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Emerald Ash Borer Management Plan City of St. Anthony Village, MN WSB Project No. 022315-000 Page 22 o An application of this rule would be that no more than 10 percent of public trees should be bur oaks, no more than 20 percent should be in the Quercus (oak) genus, and no more than 30 percent should be in the Fagaceae family (oaks, beech, chestnut). o It is regarded as a rule that has some limitations, and many urban foresters believe each percentage should be even smaller, but it is a good starting point to work from. Percentages for City property can be viewed in the computer- based inventory which is updated as trees are removed and planted. Some of the ash trees on boulevards have been preserved with stem injections, but those that are too small or in poor condition will be removed and replaced on a case- by-case basis using a diverse group of trees. Although symmetry and repetition are planting concepts often implemented with traditional landscape designs, they run in opposition with promoting species diversity.  Monoculture-type plantings where one to two species are utilized increase the chance an entire space is clear cut when a non-native disease or insect like EAB is introduced.  Instead, there will be a less formal appearance in the boulevard planting areas, shifting to more of a specimen-based arboretum style planting. Repetition can be used, but the patterns could be more complex with a longer stretch of space before species are repeated in the planting design.  Infested ash trees lost in unmaintained/naturalized outlots, conservation areas or other natural spaces would only be replanted if needed for significant screening needs, or as part of a larger natural resource plan which would also minimize non-native invasive species like European buckthorn and garlic mustard. This program would not be the main reforestation focus during the peak of EAB infestation unless significant resources were diverted. In general, the best way to maximize the number and diversity of trees planted is to use all available planting stock types: bare root, container, and balled-and-burlap (B&B).  Currently, most of the trees planted on City property are handled in- house by Public Works staff and/or non-profit organizations such as Tree Trust. If the City had to contract out all 123 tree replacements, the budget would need to be about $100,000 to achieve 1:1 replanting.  As part of the replanting plan, the City will implement a three-year aftercare program. Stressed trees are more susceptible to diseases and insect pests. Each tree must be watered and checked weekly during the growing season of May through October for a minimum of two years (and ideally three) to ensure the City’s investment is retained and the tree continues to mature and provide ecosystem services and benefits.