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Feasibility Study of a Potential New Youth and Amateur Sports Complex in Mounds View, Minnesota ●Page 56 COST /BENEFIT ANALYSIS6 Economic impacts are further increased through re-spending of the direct spending.The total impact is estimated by applying an economic multiplier to initial direct spending to account for the total economic impact.The total output multiplier is used to estimate the aggregate total spending that takes place beginning with direct spending and continuing through each successive round of re-spending.Successive rounds of re-spending are generally discussed in terms of their indirect and induced effects on the area economy.Each is discussed in more detail below. INDIRECT EFFECTS consist of the re-spending of the initial or direct expenditures.These indirect impacts extend further as the dollars constituting the direct expenditures continue to change hands.This process,in principle,could continue indefinitely. However,recipients of these expenditures may spend all or part of it on goods and services outside the market area,put part of these earnings into savings or pay taxes.This spending halts the process of subsequent expenditure flows and does not generate additional spending or impact within the community after a period of time.This progression is termed leakage and reduces the overall economic impact. Indirect impacts occur in a number of areas including the following: •Wholesale industry as purchases of food and merchandise products are made. •Transportation industry as the products are shipped from purchaser to buyer. •Manufacturing industry as products used to service the Youth and Amateur Sports Complex and site,vendors and others are produced. •Utility industry as the power to produce goods and services is consumed. •Other such industries. INDUCED EFFECTS consist of the positive changes in spending,employment,earnings and tax collections generated by personal income associated with the operations of the Youth and Amateur Sports Complex and other related facilities.Specifically,as the economic impact process continues,wages and salaries are earned,increased employment and population are generated,and spending occurs in virtually all business,household and governmental sectors.This represents the induced spending impacts generated by direct expenditures. Indirect and induced effects are calculated by applying the appropriate multipliers to the net new direct spending estimates.The appropriate multipliers to be used are dependent upon certain regional characteristics and also the nature of the expenditure. Generally,an area which is capable of producing a wide range of goods and services within its borders will have high multipliers, a positive correlation existing between the self-sufficiency of an area's economy and the higher probability of re-spending occurring within the region.If a high proportion of the expenditures must be imported from another geographical region,lower multipliers will result. The multiplier estimates used in this analysis are based on the IMPLAN system.IMPLAN,which stands for Impact Analyses and Planning,is a computer software package that consists of procedures for estimating local input-output models and associated databases.Input-output models are a technique for quantifying interactions between firms,industries and social institutions within a local economy.IMPLAN was originally developed by the U.S.Forest Service in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the U.S.Department of the Interior's Bureau of Land Management to assist in land and resource management planning.Since 1993,the IMPLAN system has been developed under exclusive rights by the Minnesota Implan Group,Inc.,which licenses and distributes the software to users.Currently,there are thousands of licensed users in the United States including universities,government agencies and private companies. The economic data for IMPLAN comes from the system of national accounts for the United States based on data collected by the U.S.Department of Commerce,the U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics and other federal and state government agencies.Data are collected for 440 distinct producing industry sectors of the national economy corresponding to the Standard Industrial Categories (SICs).Industry sectors are classified on the basis of the primary commodity or service produced.Corresponding data sets are also produced for each county and zip code in the United States,allowing analyses at both the city and county level and for geographic aggregations such as clusters of contiguous cities,counties,individual states or groups of states. Data provided for each industry sector include outputs and inputs from other sectors;value added,employment,wages and business taxes paid;imports and exports;final demand by households and government;capital investment;business inventories; marketing margins and inflation factors (deflators).These data are provided both for the 440 producing sectors at the national level and for the corresponding sectors at the local level.Data on the technological mix of inputs and levels of transactions between producing sectors are taken from detailed input-output tables of the national economy.National and local level data are the basis for IMPLAN calculations of input-output tables and multipliers for geographic areas.The IMPLAN software package allows the estimation of the multiplier effects of changes in final demand for one industry on all other industries within a local economic area.