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4. Data Collection <br />Superior, effective methodologies for collecting survey data are <br />essential for yielding dependable, actionable results. The <br />philosophy and methods of Anderson, Niebuhr & Associates <br />ensure that its data collection process yields excellent results. <br />Response Rates: A common but misguided approach to <br />conducting a survey such as the one desired by the City of Little <br />Canada is as follows: (1) a large sample is drawn; (2) only a few <br />attempts are made to reach the original sample; (3) those unable <br />to be reached with minimal effort are replaced; and (4) the <br />response rate either is not reported or does not take into <br />consideration the replacement of the original sample. <br />This approach typically ignores two types of methodological errors <br />that affect the usefulness of the data: <br />♦ Sampling error, which affects the ability to generalize from <br />the data <br />♦ Nonresponse bias, which affects the accuracy of the data <br />Therefore, Anderson - Niebuhr proposes different data collection <br />strategies to avoid such errors. Our strategies will provide <br />statistically reliable and valid findings that are generalizable <br />to the desired populations. <br />Anderson, Niebuhr & Associates, Inc. has been studying response <br />rates and the effects of nonresponse bias for more than 18 years. <br />The data collection methods we use ensure that survey <br />questionnaires are designed to guarantee successful data <br />collection. They are described in further detail in the text <br />Questionnaires: Design and Use, co- authored by John Anderson <br />and Marsha Niebuhr. <br />We understand the City may wish to conduct the study by either <br />mail or telephone. Therefore, we are providing information on both <br />our telephone and mail data collection methods. <br />Page 17 <br />9 <br />