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1 . INTRODUCTION <br /> What does sustainability mean to local governments? What is a sustainability plan and why is it a good <br /> thing for my local government? How does sustainability planning fit in with ICLEI's other tools and pro- <br /> grams? Read this introduction for answers to these questions, which provide key background informa- <br /> tion on sustainability planning. <br /> 1 .1 SUSTAINABILITY AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS <br /> Perhaps no group has adopted the maxim. "think globally, act locally" more convincingly than today's <br /> local government leaders. Only a generation ago, many of the most complex and far-reaching environ- <br /> mental and socio-economic issues were discussed only at the national and international levels. Not so, <br /> today. Visionary local leaders embrace action on climate change, environmental justice, energy inde- <br /> pendence, natural resource conservation, unemployment, poverty, and public health. They recognize <br /> their opportunity to address these issues in collectively powerful ways, and their duty to act, since the <br /> impacts of such problems are often felt first at the local level. <br /> Local leaders also recognize that these seemingly disparate issues are inexorably linked because they <br /> deal with the same core fact: As a society, we are living beyond our means and will not be able to con- <br /> tinue down this path. To address all of these issues is at the heart of sustainable planning. When local <br /> governments bring their services, land use, and infrastructure in line with sustainable principles, they can <br /> achieve broad benefits for their communities. <br /> 1 .2 WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY? <br /> According to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, sustainability means "meet- <br /> ing the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own <br /> needs." The three, interrelated pillars of sustainable development include the environment, social equity, <br /> and economic development (see Figure 1). To act sustainably <br /> is to balance the aims of these pillars with the need to use <br /> resources more efficiently. <br /> Sustainability is not an end goal, but a journey that local gov- <br /> ernments can take to improve the social equity, environmental, <br /> and economic conditions in their jurisdiction. A common frame SUSTAINABLE <br /> work to guide their efforts is a sustainability plan, which ties <br /> together a community's goals, strategies, implementation plans, ,, '" <br /> and metrics for improving sustainability. { <br /> This toolkit provides the guidelines and resources for any <br /> local government to develop a sustainability plan and begin The Three Pillars of Sustainability <br /> its journey. Figure 1 <br /> 1 .3 WHY DEVELOP A SUSTAINABILITY PLAN? <br /> Developing a sustainability plan may seem like a daunting task. Yet local governments will find that the <br /> benefits of having an overarching plan—one that ties together all of their sustainability policies and pro- <br /> grams—will far outweigh the costs of staff time required to develop the plan. A sustainability plan is not <br /> only a useful tool for local governments just starting out on their sustainability journey, but also for more <br /> "green" jurisdictions that want to package all of their various measures under a single umbrella. Many <br /> local governments have already implemented a number of environmental and energy saving programs, <br /> often on a one-off basis. However, they often lack a single framework for measuring the impact of their <br /> 5 <br />