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overall extreme heat vulnerability in urban areas where there are dense concentrations of <br />these surfaces. This is referred to as urban heat island effect. <br />Extreme heat vulnerability means how likely people or communities are to suffer from health <br />problems due to extreme heat. The Metropolitan Council's Extreme Heat Map Tool shows <br />land surface temperature for the Twin Cities region with green representing areas of low land <br />surface temperature, yellow representing medium temperature, and red representing high <br />temperature. According to the map, the AUAR study area is located in an area of medium <br />heat vulnerability.5 <br />Precipitation <br />According to the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEIS), historic average <br />annual precipitation in Anoka County between 2004 and 2024 was approximately 30.49 <br />inches, with the lowest average in 2022 (20.97 inches) and the highest average in 2020 <br />(37.6 inches), as shown in Figure 6. Average annual precipitation under an immediate <br />emissions pathway (SSP 245) in Anoka County from 2040-2059 is projected to be 34.4 <br />inches. From 2080-2099, average annual precipitation is projected to be 33.3 inches and <br />33.4 under RCP 4.5 and 35.70 under an intermediate (SSP 245) and high emissions <br />pathway (SSP 370), respectively.' <br />Figure 6: NCEI County Time Series -Average Precipitation Trends for Anoka County <br />Anoka County, Minnesota Precipitation <br />April -March <br />2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 <br />965.20mm <br />914.40mm <br />863.60mm <br />812.80mm <br />762.00mm <br />711.20mm <br />660.40mm <br />609.60mm <br />558.80mm <br />508.00mm <br />2024 <br />Flood Risk <br />The study area has mapped floodplain from both FEMA and Rice Creek Watershed District <br />(RCWD). The FEMA floodplain is delineated as Special Flood Hazard Zone A. Zone A is <br />determined through approximate methods and does not have a base flood elevation <br />associated with the delineation. The 100-year floodplain is delineated based on the area that <br />has a 1 % chance or greater of inundation from a flooding source in any given year. <br />According to RCWD, the majority of the 100-year floodplain within the study area is one foot <br />in depth or less outside of the ditch systems. Both FEMA and RCWD floodplain areas require <br />permitting approvals prior to impacts or construction within the floodplain. <br />5 Extreme Heat Map Tool. Metropolitan Council. Available at https://metrocouncii.org/Communities/Planning/Local- <br />Plan n i ng-Ass ista n ce/CVA/Tools- Resources. asp <br />6 Minnesota CliMAT. University of Minnesota. Available at <br />https://app.climate.umn.edu/?output type=modelVal&scenario=ssp370 2080- <br />2099&model=ensemble&variable=tmax-deaF&time frame=vearlv&aoi=none#intro Dane <br />Lino Lakes Main Street - AUAR 12 July 2025 <br />Page 20 of 617 <br />