General policy. 51.102 Responsibililics. 51.103 Criteria aml NI- mlards. 51.104 Special reituirements. 51.105 Exceptions. 51.106 Implement at ion. APPENDix -- DEr1NIT1oN or ACotISTICAL QUAN- TITIES AUTIlo1i1TY: See. 7((t). DepartineW of IIUD Act. (42 U.S.C. 3535(d)). Souitm 44 Pit 40861. July 12. 1979, unless otherwise noted. Subpart A—General Provisions 451.1 Purpose. The Department of Housing and Urban Development is providing pro- rram Assistant Secrehiries and admin- istrators and field offices with envi ronmental staedards, criteria and guidelines for determining project ac- ceptability and necessary mitigating measures to insure that activities as - listed by the Departmentachieve the goal of a suitable living environment. ti CiL2 .lulhurily. This part. implements the Depart- ment's responsibilities under the fol- lowing stat.utcs: (a) The National Mousing Act of 1934 (Pub. L. 73-479) which was en- acted "it) encourage Improvements In housing standards and conditions, to provide a systet► of mutual mortgage insurance, and for other purpoties,'. thus providing the balls for IIt)l-)'s Minimum Property Standards (NIPS) which have evolved as required by leg- islation over the past 44 years. (b) The Housing Act. of 1949 (Pub. L. 81-171) which sets forth the national goal of "a decent borne and a suitable living environment• for every American family." affirmcd by the housing :old Urban Developn)cni Act, of 1968 (Pub. , L. 90-4 4 8 1. (c) The 1)epal-1meat of Housing and j Urban 1)eve•loonm•r►1. Act of 1965 Will). L. 89-174) which provides that. the Secretary may nr:eke such rules and regulations as may be necessary to i carry out: iunct ions. powers. .ural duties, and sets forth, :es a matter of national purpose, the sound develop- ment of the N:t(ima': cominimitit and metropolitan areas. (d) The Nalional Eiivironinental Policy Act of 1961) (Pub. 1.. 91-190) j which directs Federal agencies to de- velop procedures to carry out the pul- l poses of the Act.. (c) 1titcrltovet�n'tit nl_al Cooperation Act. o 1968 ( Puli. I., _JQ 577)_.which, under Title IV, directs that. Federal urograms and projects serve the obiee- tives of ajipiropi•i:etc land use for hour; _ink;, commerriul, industrial, govern- mental. institutional, and other pur- 1►cisi�s t.o ar.lu�w sound an orderly d� _ veto »ne�nl of c)II__e_rg>slboth urban and rural._ C 51.:1 (tespoli'didtties. (a) elssialtitit st-crelarU Jor Commit - 101V P1(ut:tittY cerin Development. ']'fit- Assistant 'heAssist:ent Secretor;; for Community Planning and Dv%clillnuent shall be re- sponsible for administering environ mental regidat.hnts. and shall provide oversight, interpretation and guid- ance, and sitall upd.-tc the regulations as required. The Assistant Seercl:iry shall also Inamiam liaison with ollivi- Federal agencies on matters of cnvi• rollment.al polis.;; impicn►entation. (b) Assistant Net-reta)y for Polict De- velopntent and Rese•arc•h. 1'hc A.isiit- ant Seertlar•Y fe.r Policy llevrlopn:,vN and 1icscarch ••hall uttder(ake re search and ciemunst.ration stn.iie:s nec- essary for the i ehnical development of envirmir u•ntai standards, criteria, and implernerltinir techniques as a basts for the development mud imple- mentation of environmental regula- tions. The Assistant Secretary shall also maintain liaison with Federal agencle•s on related technical matters. (c) Other Asstsshiat Secretaries. Ad- ministtulurs, mid the General Counsel. V § 51.4 Title 24—Housing and Urban Development 01her Assistant. Sceretaries. Arhninis- a threat. to the serenity and qualityo t raf.ov% and the Ueneral Counsel life inpopulation _ centers_ and that Shall: noise exposure may be a cause of ad - (1) Incorporate *WO N.rd cnvironmen• vcrsc pfiy§iological and s choloelcal t.al regulat.iow. by it -here -rice into pro- effects as w_e economic losses grain regulations. 1:uickst ve documents, -y—' +• :d administrative :or cn ; and procc- It is the purpose of this subpart to: ,I,:r-,.,;;(D-Call attention to the threat, of I r,:valuale the vticct, of, and com- noise pollution. :11 unci with I vImilim-tit.ai environ- (2) Encourage the control of noise at o•r- :it;►1 iet;ulal+un:; Irerlic:y and report is ifu ani. is:ar+:; and prohlesits to the A.s.Asl..-ml. Si-crr•lary for Community 1'Inlmintt and Dvvelopnicnt. aid (::) ;Jvilif! Inmrain ao-t)s under tlu i. .ill risdict.iors in which additional r1 troninewal regulat.imns are needed. au4i refer them to the A:;siJant Seere- tary for Community Planning and De- .Aoprrmenl.. (d) Regional Admiuistrators, Area Oi/ice Managers and Service Office svprmisors. Regional Administrators. Alen Office Manal;ers and Service Office Supervi.-mrs :;hall assure that adopted environmental regulations are implemented in relation to program decisions and recommendations. They shall also monitor projects to assure that mitigation measures are imple- mented. 9 51.4 Program coverage. Environmental standards shall apply to all HUD actions except where spe- cial provisions esid exemptions are contained in each subpart. h515It' ordination with environmental clearance reyuirementa. Lnvironmental standards shall be implemented prior to commitment In the decision-making process and. where environineni.al clearances are required, the decision points shall be identical. Compliance with HUD envi- ronmental standards shall be ad- dressed in the environmental clear- ance process. Subpart 8—Noise Abatement and Control 951.100 Purpose and authority. its source in cooperation with other Federal departments and agencies, (3)�Enco�ura 4e land use patterns for Nous nl —andother- noise sensitive urban needs that will provide a suit- able uit-a e separa on .Cwet;n ffiein .*-tit major noise sources:"-- - �- - (4) Gene y prohibit HUD support for new construction of noise sensitive uses on sites having unacceptable_ Boise exposure: - (5) Provide policy on the use of structural and other noise at.tenuatiot► measures where needed: and (6) Provide policy to ridde Imple mentation of various HUD programs. (b) Authority. Specific authorities for noise abatement and control are contained in: (1) The Noise Control Act of 1972 (Pub. L. 92--574) which directs Federal agencies to administer their programs in ways which reduce noise pollution. (2) The Quiet Communities Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-609) which amended (3) The General Services Adminls- tration, Federal Management Circular 75-2: Compatible Land Uses at Federal Air>Telds prescribes the Executive Branch's general policy with respect to achieving compatible land uses on either public or privately owned prop- erty at or in the vicinity of Federal airfields. (4) Section 1113 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 (Pub. L. 89-117) directs the Secretary "• • • to determine feasible methods of re- ducing the economic loss and hard- ships suffered by homeowners as a result of the depreciation in the value of their properties following the con ca) Purpose. The Department of struction of airports in the vicinity of Ifousinl; and Urban Development fiftj their homes. including a study of fea- that noise is a maior source of envi- sible methods of insulating such rc►ntrlental polltilionwhwhich represents homes from the noise of aircraft." 222 your eyes dilate; the small blood -vessels in your skin contract; your blood pressure rises. These are the actions of a body arousing itself to escape. During sleep the sound level. need only exceed 55 (lit toy produce changes resembling the waking stress; for 70 dB. ' You can become "accustomed" to the noises in your environment. but all that this means Is that you can become accustomed to cllminatinl; the noise from your conscious nttention. The physiological effects persist. If you are compelled to work in noisy surroundings, the- only warnings of :u:on.t Ical]Y-.Lnduce(I stress may he sipns of fatigue and nervous strain. 1::xper[ments with nnesthetized animal, show than the stress reactions persist at the same levf•ls whether'or not the animal Is aware of them. Adaptation to the s1:rr.ss dues not orrur. Studies of noise reactions of people living in crowded neighborhoods also have shown that, over a period of years, the rate and kinds of complaints about noise did not change. No one knows how many of tile. atres,t-indnrrd dtsenses of our modern era are made more prevalent by the rising noise. levels In our densely -populated cities. l: t Ihat (he.:e 1eve Is do not affect 11"ar11)l;. .:or d;� the results mean that all n)l.e ,hould be excluded. Studies of the effects of noise upon wort: indicate that some degree of ambient: sound (which might as (sell be paras:ant, such as the sounds of a fountain, or background mus Lc) helps maintain arousal during repetitious tasks; only the vary highly -demanding mental tasks are done Netter in wholly quiet surrot,ndingr.. Noise damage to hearing is an insidious process. The Innnedtate effvct s do not always indlcate the ulLimate results of exposure. Exposure to a mildly er.ce,r:ivc noise level results In a temporary de,ensLtfzatton of the ear, the so -called "t.emporary threshold shift", a temporary However, this pattern of threshold nine and recovery sometimes goes on through a number of cycles without any further ev.tdeitce of damage, and then there may be n sudden failure co make complete recovery. This permanent: effect - "noise-induce(I permanent tItreslit) I d shaft", sometimes abbreviated in capitals as NIPTS - is a sensorineural hearing loss. That is, the damage is located at the auditory nerve, itse.lf:,'with serious consequences. Studles of NIPTS over a period of I:Imc have (shown some evidence that person. are particularly .likely to suffer hearing damage when they are going through pity, io.logIraI change or enduring physical stress such as rapid growth or illness. Thus, the common practice among, teenagers of listening to extremely loud amplified mu,ic for long periods of time, espec.lall.y through earphones, may have very serious consequences. Young persons:. In particular, frequently engage in several Irtiv[Lles each of which may be sufficiently noisy to constitute a hearing hazard. For example,. It in not unusual. for a high school student- to tudentto earn spending -money during srn•tmor vacation by mowing; neighborhood :lawns with a I.ypIcaI, usually very noisy, power The same per -on also may rehearse sev,•ral hours a week with a loud rook and roll )tan:!. Lhen play for hours aL the Saturday nll:ht dance. And f ina.11y for erciI:em, •nU 1r recreation, the sLudont. may upend air: leisure time riding a powerful but 110 !!:y motorcycle., water skiing behind a 1111:.-, high - speed motorboat, or perIInp^ !:1(ec•t• shooting at the gunnery rnuge. A]thouc;h no one of these actLv.ltIes may catu.e army lion rtng impairment for short or inftegnent. exposures, Lhey cannot be taken all toga•thrr at frequent JitLervrtls without rl-1l,lug hearing damage. P11ECAUTIONS WARNING 01: Because we hove no rcllable way to predict. the degree of permanent: lo.s from temporary tItreshoI(I shift, a conservative policy is to avoLd situation, Chapt.•r 7 .Tt�lf7/�t'/f ..- -• y' � d NOISE AS A 1 EAL I'll HAZARD When you are In n sound field whose lons of the ability to detect faint sounds. level a. read oil it r+ututd•-level meter in 70 Noliten :Ilkcl.y to muse a temporary threnhold (lit or more, even though you know consciously shift are encountered during subway rider; that you art, In no hnzard, some part of your and -aIr.pl.ane Lt- Ips. Sonic degree of body tries to run away. The signs of this temporary threshold shift may be detectable are the common symptoms of nervous stress: even on the day following exposure, but Your heart beats more quickly; breathing ultimate recovery cnn be complete. becomes shallower and faster; the pupils of your eyes dilate; the small blood -vessels in your skin contract; your blood pressure rises. These are the actions of a body arousing itself to escape. During sleep the sound level. need only exceed 55 (lit toy produce changes resembling the waking stress; for 70 dB. ' You can become "accustomed" to the noises in your environment. but all that this means Is that you can become accustomed to cllminatinl; the noise from your conscious nttention. The physiological effects persist. If you are compelled to work in noisy surroundings, the- only warnings of :u:on.t Ical]Y-.Lnduce(I stress may he sipns of fatigue and nervous strain. 1::xper[ments with nnesthetized animal, show than the stress reactions persist at the same levf•ls whether'or not the animal Is aware of them. Adaptation to the s1:rr.ss dues not orrur. Studies of noise reactions of people living in crowded neighborhoods also have shown that, over a period of years, the rate and kinds of complaints about noise did not change. No one knows how many of tile. atres,t-indnrrd dtsenses of our modern era are made more prevalent by the rising noise. levels In our densely -populated cities. l: t Ihat (he.:e 1eve Is do not affect 11"ar11)l;. .:or d;� the results mean that all n)l.e ,hould be excluded. Studies of the effects of noise upon wort: indicate that some degree of ambient: sound (which might as (sell be paras:ant, such as the sounds of a fountain, or background mus Lc) helps maintain arousal during repetitious tasks; only the vary highly -demanding mental tasks are done Netter in wholly quiet surrot,ndingr.. Noise damage to hearing is an insidious process. The Innnedtate effvct s do not always indlcate the ulLimate results of exposure. Exposure to a mildly er.ce,r:ivc noise level results In a temporary de,ensLtfzatton of the ear, the so -called "t.emporary threshold shift", a temporary However, this pattern of threshold nine and recovery sometimes goes on through a number of cycles without any further ev.tdeitce of damage, and then there may be n sudden failure co make complete recovery. This permanent: effect - "noise-induce(I permanent tItreslit) I d shaft", sometimes abbreviated in capitals as NIPTS - is a sensorineural hearing loss. That is, the damage is located at the auditory nerve, itse.lf:,'with serious consequences. Studles of NIPTS over a period of I:Imc have (shown some evidence that person. are particularly .likely to suffer hearing damage when they are going through pity, io.logIraI change or enduring physical stress such as rapid growth or illness. Thus, the common practice among, teenagers of listening to extremely loud amplified mu,ic for long periods of time, espec.lall.y through earphones, may have very serious consequences. Young persons:. In particular, frequently engage in several Irtiv[Lles each of which may be sufficiently noisy to constitute a hearing hazard. For example,. It in not unusual. for a high school student- to tudentto earn spending -money during srn•tmor vacation by mowing; neighborhood :lawns with a I.ypIcaI, usually very noisy, power The same per -on also may rehearse sev,•ral hours a week with a loud rook and roll )tan:!. Lhen play for hours aL the Saturday nll:ht dance. And f ina.11y for erciI:em, •nU 1r recreation, the sLudont. may upend air: leisure time riding a powerful but 110 !!:y motorcycle., water skiing behind a 1111:.-, high - speed motorboat, or perIInp^ !:1(ec•t• shooting at the gunnery rnuge. A]thouc;h no one of these actLv.ltIes may catu.e army lion rtng impairment for short or inftegnent. exposures, Lhey cannot be taken all toga•thrr at frequent JitLervrtls without rl-1l,lug hearing damage. P11ECAUTIONS WARNING 01: Because we hove no rcllable way to predict. the degree of permanent: lo.s from temporary tItreshoI(I shift, a conservative policy is to avoLd situation, cnhan,•,•,f by 1,1.111-•ncaIt, ch.n},c:: In the p11yninlogy of the body, aft In adolened,11ce.) 1f Ir: a fart til t per>:nnc: Ito nolvy uccupat- Inn . antf w til nol,y avocet logon ore found genrr'ItIV to have vnrlourr degreee of prrrnanenl. Sell"Orine111.al hea11111: Among the pleanure:i having more devaSCat.ing rnn,equences are ror.k monis, target shooting and 8not.•rnobi.l.ing. Hearing lass Jue to gunshot In warfare is very prevalent. The readings of an ordinary sound -level meter will fail to indicate the true level of rnpidl.y peaking sounds because the needle Of the meter is too sluggish t0 follow the sharp pressure changes that occur on impulsive sound, like shots, or even the sounds of .a poorly -muffled internal clmbustion engine, which after all, derives Its power from the explosions confined in combustion chambers. akes it dlfflcult to estimate exposure sto mimpulsive noises. HEARING PKO'1'f:C'1•I0N We are hampered in preventing a great deal of hearing los, hecau8e of a degree of bravado thnC causes some People to shun wearing•hearing protecttion• Since hearing 1089 is subtle and invisible, perhaps it seems illOglcal to choose a visible means of protection, Some types of ear protectors are shown in Fig. 2-4• 5imhle insert-tyPe ear protectors are u�::tble uhere pc•rh:tp:, 10-20 fill of protection i:: suffirlc•nt t„ PIIminate the chance of henrinf' los,. 11, grnernl, these are more (If fortivr f n r high-frequenr.y sounds Such an whlStle, Chan for low -frequency sounds such all m:trhinery nnfsv or Jet turbulence. Cot - Lon wnrrl In the e. -ors Is not very effective, only a little hotter than a nothing. However,, in pinrh, yon can Jcrlve some rc:t.l help from cotton snaked in easel ne or soft wax (lo tnrre.ise It..; mars and s and pre.-'sedcallrtl: Power), Commcr,'f:tl ear Jiro(octorsln S(ctthe'•c�def nrmahlc ,in PIAS ASL tYl- provide ,fill bettor pr/tr,'t Cert• At nl„si you can cc,unt on internally -worn ear protector, for a 10•-20 fill r•^•furf Inn. Keal Iv effertive protect loll Is nff,•t,.,l flynvrt-the-ear un11fc1, whl�h In„1< Ilke n t•e.latJvc,l)• .1 :1r-f:c' ]'alit' of h,•ndphnnc•::. 'inn may have .^.ec•n there en the pers•onn, I 1•:nrkln At ai.rpc,rtn. lr•r mar.imnm protection, both mufI's and fn,erIS maty be 1.11711. liven fhc 61mbin.tfJnn of muff:; a not oar protec; tor•, 12 110wevl•r1 Gln offer I.Ittll` IIIDre flirt 11 411 ilii Pro' "'I (ern, for sol4lrl can ent,•r the body by other p:11,112”entering via the the -Rt clvll:y, the throat, and the bones of the Joeatl. TI' You translate that Informntlon into the conditions of your environment, you Cannot rconaln for jolly lcnf;lh of time: ar•olrnd noon d levels in excess of 120 dlt without wn.11irlg yourself. off from the source of -Rounds. Tit operating noisy machinery, workmen may f.lnd It necessary to observe and control tilt• Oparal:ion from the window of an 1-RoJatlon booth. If you are conrerned about appearances, be assured that these are not as obvinnn as hearing loss, for a hearing loss at high frequent:tes destroy, the r,::feree that enahl<'-R Vol, to monitor your Own speak ing. Not only do you have trouble hearing other Pelplo, h4,cause vour hearing loss Slurs and obliterateS tile. consonant Sound:; of speech, your own speech becomes like what Vol, henr. flow can you protect your hearing? 7'he following notes may fit, e Avoid Situations Where 1• You have to raise your voice to converse with anyone. 2• Ordinary Melodic music sounds discordant. 3• You can't manage telephone. tto talk over he 4. Sharp noises, are repealedIy making, your ears ring. loud. S. Everything seems too britlit and too G. 'file racket makes It c11 ff ti. t to "think stratght1% 7. You begin to feel ,letached and a lite v (fizzy. fl - in a short whLle you begin to feel tired and dazed. 9• The noise makes you feel Seasick. Your ]fearing May 11;lVe Itcgun To I)cfot'.InraCr When it Seems Thal. 1• Yon have troul,le r'ecns.:nlzlnf; what Is snt.l from the Stage or polish. You have to ask ,et„Ir to what. Ihey say. 1 1 r,y,ent a• People ark Volt to airy. t'c•prnl: 1; hat Voll 4 • 1'eu to ,c` t he f hr earl nl rmly, r :at Inn al the dinner table. 5• The hlyds :;ee,n to hav,, Slul,pc cl singing. f • 1•c,u miss the Lele_phone bell or 1:11c doorhe 1.1 . . 0 � tier SLI Ipplllb' W111 a1Av W1lluUWb W1L11 ALOU1,LIC L11.0 UL �,,'%.erve energy by reducing air sound absorbent lining. i and making it easier to tr:llntain constant indoor t,. _,•ratures. sial or caulk all openings or tr:lt.ions through walls ;.articularly around water or gas , i., ,,, electrical cables, and I.11-igerant lines. ,•, covcr mail slots in doors; install t,inge(I cover plates on clothes dryer heat vents, bathroom and :Itchen exhaust ducts, and central •uur.1 system dust discharge Close the fireplace damper, 13,stall close -fitting cover plates Replace existing hollow -core st clean-out openings and erect a I I -inch (13 mm) thick removable, 1:1 ywOod barrier in front of the �1 f V 1 ireplace opening. perimeter gaskets and threshold x ; : t,•n ,+f the above measures would seals (see Fig. 4-7). ,•..., t1, round insulation of the exterior � til,• house about 6 dB for 1►+(� h . , • .4.t sotlnd and more than 10 dB for disturbs your sleep and your t..! sounds; these measures would t•,• Iouoness of the intruding noise C, ; tL 30 percent, respectively. 't located on the opposite side of the house may reduce the level of t:., th, Intrusion of Traffic Noise intruding noise about 10 dB. t e� • %o,. or apartments of conventional the house that is partially 1 'k:� tt,u, that aie located very near to shielded from the noise source .... .,, tt::vcIcd roadways or expressways are ~ ly v111nerable to the intrusion of intruding noise about 6 dB. •- • •.: v, IV 1:101 levels of noise. Since the Install' barrier wall or fence Ir)- of existing dwellings may be �-• ` • • •� •: ir;,ractical, the occupants should roadway. To be effective, thF �•,••r :,elation which provide the fence should have a solid, • , reduction at least cost. In continuous surface without any c.. tilt recommendations described 1 4; •• !i., homeowner should incorporate, on should be relatively long and tall basis, the following noise c ly co .arcs, until the noise has been t, •� • �' t,• rt tolerable level. the nearest side of the house. a `'► It, existing windows install glass in reducing the level of. t 9 -nes of double thickness on the 0,141e of the dwelling facing the 11-1,.,• source. 11••4/111 storm windows over the •I,1[,• windows. Select storm (4) Replace existing hollow -core entrance doors with solid -core, soundproof doors provided with perimeter gaskets and threshold seals (see Fig. 4-7). (5) If intruding traffic noise disturbs your sleep and your bedroom faces the roadway, choosing a bedroom which is located on the opposite side of the house may reduce the level of intruding noise about 10 dB. Selecting a bedroom on the side of the house that is partially shielded from the noise source should reduce the level of the intruding noise about 6 dB. (6) Install' barrier wall or fence between your house and the roadway. To be effective, thF fence should have a solid, continuous surface without any openings or holes. The fence should be relatively long and tall enough to shield, or hide, the entire roadway when viewed from the nearest side of the house. Such a barrier is most effective in reducing the level of. u high -frequency sounds that travel in a beam -like manner. Its �� effectiveness for att.enuati.ng loan -frequency sounds is limited by the.ease•.wtth which such sounds diffract or bend around a barrier. !' At best, only a 5 to 10 dB reduction of the total sound level can be expected, but the attEnuation of the high -frequency sounds may result in an appreciable reduction in annoyance. Since the acoustical ' efficiency of such a barrier may not be improved by massive construction, it may as well be made of relatively light material,.:' such as 1 -inch (2.5 cm) thick ' boards.! , Reducing the Intrusion of Aircraft Noise BrIcf intrusions of high-level sounds are among the most troublesoule to remedy. A 1 Railroads, Expressways and Indus- (e) Consult With Residents L_ivin In trial Areas: if annoyance or The Area disturbance from these excessively noisy sources is to to be avoided, It often pays to talk to people residential buildings should be living, in the arca to determine located at a distance of at least whether or not Lhvy art- disturbed one mile and preferably two miles by noise, especially at night. (1.6 to 3.2 km) from the sources. .. 2. SELECTING A QU11:7' LOCATION WITHIN A (b) Check With City Zoning or Planning 1IOUSI14G OR APARTMENT DEVELOPMENT Authorities Of course the first thing that. you Consult with local city or county should do is to select and inspect an planning authorities regarding apartment development that advertises future development plans for the de to soundproof' wall and floor construction, area. a result of future quiet, efficient central ai.rconditioni.np, rezoning action, quiet residential systems and fully carpeted interiors, areas frequently are bordered by. including entrance foyers, corridors and Industrial parks or huge shopping hallways. malls. Although such business centers by themselves may not In addition, it is Important Co choose cause any annoyance, the noise se an apartment that ha> a ventilation system from the increasing flow with air supply and return branch ducts aut omobile traffic and shipments oheavymobi serving individual. roomer, and well -fitted, by trucks to and from the solid -core doors with perimeter f;askeLs and areas, especially at night, may threshold seals installed in bedrot,m areas. become a major source of Such construction and furnishings arc disturbance for you. prerequisites for ensuring a quiet environment and adequate privacy within a dwelling unit, as well as minimizing the Intrusion of noise from nc]ghborinl• (c) Consult With City or County apartmt•nt units or other arc.!; in thk- portation Authorities building. Such authorities should be consulted relative to the status and location of existing and proposed expressways, mass transit systems and changes in aircraft flight paths, procedures and operation. (d) Conduct An On -Site Examination Conduct several on-site examinations of the area durJng daylight and e.pecially after tnldnlg;ht to ass;ess the• outdoor noiv;e envirunm.'nt. Re espec l:tlly a.lett for the location of Ilrt' and Police stations, schools and athletic fields, hospitals, sport arenas, race tracks, shopl.InI; center's and amusement parks. A] thoul;h ordinari ly these civic centers and activities may be considered secondary sources of noise, they could well become, depending on their proximity to your location, the major source of noise and disturbance for you. Zr _H4.1r /")I -)k-//9. If possible, avoid chour.inl, a lcomc ar an apartment unit that has only a sirgac' air -return grille or duct to serve the• entire dwelling; arca. In order to complc?o the circulation, entrance doort: t( individual rooms untst be urulcrcnt a lain I inch (2.5 cm) at the bottom to provide :n: air gap for passage of the rclurn At. Regrettably, such air gals alto create n series of flanking; path!: ih� ..•t•,h;•ut. tb% dwelling, which virtually null It•, ani - insulation that partition t:a': ir. rmd door: separating rooms could prnv idc•. 11', i:c addition, the return grit le• le: nod. rsi.c�f, the air -flow velocity at Ib. i:.,.• of IIW grille must. be made fall -IN' hlph In order tr, ►nalnt.nln adequate' vent Ila( Inn. unfortunately, may g'.encralc it considerable amount of high- pitched noise. As a consequence, the occul ani:: of :•uch dwi lllnt". frequently complain not. only about. the 186• of privacy. hilt al :o of Interference V sleep caused by the grille noise: intrudLnt into the bedroom are:. A parr Iculacrly t;vriou:: pt,.•hlcri that often occurs in apartment bit ilding:• ir cauSed by a ventilation :y:;tem in p'hieh et /V)9 J2 7� common air return is installed in the corridor outside the dwelling units. The e.ntrance doorways of all. apartment units must then he undercut to permit the venting Vf the return air. Obviously, the privacy between adjacent apartaients is seriously breached in such cases. Tile only remedy the tenant himself has is to close the gap at the bottom of each door in his dwelling with a threshold plate .equipped with a tubular gasket. He must then.install in the wall or ceiling of each room an acoustically lined air -transfer duct to vent the air into the adjacent hall or corridor. Both door thresholds and air -transfer ducts are commercially available. Techniques for sealing door thresholds and installing air -transfer ducts are discussed in Chapter 4 and illustrated in Figures 4-7 and 4-12, respectively. Although the intrusion of outdoor noise prevalent in dwellings in urban ations, it can occur in dwellings in `� ., 113: ', ' �1T._-•� :a. -rte. _a � r �`�e�-•7— Avoid building sites at intersec• tions of major trdflic arteries. Such sites are extremely noisy due to accelerating, decelerating, and braking vehicles. fit �f• �Ir ZvI��.,.. Building sites in open areas are less noisy than sites in congested building areas. supposedly quiet suburban and even rural areas,. While an occasional jet aircraft flyover or a passing truck may cause some disturbance in such areas, many problems arise from a neighbor's air conditioning unit, barking dogs or bird calls. If the intrusion of such noise is bothersome to you, give preference to buildings that have fixed or well -sealed windows that are thermally insulated or feature double -pane construction. Buildings with' single pane windows protected by well -fitted storm windows *also would provide an adequate degree of insulation against such noise. The intrusion of outdoor noise may ho minimized even further by observing the following suggestions relative to selecting the building site. (a) Avoid building sites that front on main traffic arteries or bit!; routes. Early morning traffic noise mzy be a source of annoyance, as illustrated in Fig. 6-2. Avoid building sites on the ere•.ts of hilly traffic arteries. Such sites are very noisy due to luw gear acceleration noise. 4 ft r• lrallic arterles between uill huildinps are quite noisy. Avoid building sites opl,osite tall build _ ings in such cases. w� Y' WIND Miff tink _%. ' iIr rk Avoid hollows or depressions. They are generally noisier than Upwind building site is less noisy flat open land. ,r ' than a downwind site. Al -r .H r A' n v • 'r. 11 Al F'Ig. 6 2. r XAN1111 f S OF ATARI MFNT SI tES TIIAT SH0111 f► 10 AVOlDrD ®,I w Chapter 0 SI:I.ITTINC A Q1111"I HOME Of APAR1?IlaJT (or how to avoid makings the same mist:nke twice) you are planning to move to a new home or pat titwiit and desire more peace and pr ivory than you have at pr(•o-cent, the following; reccrotmCndatlons can help you to select a quiet location. llnwever, you should be careful to conaldt•r a1.1 fitctorn before making your move, because the desirability .of livint; In a qulct community may be offset. by some disadvantages. For example, it might take you twice as long. to drive to work or mid -city attractions from the new location than it does from your present one. 1. SlJ -CTlNG L_qL'11:1' RF.SIU TIAL AREA (a) Obtain Kips of the Area , Obtain a recent edition of a detailed male of the arca that you propose to live in and study it c:irefttlly for the location of major sources of noise. Look, particularly, for such major noise producers as airports, railroads, expressways, and industrial areas. Air•orts: if possible get a sectional aeronautical chart of the area to determine the location of all airports and their 15 Miles �I respective flight pntterns and air routes relative to the propo::cd bulldinp., site. Such chart:: may be obta I ned from local nIrport nuthorltics or the Aircraft Owners and Pilot At: noc lation, Washington, U. C. 20014. Sites near large commercial, international or mllitary airports should be avoided if possible. Residentinl buildings directly in line with prescribed runways, talo:• -off and landing patterns or flight paths would have to be located at least 1.5, and prefi•rabl•y 2.0 miles (24 to 32 km) away from the airport. before the noise from jet aircraft fly -over:; would he relatively unnoticeable to the occupants. (Sec Fig. 6-1.) Near an airport, but off to the side of the runways, buildings would need to be a latt•ral distance of about 3 to 4 miles (.5 to 6 km) f rom the f l i; -.Ii t path before the noise would drop to a tolerable level at the building; location. 3 Miles ilr port ' f hyltt Path leis, r/IrrYlr r��rl�rrlr�Hr�� /!� �� / jj/ j// jai / �•�j /,/%� // Noise /Zol �15 Miles /. ' j r),gfr y j 'rulrr►Iry�rrlr V. / V' Chapter 0 SI:I.ITTINC A Q1111"I HOME Of APAR1?IlaJT (or how to avoid makings the same mist:nke twice) you are planning to move to a new home or pat titwiit and desire more peace and pr ivory than you have at pr(•o-cent, the following; reccrotmCndatlons can help you to select a quiet location. llnwever, you should be careful to conaldt•r a1.1 fitctorn before making your move, because the desirability .of livint; In a qulct community may be offset. by some disadvantages. For example, it might take you twice as long. to drive to work or mid -city attractions from the new location than it does from your present one. 1. SlJ -CTlNG L_qL'11:1' RF.SIU TIAL AREA (a) Obtain Kips of the Area , Obtain a recent edition of a detailed male of the arca that you propose to live in and study it c:irefttlly for the location of major sources of noise. Look, particularly, for such major noise producers as airports, railroads, expressways, and industrial areas. Air•orts: if possible get a sectional aeronautical chart of the area to determine the location of all airports and their 15 Miles �I respective flight pntterns and air routes relative to the propo::cd bulldinp., site. Such chart:: may be obta I ned from local nIrport nuthorltics or the Aircraft Owners and Pilot At: noc lation, Washington, U. C. 20014. Sites near large commercial, international or mllitary airports should be avoided if possible. Residentinl buildings directly in line with prescribed runways, talo:• -off and landing patterns or flight paths would have to be located at least 1.5, and prefi•rabl•y 2.0 miles (24 to 32 km) away from the airport. before the noise from jet aircraft fly -over:; would he relatively unnoticeable to the occupants. (Sec Fig. 6-1.) Near an airport, but off to the side of the runways, buildings would need to be a latt•ral distance of about 3 to 4 miles (.5 to 6 km) f rom the f l i; -.Ii t path before the noise would drop to a tolerable level at the building; location. 3 Miles ilr port ' f hyltt Path leis, r/IrrYlr r��rl�rrlr�Hr�� /!� �� / jj/ j// jai / �•�j /,/%� // Noise /Zol �15 Miles /. ' j r),gfr y j 'rulrr►Iry�rrlr V. / V' � y ,` 1 r v .:. !y �b•i 3!` � r: A {h • 'Y i* y ��" •- �i�,"". h ,2_ "_ 44 de t:!' t 1S''. s•l� i ..{�,tYi r i�� jLy" ar < /� 'V t'r, ",Rb ,� :..�{. �'.(i`�`'•ti �. ' �" o W + a :It •'�.� "?. m fir.. z 1.. '� a yY',L ZAN.` 2 7 0 3nM.. }..• '.,a,; ��,„t , � # fGV; �y. :� •h;e,Tat Vic: it;� :►�•� t'x / >re� -{{ •r � ��' j.. n•' k �... ^�! 1V a'r•xN .L b..G,J �. aa. '. ,�. k' tji fil% ENT 0 ` i A } F' ~ ! t "Q '3 r Y, tL �Y , '• ,'T {� i ..4y F'r + '.r 4 «• Q d4 .F nl # �1 I:4 ' r ar .. �... '! ' 4 '�'r ".rty;'� ., ��.+h 1 ryd. 3�• > t.- i _ ��l �.: S (j. � ,ir. • '' I y• F S 1� f �. r'r II I�I 1. r r " �t • t ?i . a :a t � ! i O. �l J ��'. •N i �,IjY�. ,x. r i f:'I e .A1 f " jsy ` },. r# �.1 {i,� { , i�•f nary ^ G • � J�� v � '` � 43'1 1r f w $ r c.r:iM s•rib+�arrua `>!rI�JW'L `�'i y t••c . , 02 �� �r s. ;'�'.•«.. .'.1QnJi .'.r.i'6C. v9�3r '1:'' ...I>.. .xi _.•wsa,i/� .. .. 1. Report No. — 2. Goyernmen• Aecessron No rle and Subtitle Fundamentals and Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise Aurhorr G. S. Anderson, L. :d. "tiller, and J. R. Shadley 9. Performing Organization Nome and Address Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. 50 Moulton Street Cambridge, Mass. 02138 12. Sponsoring Agency Nome and Address National Highway Institute Federal Highway Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, D.C. 20590 IS Supplementary Notes FHWA Contract Manager: H. M. Rupert (HEV -10) Technical keport Documentation Page 3. Recrpunt's Catalog No. l PB -222 703 I S. Report Dore June 1973 6. Performing Orgomzorion Coda -- — a. Performing 0r9onizo1.on Report No. 10. work Uno No. ITRAIS► 11. Contract or Grant No. DOT -FH -11-797_6___ 1J. Type of Report and Period Coyered Final Report Sponsoring Agency Code 10 Abstract — — The textbook is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 is devoted to Fundamentals of Sound. This includes acoustic terminology, basic relationships of sound, outdoor sound transmission, and a brief review of certain aspects of man response to noise. Chapter 2 presents noise data of automobiles and truckt s individual discrete sound sources', reviews brieflj► the principal components of truck noise, places autos and trucks into the context of moving sound sources, and introduces a statistical descriptor of highway noise. Chapter 3 is co n�ersed with instrumentation and techniques for making outdoor noise measurement>;. Chapter 4 is devoted to the basic features of highway noise prediction ucl-'Ip, the NCHRP Report 117 and TSC procedures. Chapter 5 include discussiror, 04 the noise abaLement treatments that are availa'6re-'for noise control, both .it the highway and off the highway. Principal concern is given to evaluation o!' the attenuation (noire reduction) that can be achieved with acoustic barrier;; alurrgs i.de the road, since these treatments can fall withinthe design aril' 111r-f.:idictlon of the highway engineer. Barrier designs are viewed from rhe I;uirit of -vie+w of the NCHRP Report 117 and the TSC Computer r edures, .,i,d a 110 uuuw;graph is presented and discussed as a- quick, useful tool for ccv;luntinq acoi:4jt is barriers for a variety of applications. too -"cod by NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE US Dopenm—t of commorco Spdeofield, VA. 12151 18. Distribution Statement highway Traffic Noise, Noise predictio No restriction, this document is :loise abatement, instrumentation barrir available to the public through the nomographs, statistical descriptors. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151 1 vr. •y flea.:! ! .f ,1._77. _.__.—_T_�... ..ew...y —o sr i. lot InesTI el • NoO p 9 . of Popes 21. Price I Unclassified Unclassified Forth DOT F 1700.7 ie -72) Reproduction of completed Paye authorized ` 1� ,.3.2 Holes in Barriers such do holes cumhrumise the Transmission I of barriers.' More than would be expec- !'.�d, by far. For example, let us assume we :,ave 30 dbA at the source side of a barrier and that the TL of the barrier is 30 dBA. without holes, the noise on the opposite side :could be 50 dBA. Now let us open up one- tt:nth of the area of the barrier. The bar- rier surface is now 10% open. What is the rict TL of the barrier -plus -hole? I'irst, ninety pereent of the noise energy :1114 flllr bArrur its(Af and is reduced by i0 dBA. Ninety percent is converted to decibels using 'fable 5.6. From the table, ninety percent of 80 ABA is 80-0.5 = 79.5 .litA. In deciboi.i, nc••arly all thr energy !,its the barrior. itself. This 79.5 is re- luced by 30, yielding 49.5 dBA. second, ten percent of the noise energy hits the hole, .and is increased by 6 dBA. From the table, 10 pt,rc:ent of 810 dIIA is 70 dbA. This is 111creast•c1 by 6, yielding 76 ,1HA. Finally, titu totj: ent•rgy is the dB - .,,am of 49.5 dbA and 76 iOA, which is 76 dBA. L'he barrier- has provided only 4 dBA reduction. rno reason that the hole compromised the harrier attenuation sr) drastically is due to tint• logarithmic nature of noise.. The har- rlt,r it!Wti csscnLially eliminates 90 per - 1. 14 the noi:+e en,rr,ly, I,ut. this is only duct ion 4)1 lU ,IIIA. I:v,•n more t•xtr,•mt•, ht• t..rrt It r yot rill of 9'1 ht•rcent of the. -l::tr ,•ncoly, Lir,- r,•,lrtct ton would be only .0 dIIA. The second rt .c:un !:,r t l •• boor p,rtorrnanco „1 the b.rrI I,•I-with-hr,1,. as lire b dHA in- ere.asc_ in noint: thr,,:agh the hole. HOLE AMPLIFICATION 7 L moic • - 6 d8A ""I'S inti nt ; a>; ,luc Lo :;o -cal led "prt>ssure- 1011Mtr;:;" at tilt: !•Jrrt„r'., sur'ta"'.. More "111217% ptts::, d throu,lh 1. irr t,tr I t• than was tr:aignt-in,:rarutr. ::n it. The phenomenon i:s t•ump1,1x, b;,t rt al. '% • l”, ycxtd absorptive t reatment oto the _:curet :iidc of the uarrit•r ,:an eliminate this 6 dBA amplification through the hole. In the examplt:, then, the net attenuation would be 10 dBA. The absorp- tion must be broad -band, rather than tontine(] to discreet frequencies, such as providt.•d by resonant absorbers. Table 5.7 combines these phenomena to indi- .ate the maximum 'rransmissirin Loss of a bar- rier with a holt. As can be seen, very rimall holes indeed can put low limits on the ,f barriers. 5-27 Holes in barriers provide Lwo furth,•r cumpli- cations. • The 6 dBA amplification di:;,•ns,;t:d .above is due to an averaging over Lhe entire fre- quency range. Throughout most of the range, the noise is attenuated. But at: Lh,r reso- nance frequencies of the holes, it rs am- plified, sometimes by 15-20 dbA. The re- sulting noise through the holt, i,; not only amplified an average of 6 d8A1 b,;,: its cha- racter can be changed from a brcrri-!,and noise to one with discreet pure r. These pure Lones would be more objoct.ionJble than their A-level indicatt:s. • i•'iqure ;.24 demonstrates anotht•r com- plicaLlon clue to holes. When :r l,.arrier I. Slotted vorLically at regular int,•rvals, the sluts could behave as a diflrac:ti,,n grdtinq. The noist: emanatinq from a sing!,• ha�s,.s Lt',ruugh all the slots and •.rn pier -loci; sharp constructive interferent,., b.rnd_; on the rec,_•iver side: of the barrier. The more _iLoLs the inure lo,:alized would be these -,antis ->i cconstrucEive interference. As thu truck moves alonq Lhe highway, these han-k would n'.uV,_ with it, sweeping past the 'rhe „ffe;:t might be similar to an ,,xplosiun or cannon shut as tyre truck passe: by. 5.3.3 Absorptive Barriers In Frqure S. 1 above, the reflect,,,] encr,ty r•• :shown to be impurtanL for rccc•ivtr:; on flat: ol,po-S i to side, of tht: roadway 1 roar a r'e t L, tiv„ harrier. In Example M6 J1,OV,•, Che ,•i 1t•4:t of this rt•I ltuctt•d noise w,v c.ilt:ul.rt,•,1 „xpl ic:i t ly. I I th,r barrier wal Is could ht• n,d,i, actru;tical ly at,sorptive, tilt r -!Ii--;c: ,. - t_ 1-cted omponcnt would be rt•du+ , , In inti ca:,•:,, ter:; would prcrvrcic: sign_t ic.int L,,•nt tit to tate opposite ret.eivcrs. Ilow much rs the ref lect.-d not :;o rctl,ac:ed; Thi:, •L_I„ nds upon the .ibsorption t-,;eftic:c•r,t_ of th.: bdrrior wall. For a fu11 ,answer, Iii,! absorption coeffici,•nt must b(e knt:wn as a function of frequency. Then the traftic spectrum ImosL importantly the trlick spo - Lrum) is r,_duced by the absorption at ,•,t 1; fre,lu,•ncy, to obtain the retlect,r,l ripe, rrr,u,. After the A-level of tilts new spt:,c•ttu:n 1,; calculated, it is Compared to tilt-- or i•ttr,.,l A -levo) to obtain a reduction in ,,1::t. TI, t:, procedure is cumbersome, and ,:an ,..•n, rally 60 simply tied as described b,_ lr,w. A >tr.yltr-r. un;iter absorption coot 11c i,•nt is araloqut d by the. Acoustical art -i In: ulating M•atorials Association. This simll,•-numbor coetticient is called the Noir:, P. luction Coet ti tient, NRC. It is an avcra•i• of the absorption coefficients in tht ir„•luency re- gion from approximately 200 to 3000 Hz. r i Y" ��� � rid i+! t .. .1 it '. Y �'� }. ' �• T. HIGHWAY NOISE ABATEMENT VOLUME 11 [ r' TECHNICAL REPORT A report for the Minnesota State Legislature as required by Chapter 791 Section 19, Laws for Minnesota for 1978. Im • t� ,y.�.v.i..w � P i .M .. ' • L Al ✓ ! . ifa.�.Akatm, n."nAftmant of Transportation .,,, January 1, W. . " .. Qz types of Carriers are suited for all cli- mates, and local conditions may cause significant differences in the mainte- nance cost of the various barrier types. The cost questions must be evaluated on a local basis. Some of the frequently used materials for fence and wall construction are masonry, precast concrete, and wood. Masonry noise barriers can be made of concrete blocks, brick or stone. A con- crete block barrier might range in cost from $10 a linear foot for a 6 -ft. high wall, to $75 a linear foot for a 12 -ft. high wall. This latter figure includes a safety rail- ing. In general, a concrete block wall would cost $50 to $60 a linear foot.l To alleviate the monotony of a long run of wall, pilasters can be used: a 20 ft. high concrete wall with pilasters might cost $300 per linear foot.2 Brick and stone are extremely expensive and should only be used for special aesthetic considera- tions.3 Precast concrete panels offer opportuni- ties for cost reduction. A 13'4" high wall in Fairfield, California constructed of pre -cast concrete panels cost only $29.50 per linear foot. Wood noise barriers are another possibil- ity. They tend to be less expensive than other methods but are not as durable. An estimated cost for a 6' high 518" plywood fence is $5.00 per linear foot.4 C) Plantings Plants absorb and scatter sound waves. However, the effectiveness of trees, shrubs, and other plantings as noise reducers is the subject of some 1 Figure provided by an official of the California Highway De"n- ment. =Representative cost estimates of materials and labor of construc- tion but excluding real estate acqutaklon; private debate.: conclusions can, however, be drawn. • Plantings in a buffer strip, high, dense, and thick enough to be visually opaque. will provide more attenuation than that provided by the mere distance which the buffer strip represents. A reduction of 3-5 dBA per 100 feet can be expected. Shubs or other ground cover are neces- sary in this respect to provide the re- quired density near the ground. • The principal effect of plantings is psy- chological. By removing the noise source from view, plantings can reduce human annoyance to noise. The fact that people cannot see the highway can reduce their awareness of it, even though the noise remains. • Time must be allowed for trees and shrubs to attain their desired height. • Because they lose their leaves, decidu- ous t rees do not provide year-round noise protection. In general, plantings by themselves do not provide much sound attenuation. It is more effective, therefore, to use plant- ings in conjunction with other noise re- duction techniques and for aesthetic enhancement. The cost of plantings varies with the species selected, the section of the country, the climate, and the width of the buffer strip. For deciduous trees and evergreens, costs range from $10 to $50 a linear foot. The width of such a strip would be approximately 40 feet for deci- duous trees and 20 feet for evergreens. Planting shrubs between the trees so as to form a dense ground cover would double the price. 3Caiifornia Division of Highways, Highway Noise Control, Value En- gineedng Sfudy, (October 1972), p. 33. aCanfornia Division of Highways, .40wary Noise Control. Valor En- 54 0)Combinations of Various B& 7esigns Of ten, the most economical, stically t acceptable, and aesthetically pleasing barrier ,s some combination of the barrier types previously discussed. F;;t example, the Milwaukee: County Eyoressway and Transportation Commis- sion feels that barriers constructed of ;,re -cast concrete on top of an earth berm provide maximum benefit for the cost.5 They estimate that such a co Tibination costs $.51 per linear loot. In addition to cost advantages an earth berm with a barrier wall on top of it pos- sesses several other advantages over both a wall or a berm alone: 1) it is more visually pleasing than a wall of equivalent height; 2) the berm portion of this com- bination is less dangerous for a motorist leaving the roadway; 3) the non -vertical construction of the berm does not reflect noise back to the opposite side of the highway the way a wall does; 4) the combination requires less land than would be required for a berm of equiva- lent height and slope; and 5) the wall provides a fencing function not provided by a berm. Another combination to be considered is that of plantings in combination with a barrier. Not only do plantings and ground cover provide some additional noise at- tenuation, but they also increase visual appeal. 4.5 Conclusion Figure 4.19 provides a summary of the physical techniques which can be used by designers, builders, and developers to reduce highway noise impacts. Some gireenng Study. iOctober 1972) p• 46• S Milwaukee County Expressway and Transportation Commission, Norse Impact Study of the Airport Spur. V. 0: Technical Report, (March 1973). pp. 7-21. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 1CF47 c)ctobcr• c,6, 1982 Mr. Charlus Robinson Busine:;s Manager Town of Forest Lake 21350 Forost Blvd. North Forest Lake, Minnesota 55025 Dear Mr'. Robinson: Your, letter dated September 29, 1982, requested the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency to conduct noise monitoring regarolnlr a pr'oix>scrd skeet/trap shoot (ievelopment. 1 have completed the rr:oniton9.nEr, and of'fcr my results and comments. it ,ojou l u her understood not ;+ply to skeet/trap not, :Illy vegulatory jr,ovt,rrlr.:t'llts do. however, that state Noise clubs. Because of this the A})'Ici:cy c,+ authority although local unlit;:; (If' wa;5 conduCtled TIC everaing of October 5, 19hi', at :;ix selected by myself, representatives of the: E;un c11 -I,, ,,nd low;11 re�sidents. A more detailed description �;pper<;r's �►tt.iae:lrl<,nt #1. Weather conditions were favorable with u w i n:i ;'roll th,_: South. Irrstruinentation used was a B & K 220 ltnj lr.i:>er Precision Sound Level Meter and a B & K 2206 ci: :ruvide'ei u strip e:hart. The 13 -S r rf'c:ordul- wllp c. t.• b -fort anis after each test. Ambient rnE'u5ut't'li�'I:i:.. 1at'l'tr t.al;e n i:r•5 or to f i ri til.., we aporls . All data was reeordec on strlp c"art and ?at;i�r c()rlso idaLed by myself. All ,lion; > oring, w;,z� in accordance with alld tectlnieilres of the:M nr►c.>ot.a Pc;l 1.ut;ior► Control Agt.nc:y. 'i'hc i; & K 21:'09 w.t:; pl.-iced in then "inlp(.rlscll r,nd "A weiVhtirlrr" tnotier:; yielding dB(A) rt.-k•ortlings or, the str-4- chart. Wk -:.I (tt.�,t•�•t:Ll'. n.• • a.:J (1t1;: t . • Iitfkj l I1t 1.t.t•1t! Ot it tl 1 tr. rA ri;tG It • L.• .It t I ,I. tl . );.;.. I1w.11, I t,a. Mr. Ctrarles Hobirn;un Pape 2 October 26, 1982 The following is a summary of all data collected: As you can see from the data above; in most cases the noise impact from U.S. 61 is greater than the noise recorded from the test shots. Sites #5 and #6 were not as heavily impacted by U.S. 61 where the data indicates the shooting; was noticeable but not obtrusive. I would like to point our that at Site 115 a barking dog was recorded at 55 dB(A) and at Site #6 a distant dirt bike was recorded at 59 dB(A). I would consider decibel levels under 40-45 as quiet. l:n lin effort to get a speedy response and assessment to you 1 have kc.•pt my report brief and non-technical however, I arrr willilrje to answer verbally any questior►s or comments that may come up. 1 think the data can be interpreted by the Town of Forest Lake with 11ttI E:t f'or't. I1' you net,j further information ple'l,-'e feel free to contact rn< Yours truly, Dave Kelso Program Development/Noise Division of Air Quality DK:jms Attachment dB(A) of # of Shots dB(A) of dB(A) Site # Gun Shots Recorded U.S. 61 Traffic Background -�vl ls(/ I. 1 50-61 s*�,�� 11 56-75 44-50 q' 2 50-6o ss 8 54-61 45-52 �'- 3 50-55 -s 10 44-58 37-42 y,' 4 48-55 61,5- 8 5o-60 40-50 5 41-48 Hyl 16 42-44 36-40 38 6 36-41 3g. 5" 21 barely audible 24-30 't-: r' As you can see from the data above; in most cases the noise impact from U.S. 61 is greater than the noise recorded from the test shots. Sites #5 and #6 were not as heavily impacted by U.S. 61 where the data indicates the shooting; was noticeable but not obtrusive. I would like to point our that at Site 115 a barking dog was recorded at 55 dB(A) and at Site #6 a distant dirt bike was recorded at 59 dB(A). I would consider decibel levels under 40-45 as quiet. l:n lin effort to get a speedy response and assessment to you 1 have kc.•pt my report brief and non-technical however, I arrr willilrje to answer verbally any questior►s or comments that may come up. 1 think the data can be interpreted by the Town of Forest Lake with 11ttI E:t f'or't. I1' you net,j further information ple'l,-'e feel free to contact rn< Yours truly, Dave Kelso Program Development/Noise Division of Air Quality DK:jms Attachment yti ��A f ,�,/ y f,,t4vq .'0 q yr,s�f6* ,V .z Attachment #1 L. 1" 3 I v//.t 94 c /" f.iyev� o� it N r, Site #1 - Southwest at 180th Street West of U.S. 61 Site #2 - West at resident 16070 gest of U.S. 61 Site #3 - Northwest at resident 10240 West of U.S. 61 Site #4 - Northwest at resident 18900 West of U.S. 61 Site #5 - North on 190th Street at resident 5332 Site #6 - South on 177th Street ` A /1 � s '�n �i ;' � L s ,' Ti; s ' cti - .._� j • !7- i sto logo er... Pre_00 Minnesota's First Newspaper Metro Final vee a n"Oleo -t . ay- hrpaten.. e arina g,,..he. By Jane E. Brody New York Times Aec. New York -In trying to track a suspected Soviet submarine in October, the Swedish navy had difficulty finding :tailor:; who could hear well enough to operate the listening devise;;. The hearing of vast numbers of young people, a navy captain said, apparently has been permanently damaged by years of lister,i.n" -to loud rock music. Whether or not music is the culprit in Sweden, similar heari.-.,.- losses have been noted among American high school and college students who are rock music aficionados or frequent discotheque::, and hearing loss resulting from abusive noise has become a matter of pressing concern in this country, too. For example, Dr. David Lipscomb, head of the noise at the University of Tennessee, recently found that more tnan 60 percent of 1,410 college freshmen had significant hearing loas .in the high -frequency range, a deficit he believe; is increasing at, an alarming rate. Just one year earlier he had found h i lrh- frequency hearing loss in 33 percent of the freshmen tc..Aed. lie described the students as "two or three decades ahead o them selves in hearing deterioration." A Japanese survey this year of 4,500 students revealed unexplained hearing difficulties in 29, 21 of whom were described as "headphone addicts." These 21 students listened to atereo headphones (Sony Walkmans and the like) for more than 24 houro a week at volumes that averaged SS decibles, the approx.imiie noise level of rush-hour traffic. While noisy work environments hive long been the focu:> of research and regulatory efforts,,i.n recent years avocational noise has been attractin,; lgore attention. The explosive ri:,o of noisy equipment in and out of American homes -ranging from snow- mobiles, rock bands and chain saws to hair dryers, food proces- sors and stereo headphones -had made nearly every American potential- ly vulnerable to noise damage. The Environmental Protection Agency estimated in 1978 that 10 million Americans are exposed to harmful levels of no.iac off the jot). Other. experts say this is a highly conservative f.i,;ure. In addition to those who voluntarily expose themselves to high noise levels, such unwitting victims as premature infants in incubators, residents who live near airports and students whore classrooms abut train tracks may suffer noise damage. Ahd the damage incurred may involve far more than hearing acuity. Though more and better research is needed to define precisely the non -acoustical harm caused by noise, studies -thus. ------ far suggest that noise stress can result in high blood pressure, cardiovascular injury, ulcers and possibly even increased _ susceptibility to infection_ and reproductive problems. — Other studies have pointed to noise -related learnin,,; <ii f•- ficulties, irritability, fatiguet reduced work efficiency, increased accidents and errors and socially undesirable behavior. One series of experiments showed, for example, that passer.,; -by were much less likely to help a stranger who had dropped his books if there was a power lawn mower operating nearby th.,in it' the lawn mower's motor was turned off. In another ex�r;r i.;neni� _ armo red- subjects acted more aggressively after being expo: --Ad I;cr noi:;e: that they could not control. Such findings raise important. (ptostions about the po;c:; i !)le contribution of noise to illnea:,, ant.i.-::.iocal bet- v.ior :i.nI fnter- per•:;onal conflicts at a time when noL e levels arc increaL;.ing for ,zillions of Americans. However. one leading investiCa-tor, Dr. Sheldon Cohem, a psychologist at Carnegie-Mellon Institute ir: Pittsburgh, says "there's very little research on the effe-I: :;, noise being done in this country right now because the administration has no interest in it." Last year, a committee of the National Acade;i; _ z:r-i.d that existing studies of the effects of noi:,; o;, t.. i:g ested serious harm, especially to the cardiov:, -,.,-,ii , nd called for more careful investigation. The "1,:,t the stress of noise "might alter the organisw' , cap' t( i t..v t�; withstand insults from other physical agents or environment coraarninants.11 A number of findings have already been fairly well documented, including these: Among at least 40 studies linking noise exposure to increases .irr blood pressure, Dr. Ernest A. Peterson and colleague;; at the University of Miami achool of Medicine; -showed that monkey,; Jeve lopud sustained high blood pressure after being -exposed for nine months to paUerns andT�vToI no se mare fro�auerifi7y` encountered by people. 1?he noise lever studied were below -those th?t_ca*n_ damage hearirrf;, 0 /:4 p: j Cohen and his former colleaf;ues at the University of U.r•ep;o_u ;showed that children whose schools were along the fliuhl path of Los Angeles International Airport had higher blood prc::;surr t Iuui similar children attending quiet schools. The noise-affecLed children also had more difficulty solving puzzles and nAh problems and were quicker to give up in frustration. k1i,r.•theni,m , as time passed, no improvement was seen in the noise -related effects on the children's abilities. High levels of noise in the home, from television ,!et. ­V radios and other sources, were shown to disrupt the devel.opmc:;,, of ;sensory and motor skills of children during the first. two yearn of life. Babies living in noisy homes were slower to imitate adult actions and persisted in infantile habits longer than babies in quieter homes. Noise also delayed verbal development and exploratory behavior. The researcher, Dr. Theodore D. Wachs, a psychologist at Purdue University, hel.i.c;vc.r that noise stress prompts babies to retreat into their own space. A University of Wisconsin study showed that noise produc,F:d in the home by arguing, shouting, vent fans, garbage electric mixers, knife sharpeners and running faucets a state of heightened body arousal and general nervous ten.njor;. Dr. Jack C. Westman, a Wisconsin psychiatrist, believes that home noise contributes to noise -related health damage and to cc►:il L:: between family members. A series of Eurpoean studies indicated that worker.; expo:;c7(: to noise were more likely to develop abnormal heart rhythm:, balance disturbances, circulatory ailments and ulcers. Illip fatigue and irritability, and they reported more social conf*Ikl.. on the job and at home. Studies in Britain and the United States suggested tILxL people living in noisy areas, such as in airport flight pa Ll, :jui'.fered more emotional disturbances and required medical ,treatment more often than those living in quieter areds. But according to Cohen and others, all these studie.,—i er from methodological problems, primarily the failure to t.Oce into account other factors, such as age, a0doeoosomic and various on-the-job stresses, that could have infl; c� the effects attributed to noise. Sound is measured in decibles, a scale that logarithmically. Zero decibels is the lowest level of :.pound -that a young, healthy huiivin ear can detect. A level of 140 dttiheln (a shotgun blast or jet Eakeoff)can be exh.•emly painful. A_rise of 10 decibels is perceived by the human ear -in ,i doublir, . of loudness. -of' most frequently uned decibel scale, called dBA, measurc perceived loudness by givinC more weight to hit,,h-frecquer,cy sounds, which seem louden to people than the wine intensity Thus, the 100 dB sound of power lawn mower or snownrobile twice as loud as the 90 dB :sound of 4_t.rain.roaring:_into a subway station. Dr. Maurice H. Miller, professor of aud.iolokV at New York University and cheif Atudiological consultant at Lenox Hill Hospital and the New York City Department of Health, pointe outrthat noise well below the level of discomfort or grain .. /- 4f/z-: � Hearing loss will occur in 20 to 25 percent of worker:., exposed to the allowable limit of 90 decibels for eight hour:, (the loudness of street traffic or a heavy-duty.truck). Under the newest federal regulations, employers must est,c�t�i i:shi hearing; conservation programs for all workers regularly ex pbsed to noise levels of 85 decibels or more. Repeated exposure to loud noise destroys the delicate hair cells in the Organ of Corti, a part of the cochlea in the inner ear. These cells are responsible for picking up sound -induced pressure waves and transmitting; them to nerve cells, which in turn carry them to the brain. Sounds follow two paths into the brain. One path carries sound to the auditory center where it is perceived and interpreLe,i. The other goes to an activating -regulating center in the brain, called the reticular formation and then on to the brain centers that turn on the autonomic nervous system. The latter path is responsible for the wide range of non-au::•al. effects of noise because it calls into play the classic fiGht- or-flight response to stress: arousal, increased hear rate ;uld blood pressure, constriction of small blood vessels .in the extremities. redirection of blood flow away from the skin ;IUM _ _di estive organs and to the brain and muscles, muscular cont.raot_io�l,-.- release of stress-related hormones from the adrenal gland.,,____,_. dry mouth, dilated pupils and subjective feelings of tensi,on,�-.__ excitement and anxiety. This stress reaction to sound is believed to be an cvoluLLo,itrI holdover from preindustrial times when loud sounds usually meant trouble-$ roaring lion, falling rock or injured ki.nsifan. The stress response enabled people to survive the danker i,y helping them either to run away or fight. Noise researchers have found that most people get used Lo ,ti sound that they hear often and know is not a cause for alarm, but their internal stress reaction continues unabated. if ,you live near train tracks, after a week or so you mzy no longer be awakened by passing trains. But internal reactions to the noise still occur and iwry eventually accumulate to cause bodily damage. Miller sugg;este6 that people who never become habituated to noise "may be bettt�- off because they tend to avoid noisy environments." PAGE 8 - FOREST LAKE TIMES - Thursday, March 3, 1963 Health Beat Lead Poisoning By DARRVI, QUIRAM, MD Internist Lead is an environmental pollutant for which nearly every person has a measurable blood level. It is a poison and when high body levels accummulate. a serious illness develops, call- ed plumbism. Both children and adults may eventually suffer ir- reversible; brain damage from the lead. The signs and symptoms of plumbism can be subtle, such as mild behavior changes and ir- ritability, listlessness. lack of appetite and constipation. More serious symptoms are vomiting, abdominal pain, drowsiness, clumsiness and difficulty walking. Severe symptoms include seizures, coma and respiratory arrest with possi- ble death In 1981 some 20AW children in the United States had toren identified as having ongoing related problems from lead exposure. Although anyone can develop lead poisoning. children appear to be at greatest risk A normal child will absorb 42 percent of all orally in- gested lead as compared to to percent absorbed by an adult. That ultimately will allow the child to retain three times more lead than an adult ex- poae-el to tlic same oral dose. In addition, children often tinoes have increased ex- posure to the greatest resource of lead, that being old paint. This especially con- cerns children living to old dwellings that have old paint. Prita to Warld War 11. lead based paints commonly con- tained as mutts as 40 perce•nl lead by dry weight Now, ac eeptable lead content of paint is o.1) Warrent by dry weight. Both adults and children have a duo} dit•tary intake of lead, Which comes from canned foods, water and dust. Lead is available in the envirnmrnent as pain:, fumes, dust, metal. canned foods, glared earthen ware and si�me eerarn►c pottery I ndus! r ,� 1,110,000 ions of lead a year for various products, in- cluding gasoline, printing, paint, ceramic and glass con- struction, ammunition and plumbing construction. Air is also a source of lead. This results from fumes of gasoline or engine exhaust or the burning of lead - containing rubbish. Urban traffic policemen have been shown repeatedly to have in- creased levels of lead, based on inhalation alone. Thirty- five percent of inhaled lead is absorbed equally in adults and children. Any renovation of an . old house that involves stripping of the old paint will expose those present to large amounts of lead. It has also been shown foods stored in open cans for long periods of time or acid beverages stored in glazed earthenware can in- crease the lead intake dissolved from the container. Absorption of lead is enhanced by deficiencies in dietary iron and calcium. blood tests can diagnose plumbism. Anemia is com- mon and lead levels of the blood can be measured. Severely elevated blood levels of lead can be treated on an emergency basis with intravenous and injectabie medications that can bind the lead and allow the body to eliminate it. General management cif environmental lead is possi ble. When removing pain!, don't expose family merr►brers to the dust or fumes produced in the process. Destroy any items containing lead glazed toys and containers. Leave any industrial contaminated clothing and shot-, at work and provide laundering and pp�epudic cleaning services. tlse an alternative water sup - PI), if the water is con tantinated with lead, and have bottled water available for drinking. Ir general, for th► :,i►- ptdlu tion. to use urivadt-d i4XS0111111 a:►d tighten intimstnal contrui thrra►Rh sate and federal l'blltiUlnl'> (i('tiv! Yhw►aaDo Tftutttt ll Sun., A" S. J 9L . High.1eve�s � s -e p►�isk for Howard W. Welk* People in the Twin. CiUes are ex- posed to startling amounts of (cad. The element's `harmful effects are well understood. so it seems incom- prehensible that such high levo of it a ckiK if enviro�Nq . Lead is highly toxic and particularly dangerous .for children. Because they are growing rapidly and have a targe requirement for minerals, chil- dren absorb and retain about five times more lead than adults. Also, children at play frequently ptace''dirt or dirty objects in their mortals. when that dirt contains lead in the levels i have found in the inner city of Minneapolis. It can cadse permanlnt Inental retarda- ten, including lower IQs and behay. ialral and psychological disorders. U wed to study the Minneapolis lead problem allQr learning that'a group of Hmong .11ildren ward ;iuf- fering from leadpoisooiag Heath oMciafs had beet; enable to dWw r the source of the -lead exposure in the.children's Domes. After obtaining Me addresses of the afflicted chit- ' (ren.' ffit ` awn And I took soil samples Iron' the yards of their homes. a,u lean► iitlne- apolis} inner-cit�s�eighboshneds. "WYsir stowed I ew halt ad : lieso vVed' In men ' Ifte yartli='eaa- `. taine0 >k"twii(t ' i.OtN-flikru- grams of lead per gram of soU, and that 40 percent of them lived In homes where the lead concentration in the soli was even higher. XA mt- ctropm is oma-aWgttiooth of a a.) ra rX Accordirtg to standards set by flee Mlmaota PbO bw Ctlotrol Aawoq, 9W oonlalutbg that I tta lead be classified as hazardous wants. Researchers at -tbe National Imtl- Wtes of Health suggest that The maxi- mum permissible intake of lead for a child between 6 months and 2 years of age is 150 micrograms per day. Of the inner-city soil samples I ane- lyzed, half contained more than 700 micrograms of lead per gram of soil. painted several times. The.asoit city coddren acme ,be country suf- around such hopes have be" cov fer lead potsc-!-%Wore alarrn- Chat varloits -tlui6 wlt�yain Ing t the s + �e blood -lead e3.ips that eventually mined iit0o tb levet of inner-city ildren is 20 mi- di=� ` • -per der: rer,,'i in amount c �t Brit141t and Ar-rrlt86',000itteredisreb- Sottae of the attlkted Hm6eg chi t -i ersthave associated with loi'iQ: •- !e`: I P'nes+eot ipiriedgc of the rebdtlot. bl� ex- 'ship betweek lead soW IQi!jgi is piained by paW aurac that the ars jority inner-city chil- dreg in otir county have suffered a The 80e6s wboWft HnYW' thil- yermsnia lam it .ttlllligenc'!"be (ren flue are near very. deuce car,* `cause of their exp- .relo lead. And and truck traffic. Lead emitted from i inner-city children • re cot the only motor vehicks bas aww"li teed In; ones affeclea. I h:..- it3tt W pockets the soil and Is especieRy eoeeeetrat-' of high lead confer• atltin in various ed in areas near Heavy, higbway and ; gatrls of the city. street traffic as If a child ate half a gram of this drt Larne' qusalkles of idtbed gasoline: To expose our ch i;,: of lead is to diming• -n to sticii levels �xiety. it is the — about one fifty-sixth of an ounce. have' been mad to hunm6go4a. In'. death of Intellect - id a serseless roughly the amount that would suck 1962, ike nonfarm use of •108" gas•! waste of a. human •_ource. Society on a thumb — he would receive olioe added about 936 bas of lead W f cannot gffiord to r< - its children in more than twice the maximum per- th e eavironant"•di 1 -le Slat a 41 fead-bazardous er ro®ment. midhte lead dose from this source 1989. under: reeeetgr<' Wolen"Mid . ` .:.} - - t` el em n piNfgltrde weer. aloee. _ t'haogas r. EPA rep t dM: tke naw' We ibeald rasters :h!'problem In . turns use el leaded fon01is8f- wiQ ti- • two ' immeQthte w. :: `Baa leaded And there are many other sources, crease the lead added to tie eovkv11. gasoline and cat , the national Children are exposed to lad every nkat by almost 17 percent. to a Weal ` 'guard Ib deliver r topsoil to ®e day in air, food and (tint. Wbete,a -ofaboof1,118Wot inner cities It Lt ential that we child's lead level rises more gWckfy protect our most :- rtant'rewnorte: than the child can. excrete 1 tine - Scteetllb'at the•Certter for Disease the creative and - Sall utUes of eventual resale is lead poisoaw&.. Comm.-bave obarved that tWlsver. our youngm citiu•-= - Most t age qty bkb#4ead tet�elf of Me s ,.. V the urban lead problem pro»aWY comes from two sources: popuiatloe correspond to tffhmoune of leaded gasoline used. Itep ations F ,froward W .'NreI t, a praAWar of Waded ga�Nise and lad. paiot;4a hooses a the lead content of Mite eo tislaseapoils �o�lp�y�st .Nsc,,•std-�o oaf Dr 6flCI Cede 3k Pstd ad#' dirrme atlog Lead-based "l Lend Aiftikt erwr paints were used 1100148 vow �► am MW iyP� #Sri tteersr..ba_nt I eco '` �� � ��' � etdtr ' ; Vtb '� "Vore � > V hoi t s have bees t t` el em n piNfgltrde weer. December 31, 1982 nderson BITTER NOMEE FOR SETTES LIVING MARVIN H. ANDERSON CONSTRUCTION COMPANY 0009 LVNOALE AVENUE SOUTH MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA Si*SO 7 f=Lt 1 h I(. - flR1 ; 'lit ;I 1977 25. I'hl i t.: j. -is to 1:U!;Pund Lo your yucstion as to w1j.1 t. my op l n i on as a real estate developer, homebuil.der. , anci estate' a9t'llt_ would be regarding the possible change in r0a l estate valuation pertaining to residential real. estat . witllirl the proximity of a gun club shooting range. I underst.,r1d the shooting range will consist of shotgun trap shooting. It is difficult to estimate what the change in values woti.l d 1,,. because such changes will. vary depending upon how clo .,. once': property is to the shooting facility and what the corlc.•crrl1s !.11,1! 1 be by various prospective buyers. What is a negative io oilc' person can be more or less of a negative to someone c>l:rr. T ',-: � ,1 � 1 cl say, however, that certainly such a facility would I)( - as a negative to most, if not all, pros-pective it certainly will reduce property values accordingly. One could compare it to other items that do reduce 111c },ro1'c'rr values dr;ln,atic;3l ly, such as, the proximity of r;l bw %' thoroi.jyhfz,res, airplane traffic, sewer & water t.re;li n,. nt f.,• , t ;,.;, commi�rcir,l t} industrial properties, and so fol-th. not the t.yp(w: of dove t that one would like to l,c : i t I, i„ y resident.i.al neillhborhood. Therefore, my opinion woll'Id h.. 11—i will diminish the values of those persons owning the di;t-.,ncc! th;lt '11.11" :;hot. would he heard when :;uc•h beilly l:,.u..; •. �._;1 for tc.::itl!'lllial use. If I can be of any further help feel free to r_;ll ] Sincerely, MARVIN H. ANDERSON CONSTRUCTION Co. Marlin D. Gritnt President MDG: pl CHAIN ,of LAKES s : Readsate. Box 675 Nlnde`lgaken, Incorporated) Lindstrom, Mn. Lindstrom Plione „ •,•,x, ; . (612) 257-2233 55045 rwin City Phone (612)222-1711 Jan. 31 1983 To whom it M,,y c"onc:c-rn : This lc t tc r i<; given in response tryuestion askod r,l m,• r, q,jl(I I al. property vatuc� l.oss if a gun c1.uh we, I„ I)c �•:' i .,l,l i.;ht I n. .,I I fill. ,it r, ::, I I,I I,,I ,.• t•I I.1�.: I,,.,,<�. It: is my opinic,n that unfortunately it is almost. inip, .iI•Ic m, cr:;urur c,, l.cu 1,11,o the amo un t of v,r I nc� loss pr i or I() III, qun club being q-por,3tAonal.. 11 i , al.,c, my ohi.nion that: the I;•:,:;:;itl. I I� ex i :; t.-; t c, r c •conom i s obsu lc:';;r ncc Uc'•fini t ion of economic: obsol.esenect: Impairment c,f' I I i y QI- Useful. Life arising from factors external. t:o I_�r�:�pc rty. 'otic ll as economic forces or. environmental changes whir -h c tJect demand lel-at- ionshi ps in the market. Al.so refei rod Lo a, : I,:,c-a I: i clrr or o:nv1 r onmental. ubsol.esonce. Ex.atiplo: Jf t lwl'u were two identical. homes on two idont.ic.rl. 1.oI:; rn<1 holh properties were, beinq offered for t=hc Ill ,c —, ,nnd onc• i:; near a clun club and the other i r; n„t no,. -,r ., qun club, which property wou lci y'.1.1 P4 :;J)ocll-u1 I.y :;iIhiiiI I I..i, CHAIN Of,, 1.A1• I':;; PF:Ai. L Zi Lc' 1 nl•,I1 SZ/11 'ITh Ne. g11UVrh�/Northeast Thursday, lov. 24, 1983/ 1 NE Gun club -'opposes proposed housing' By Scott Carlson Staff Writer 'Lake Elmo A developer's. proposal to build . five homes in Lake Elmo has run plans until all its members are into opposition from a neighboring present to vote on the issue. lle rod and gun club. contended the homes could restrict Dennis McCarty, president-elect the club from the full use of its of the Oakdale Rod and Gun Club, property and bring in residents charged that David Nelson's1 lans who might -complain about noise to build the homes north of 0th 64 from its operation. Street west of Lake Elmo Avenue My concern is that we're not "is a threat to his organization. 100 percent safe for families that "His development could present us with future legal battles over our right to exist,'.' McCarty told the Lake Elmo :City Copncil last week. McCarty raised that concern be- . 40re the . cduncg tabled Nelsop's Gun close," added McCarty. But Nelson contended the coun- cil should approve his request to rezone about 20 acres from rural residential to R-1, or single fami lies. "Some existing homes are closer ■ Continued from Paye 1 NE I to the range than my houses would W' Nelson said. " I think that ev- eryone should have the highest use to their property." Nelson suggested that he be re- quiredto inform prospective buyers before selling the homes that they are adjacent to the gun club. However, McCarty contended that such a requirement wouldn't ha adonuato "That covenant wouldn't be a safety wrap or a life preserver in the ocean," he said. The 4W m�ri LL J Forest Lake, Nnnesefa M25 -;HUG4 Attorne y says club ugun se s•permit va��d .. IWW _ city (9rarles Jghnson has issued ii ..legal opinion that the "eeial use permit the city granted White -Bear Rod and Gun{ in August 1976 remains in "hull force and effect." The opinion was premented Ito council Monday and will be forwarded to the gun club's attorney. It was fbe gun club that originally requested the Pa � the gun chub will In his opinion, Johnson reviews the history of the gun -klub controversy, which dates back to 1974 when the While Bear Rod and Gun Club applied for and received a special sht ranuse ge at to 7032 0 operate Street. T1t:vT S11 -C IAL use per- tr;it Has later declared null and ti-oid P, September, 197s. It was replaced by a second special use. permit — the one Johnson reviewed in his opinion. The gun club issue was also fought in the courts, where Huge Electors Leading Progress: teamed up with the Minnesota Public Interest Research Group to fight the gun club. The issues were eventually heard by the Min- nesota Supreme Court.) UwO Johnson saysinhk opinion that the Second �is�conmr� atat tidied to the opinion he notes # at many of the m usbouli>; Obeed on the ;Ins per - a t.remain ir�� 7. - . Johnson states that 'Iff i - M 'Jon either stow or- in the future wo indicate a rouraa De Dosis foc r ew boa or twsvoca the special use tiennit." 971E ISSUANCE of the opl- nion should notbe`considened "in any way a waiver of any condition of violation that might exist at this time." Johnson adds. Addressing the issue of litigation and its effect on the special use permit, Johnson notes that the litigation was between private parties and the city was not directly in. i�oived.Attbed rseytiietrial Wef ts�c "anyproblenis`eit f Procedures or the conditions ere expressed, -With the ex- -"'W ;•6oeptuon that the Supreme >: indicateui :i}r Aieta; that the !'eSulati4n ..ttleisg;le�rtlit awns :in .the Ple yince..d the PCA -,and not .the city,-, Jalkutmon said:. i continues, sayitig that the provisions of the in;un�. tion do not negate the second special use permit or ha,, e any effect. to limit the injucic- tion granted by the court. Council did not discuss the opinion or the special use per- mit Monday. A commitment had been made to both sides of the dispute that they would be given advance warning of formal council discusson of the issue. 44Wf rj:c'. The follpwing comments are taken a document titled " A review of Minnesota's environmental noise control regulations" 1. A highway produced 4bdb with peaks up -to 55db. It reduced sleep by 16 minutes per night,, and no adaptation was noted after 5 tears. 2. It was.found•that the -degree of sleep disturbance decreased with the noise level, and that noise levels In the '40-50db rarige can. disturb Stage 2 and Stage 3 sleep. 3. One of the etudes for this report recommended a 30-40db range for bedrooms. The U.S. Environmental protection Agency recommenited 32db and Russia recommended 35db. 4. EPA noise levels were determined by a study of "Threats n" he,ral Action" rather than a study of noise levels. 5. One study found that among residents living near the air1no:�i., was a 50% increase in heart and circulatory pathology associ.rrte;i with a 12db difference in exterior noise levels. Hyperterr:3.i:;1I rates increased 1% for every 2. db increase.. 6 • _ j I i.i i €�1 +y s S g ... �. .. ._.. ._ • _ j I i.i i €�1 Ff