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wear cost, or load -related road wear, is considered to be an approximation for the marginal cost of road wear. Due to the nature of the high axle loads of heavy vehicles relative to light vehicles, heavy vehicles are considered to be the portion of the overall vehicle fleet primarily responsible for load related road wear." The paper also tries to develop a method for differentiating between load -related damage and that caused by the environment. Several mathematical models are included to predict the progression of deterioration over time and traffic. It concludes by stating the following. Estimation of the attributable road wear costs due to heavy vehicles, or the marginal cost of road wear, can lead to a range of estimates depending upon the models and associated assumptions used in making the estimates from the available data sources. The recent estimates for road wear cost vary from 65 to 55% attributable to heavy vehicles for the average level of traffic loading on the bituminous surfaced arterial road network of Australia. The recent estimates of the attributable road wear cost suggests that the fourth power law -based ESAL-km road use variable can be used for attributing the road wear costs. The use of the ESAL-km based attribution parameter for construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance (road wear) costs will bring attention to the deficiency of the traffic loads being simply characterized by the fourth power law that forms the basis of ESAL estimation. However, no simple replacement for the fourth power law is currently available in Australia for the characterization of traffic load for the attribution of pavement wear costs. Haiek, Allocation of Pavement Damage Due to Trucks, 1998 (6) Hajek, et al., studied the allocation of pavement damage to trucks, using a marginal cost method, which is to say the cost related to damage caused by heavy vehicles compared to that without the vehicles in question. The paper utilizes the overall life cycle cost method to evaluate the total cost of damage attributable to heavy vehicles and to compare that to the damage caused by all other vehicles. The authors developed some linear regression models to evaluate the marginal costs of pavement damage. H)elle, Model for Estimating Road Wear on In -Service Roads, 2007 �7� This paper presents an approach to estimating road wear on in-service roads in Norway. The paper implies the ability to differentiate between passenger cars and heavy vehicles, but does not provide a method for explicitly dividing the predicted impacts. The models developed are for bituminous pavement rutting, and the paper states that the primary causes of rutting include traffic loads, bearing capacity of the road structure, and seasonal climatic conditions. Fee -Based Policies Gillespie, University o Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 1992 (8) The 1992 report by the University of Michigan's Transportation Research Institute provided the following information, which many of the more recent reports have restated. 4