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• <br />IV. MORATORIUMS. <br />A. Adoption. <br />1. Before adopting or amending the comprehensive plan or any land use <br />regulation, a city may adopt a moratorium to restrict or prohibit <br />development in the interim.9 <br />2. A moratorium may last up to 2% years. During this time, the city <br />must be conducting studies or scheduling hearings to consider the <br />adoption or amendment. <br />3. A moratorium may affect all or only a portion of the city. <br />4. A moratorium does not deny the property owner all economically <br />viable use of the property and does not constitute a "taking" of the <br />property on that basis.10 <br />B. Time of Adoption. <br />• 1. Some cases have given effect to moratoriums that were adopted after <br />an application was submitted." <br />2. Other cases have not recognized moratoriums adopted after an <br />application was submitted.'Z <br />3. The differences between the cases are hard to distinguish. It appears, <br />however, that if the moratorium is adopted to look at a broad issue <br />and not just to stop one application, it is more likely to be given <br />effect. <br />V. ZONING CODE. <br />The state law sets forth the procedure for adopting and amending the zoning code. <br />The zoning code generally has two components: text containing standards and <br />requirements, and zoning designations for individual properties. <br />A. Variances. <br />1. Variances from the zoning standards can be granted only if "their <br />strict enforcement would cause undue hardship because of <br />circumstances unique to the individual property under <br />• consideration."13 <br />3 <br />