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<br />70 <br />Table 13. The number of marked crosswalks that were used in this study, by city or county. <br />Number of Crosswalks Number of Crosswalks <br />City or County Marked Unmarked <br /> <br />City or County Marked Unmarked <br />Austin, TX 24 24 Orlando, FL 20 20 <br />Baltimore, MD 30 30 Phoenix, AZ 36 36 <br />Baltimore County, MD 11 11 Pittsburgh, PA 18 18 <br />Cambridge, MA 46 46 Portland, OR 32 32 <br />Cincinnati, OH 42 42 Raleigh, NC 14 14 <br />Cleveland, OH 55 55 Salt Lake City, UT 18 18 <br />Durham, NC 11 11 San Francisco, CA 91 91 <br />Fort Worth, TX 28 28 Scottsdale, AZ 8 8 <br />Gainesville, FL 45 45 Seattle, WA 102 102 <br />Glendale, AZ 12 12 St. Louis, MO 15 15 <br />Kansas City, MO 29 29 St. Louis County, MO 24 24 <br />Madison, WI 29 29 Tempe, AZ 1 1 <br />Milwaukee, WI 68 68 Topeka, KS 25 25 <br />New Orleans, LA 80 80 Tucson, AZ 22 22 <br />Oakland, CA 45 45 Winter Park, FL 19 19 <br /> Totals (all cities) 1,000 1,000 <br /> <br />Crash rates were normalized based on number of years of data. A total of 229 crashes (188 at marked <br />crosswalks and 41 at control sites) occurred at the 2,000 sites and were used in the analysis. <br />Local traffic engineers and police departments provided crash data and hard-copy police crash reports for <br />the marked and unmarked crosswalks. For each marked crosswalk and matching unmarked crosswalk, data <br />and reports were obtained for the same 3- to 5- year period. The exact years varied from one city to another, <br />depending on the data and reports that each city had available. <br /> <br />The crash reports were read to determine the crash type and to obtain information on other crash variables, <br />such as pedestrian age, injury severity, and time of day. The crash type and other information were entered <br />into a database for analysis. <br /> <br />Some crashes were eliminated because they did not occur at the crosswalks (or within 3 m (10 ft) of the <br />crosswalk) of interest. For example, if a traffic engineer included Crash #1 among the crashes at Crosswalk <br />#1, but it was later determined that Crash #1 actually occurred somewhere else, then Crash #1 would have <br />been eliminated. The analysis resulted in the confirmation of 229 total pedestrian crashes. Of these, 188 <br />occurred at marked crosswalks and 41 occurred at unmarked crosswalks.