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<br />4.9% <br />25.4% <br />30.0% <br />0.0% <br />66.5% <br />3.2% <br />67.5% <br />2.5% <br />0% <br />10% <br />20% <br />30% <br />40% <br />50% <br />60% <br />70% <br />80% <br />Daylight Dawn/Dusk Dark - Lighted Dark - No Lights <br />Light Condition <br />Pe <br />r <br />c <br />e <br />n <br />t <br /> <br />o <br />f <br /> <br />P <br />e <br />d <br />e <br />s <br />t <br />r <br />i <br />a <br />n <br /> <br />C <br />o <br />l <br />l <br />i <br />s <br />i <br />o <br />n <br />s <br />Marked Crosswalks <br />Unmarked Crosswalks <br /> <br />Figure 25. Pedestrian collisions by light condition for marked and unmarked crosswalks. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />AGE EFFECTS <br /> <br />A separate analysis of pedestrian crashes and crossing volumes by age of pedestrian was conducted <br />(figure 26). For virtually every situation studied, pedestrians age 65 and older were overrepresented in <br />pedestrian crashes compared to their relative crossing volumes. Figures 27–30 show the relative <br />proportion of crashes and exposure for various age groups for marked crosswalks on two-lane and <br />multilane roads. For a given age group, when the proportion of crashes exceeds the proportion of <br />exposure, then crashes are overrepresented; that is, pedestrians in that population group are at greater risk <br />of being in a pedestrian crash than would be expected from their volume alone. <br /> <br />The pedestrian age groups younger than 65 showed no clear increase in crash risk compared to their <br />crossing volumes. One possible reason that young pedestrians were not overly involved in crash <br />occurrences is the fact that many crashes involving young pedestrians (particularly ages 5 to 9) occur on <br />residential streets, whereas this study did not include school crossings; most sites were drawn from <br />collector and arterial streets (where marked crosswalks exist) that are less likely to be frequented by <br />unescorted young children. Also, some of the young children counted in this study were crossing with <br />their parents or other adults, which may have reduced their risk of a crash. Some of the possible reasons <br />that older pedestrians are at greater risk when crossing streets compared to other age groups are that older <br />adults are more likely (as an overall group) than younger pedestrians to have: <br /> <br />• Slower walking speeds (and thus greater exposure time). <br /> <br />• Visual and/or hearing impairments. <br /> <br /> 46