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Direct Costs of Utility-Related Road Work <br /> • Excavation and Backfill. <br /> • Pipe and Pipelaying. <br /> • Pavement Reinstatement. <br /> • Temporary Utility Service Diversions. <br /> • Traffic Diversions and Traffic Control. <br /> Courtesy: Dr. Raymond L. Sterling, University of Minnesota, Indirect Costs of Utility Placement and Repair Beneath <br /> Streets, August 1994. <br /> Utility Cuts Dramatically Reduce the Useful Life of a Street <br /> 0 <br /> L4 <br /> 100 <br /> g0 <br /> a 80 ' <br /> pv? o <br /> Uso <br /> 40 -- <br /> 30 <br /> 20 <br /> G� 0 5 10 15 20 25 ' 30 - IT 40 <br /> Age (Years) <br /> I—< 3 Cuts —3 -9 (I-Lis — >9 Cuts I <br /> Streets with 3-9 utility cuts are expected to require re-surfacing every 18 years. This represents a <br /> 30% reduction in service life relative to streets with less than 3 cuts. <br /> Streets with more than 9 cuts are expected to require re-surfacing every 13 years. This represents <br /> a 50% reduction in service life relative to streets with less than 3 cuts. <br /> Courtesy: City of San Francisco. <br />